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Subject:  Civil  Code  For  English  Based  Bachelor  of  Law  Program  (ELBBL)  

Lecturer:  Dr.  Phalthy  Hap  2016  

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Session  2  

Outline  • The root of legal assistance • Why legal assistance? •  Influence of aids in law • Overview of Japan’s aids • Legal assistance • Civil Code and Law on Civil Code

Enforcement 2  

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The  root  of  legal  assistance  (1)  

•  The lack of laws, •  The lack of human resources, • After the collapse of the Khmer

Rouge regime, it is mainly recognized that Cambodian laws were influenced by Vietnamese assistance.

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The  root  of  legal  assistance  (2)  

•  The Vietnamese assistance did not however affect much on ordinary people’s mind because Cambodia was a closed market system. •  Then when Cambodia introduced a

free market system, it is necessary that the rule of law be respected.

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The  root  of  legal  assistance  (3)  •  The Paris Peace Agreement in 1991 is

the root of all kinds of foreign assistance. •  Under the Paris Peace Agreement,

United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) was formed  (February 1992 - September 1993) and an important law was promulgated: Criminal and Procedural Law in 1992

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The  root  of  legal  assistance  (4)  

•  The first election in 1993 showed other countries that Cambodia became peaceful thereby attracting investors to invest in. •  Investors from developed countries

always carefully look at the existing laws before deciding to invest.

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The  root  of  legal  assistance  (5)  

• Many countries provided financial support for Cambodia to build up:  Roads, bridges, …  Education,  Human rights,  Legal framework, etc.

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Why  legal  assistance?  (1)  • Without laws, it is hard for

investors to decide their investment. • Developed countries see the

benefit of investing in developing countries, but the first thing they focus on is the strong legal system.

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Why  legal  assistance?  (2)  

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Developed  countries  

Developing  countries  

Investors  Investors  Investors  Investors  Investors  

Invest

Provide legal assistance

Protect

Why  legal  assistance?  (3)  

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Developed  countries  

Developing  countries  

Investors  Investors  Investors  Investors  Investors  

Invest

Seek for technical assistance

Human resources

Workers Skilled workers

Work

Improve capacity building

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Influence  of  aids  on  law  (1)  The influence of foreign donors towards the draft of law: •  Asian Development Bank (ADB)

  The 2001 Land Law •  WTO

  Relevant laws to WTO

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Influence  of  aids  on  law  (2)  The influence of foreign donors towards the draft of law: •  Japanese donors

  Civil Code   Code of Civil Procedure

•  French donors   Criminal Code   Code of Criminal Procedure

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Influence  of  aids  on  law  (3)  The influence of foreign donors towards the draft of law: •  A rush of adopting Expropriation Law

(only one day discussion in the National Assembly, Dec. 29, 2009)   Pressure from international community   Fulfilling the desires of international

community 13  

Influence  of  aids  on  law  (4)  •  Cambod ian l aw has long been

experienced in civil law traditions, but recent legal development:   Some laws were drafted under the support

of common law countries,   Some laws were drafted under the support

of Japan,   Some laws were drafted under the support

of France. 14  

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Influence  of  aids  on  law  (5)  

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Civil  Law   Common  Law  

Cambodian  legal  system  

Civil  Law   Common  Law  

Overview  of  Japan’s  Aids  (1)  •  The Japanese government is a country

that helps initiate the Paris Peace Agreement in 1991. •  Since the United Nations Transitional

Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) started in Cambodia in 1992, the Japanese government sent some staff working for UN to work in Cambodia.

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Overview  of  Japan’s  Aids  (2)  •  Japan has set up 3 pillars of assistance

priority for Cambodia:   Strengthening of economic base,   Promotion of social development,   Strengthening of governance.

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Overview  of  Japan’s  Aids  (3)  • Basis for economic activities

includes: -Road network system:  Chroy Changvar Bridge: 1966, 1994  Kizuna Bridge: 2001  Neak Leung Bridge: coming soon  Roads

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Overview  of  Japan’s  Aids  (4)  • Basis for economic activities

includes: -Port system: Sihanouk Ville Port -Electricity supply system -ICT infrastructure -Logistical system -Strengthening of the private sector -Agriculture and rural development

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Overview  of  Japan’s  Aids  (5)  

•  Promotion of social development -Water supply and sewage systems, -Health sector, -Education quality: Secondary  School  Teacher  Training  Project  in  Science  and  Mathematics  (STEPSAM),  2000-­‐2004; -Demining of anti-personnel mines.

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Overview  of  Japan’s  Aids  (6)  • Strengthening of governance

-the support of drafting Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure -the support of public financial management and the policy making, system improvement and human resource development in the field of national tax and customs.

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Overview  of  Japan’s  Aids  (7)  •  The total grant for infrastructure

rehabilitation and development, and for human resource training in Cambodia as of 2010 reached USD1,900 million. •  Japan provided scholarship for

Cambodian students since 1992. 22  

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Legal  assistance  (1)  • After focusing much on road

infrastructure, Japan has turned attention to legal system. •  Legal assistance started in 1999

having three phases to contribute to legal and judicial development.

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Legal  assistance  (2)  •  Phase 1: Mar. 1999-Mar. 2003, training for

legal practitioners, drafting of Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure •  Phase 2: Mar. 2004-Mar. 2008, Legislating

of Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure, drafting of ancillary laws, development of textbooks, and commentary •  Phase 3: Apr. 2008-Mar. 2012, Improving

the practices of MOJ, drafting of remaining ancillary laws, dissemination of the Codes.

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Legal  assistance  (3)  •  Under the support of Japanese Gov’t

  Cambodian team and Japanese experts worked together to draft the Civil Code and Code of Civil Procedure.

  Japanese experts came to Cambodia.   Cambodian teams were sent to Japan to get

experience from Japanese legal system.

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Legal  assistance  (4)  •  Outputs of the legal assistance:

  Code of Civil Procedure: Jul. 6, 2006 (applicable 1 year after)

  Civil Code: Dec. 8, 2007 (applicable on Dec. 21, 2011)

  Law on Application of Civil Code: May 31, 2011 (applicable on Dec. 21, 2011)

  Law on Non-Litigation Civil Procedure: 2008

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Legal  assistance  (5)  •  Outputs of the legal assistance:

  Inter-ministerial Proclamation on the Registrat ion of Immovable Property Concerning Code of Civil Procedure,

May 3, 2011   Inter-ministerial Proclamation on Procedure of

the Registration of Real Rights Concerning the Civil Code: April 29, 2013

  Complementary to Code of Civil Procedure, Civil Code, Law on Civil Code Enforcement, …

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Legal  assistance  (6)  •  Remarkab le human resource

development: -­‐  Training of judge and prosecutor

students: Nov. 2005-Mar. 2012 (235 as of January 2011)

-­‐  Training of lawyer students: July 2001-June 2010 (359 as of January 2011)

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Legal  assistance  (7)  •  Five years for Legal and Judicial

Development Projects (2012-2017) supported by JICA, Japan.

•  Four working groups are formed: -­‐  Ministry of Justice, -­‐  Royal Academy and Judicial Professions. -­‐  Bar Association of the Kingdom of

Cambodia, -­‐  Royal University of Law and Economics.

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Dec.  8,  2007                        Dec.  29,  2007    May  31,  2011  June  21,  2011  Dec.  21,  2011  

Civil  Code  (CC)  

!មរដ%ប'(ណ*

Promulgate  ,-សឲ01*

CC  Came  into  effect  ច3ល5ធរ7ន

Law  on  Civil  Code  Enforcement  (CCE)    ច9ប:ស;*ព*-រអន>វត;!មរដ%ប'(ណ*

CC  &  CCE  were  applicable  !មរដ%ប'(ណ* នAងច9ប:ស;*ព*-រអន>វត;!មរដ%ប'(ណ*Cប:D;Eមអន>វត;

Promulgate  ,-សឲ01*

CCE  Came  into  effect  ច3ល5ធរ7ន

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Thank  you!!!  

QuesPons  and  Answers  Contact:

hphalthy@yahoo.com www.phalthy.wordpress.com  

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