The American Revolution

What is the message of this cartoon? Does anyone know who the author of this cartoon is?

*was in an effort to gain support for “The Albany Congress”

• King of England.

• Strong supporter of taxing the colonies to pay for the debt from the 7years War/French

Indian War.

• He opposed any compromise with the Colonies.

• After loosing the colonies, he withdrew his efforts at personal government and went insane.

George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765…

What sent the Colonists over the edge…

George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765…

What sent the Colonists over the edge…

1. Writs of Assistance - 1761

2. Proclamation Line – 1763

3. Sugar Act – 1764

4. Currency Act – 1764

5. Quartering Act – 1765

6. Stamp Act - 1765

Northwest Territory

Proclamation Line of 1763

•Proclamation Line of 1763Colonists were not allowed into the Northwest Territory• Colonists defied order— American Dream

•Writs of Assistance---1763---unrestricted British search warrants to stop Colonial smuggling……

•Quartering Act---1763---Colonists were to house and feed British soldiers.

• Tax on legal documents, playing cards, newspapers, etc.• Paid for debt and British troops in the Colonies.

• “taxation without representation”- SAMUEL ADAMS• British tax collectors were tarred and feathered…..• Stamp Act protests led by the Sons of Liberty…..

Stamp Tax

Opposition to Revenue Measures

• Sons of Liberty organize and threaten, tar and feather and burned stamps and stuffed stamp collectors. Later would be responsible for Boston Tea Party.

• Most effective protest was universal defiance of the Act—non-importation and non-consumption (BOYCOTT)

• While the Stamp Act Congress of 1765 denied that Parliament could tax colonists, they did agree that Parliament would regulate colonial trade.

• But the British will upset the colonies with the Declaratory Act (1767) which said that Britain had the power to legislate for the colonies in all cases whatsoever

“If our trade be taxed, why not our lands, or produce, in short,

everything we possess? They tax us without having legal

representation.” Samuel Adams

Granbury Burying Ground-Boston, MA

Sons of Liberty

High tensions between British and Bostonians over enforcing British

policies.March 1770, the British shed Colonial blood for

first time blood.The relationship between the Colonies and England

would never improveUsed as propaganda to convince people of the

colonial cause.

Boston Mass.

Boston Mass.

Standing on site of Massacre with Old State House in View

Common Gravesite of the 5 victims of the Boston Massacre (5 feet from Sam Adams Grave)

Boston Mass. •The 5 Colonists killed at the Boston Massacre would become martyrs for the Colonial cause

•They would be buried in the same cemeteries as Paul Revere and Samuel Adams.

•British soldiers were tried in court and 2 were found guilty of manslaughter.

Tea Act, East India Company

•Made it illegal for the colonies to buy non-British tea

• forced the colonies to pay the tea tax of 3 cents/pound.

•The Colonists had to buy tea from the East India Tea Company----gave them a monopoly

•“taxation without representation”•Sons of Liberty protested by dumping 342 chests

of tea into Boston Harbor

Boston Tea Party

Closed the port of Boston from Colonial trade until

Colonists paid for the tea.

Colonists referred to these as the “Intolerable

Acts”

•Representatives send a document “Declaration of Rights and Grievances” in 1774 to King

George and Parliament

DOI-2

• Colonial representatives meet in Philadelphia in

response to the Intolerable Acts in 1774

• Main goal was to try and negotiate with King

George and Parliament• Patrick Henry expressed:

“I am not a Virginian, but an American”

1770

• April 18, 1775• British searching for

stolen weapons– “search and seizure”

• Stopped at Lexington and encountered

Minutemen •The first military action

of the Revolution

SHOT HEARD ‘ROUND THE WORLD

“Give Me Liberty or Give Me Death” – Patrick Henry

• Organized first American army called the Continental Army and appointed George Washington as our Commanding General.

• Willing to stay part of the empire but King must “redress our grievances”- OLIVE BRANCH PETITION

• Congress prepares for war…….

DOI-2

•Came together again

after the battles of

Lexington and Concord, May

10, 1775.

• Wrote Declaration of Independence: Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, and John Adams

• 56 signers sacrificed their lives, fortunes and honor when they signed the DOI

• King George charged these men with “treason”.

DOI-2

• Would stay together

throughout the war and became our

first government of the United States.

Father of the Declaration of Independence

Plantation owner from VirginiaRenaissance manOwned slavesRepresentative to the 2nd Continental Congress from Virginia

Social contract

•Written by Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776…..• Came to America in 1774 from England

and got caught up in the Revolutionary Spirit

• Wrote a 50 page pamphlet that would convince many Americans that King George was a tyrant and declaring

independence from Great Britain was our only choice.

• Wanted DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC• Sold 150,000 copies in 3 months and was the most widely read document to

that day besides the bible

•Explained to the world why separation from England was

necessary•New theory of government

(democracy---people rule) •27 grievances listed against King

George•Declaration of War

•We became the United States of America

John Locke was an English philosopher during the late 1680s.

He wrote several books on how people should be governed.

His ideas influenced Thomas Jefferson. John Locke‘s philosophy of natural rights of man and of social contract was seen as the catalyst for

independence.

Social contract

The power of government comes from the people….We give the government certain

powers to force people to do things for the common good of the community……..If the government does not reflect the will of the people, than the people can change it…….

PatriotsAmericans who supported the Revolution…..controlled the countryside.

LoyalistsAmericans who

supported England…

controlled the cities…

Loyalist/Patriot

Led to a military alliance with France providing soldiers, naval fleet and $$$$$. (Franco-American alliance, 1778)

This was THE TURNING POINT of the American Revolution because this battle led to France backing The United States… it is questionable if we could have won without them…

Battle of Yorktown

• British General Charles Cornwallis

wanted to winter his troops in the South believing the war

would be won in the Spring…..

• General Washington learned of the British

decision to winter their main troops in

Yorktown.

• FINAL Battle

Map-yorktown

Surprise attack!

Cornwallis’ Surrender at YorktowN

Painted by John Trumbull,

1797

“The World Turned Upside Down!”

Treaty of Paris 1783

• The Patriot victory at Yorktown, however, convinced the British that the war was too costly.

• Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and John Jayrepresented the United States in the peace talks in Paris.

• The American Congress ratified, or approved, a preliminary treaty in April 1783.– Britain recognized American independence.

– Northern boundary was fixed on the Canadian border and along the Great Lakes. Mississippi becomes western boundary. Americans territory extended to Florida in South (England returned Florida to Spain).