2. Accident Prevention

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Safety module: Accident, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Preventable Accidents, if notprevented due to our

negligence, it is nothingshort of a murder.


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1. Discover causes

2. Control behaviorist causes

3. Control environmental causes

4. Supplementary activities

Controlling Accidents


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1. Discovering causes


Causes of previous accidents

Existing hazard


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2. Controlling behavioristic causes

Job analysis

Job training

Supervision Discipline

Personnel work

Proper placement of worker



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3. Environmental causes

Causes that are controllable eg light, heat, noiseetc

Causes that are not controllable eg requirementof working in extreme conditions, outdoor work



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Water spillage, water logging, Steam leakages, hot environment

Oil leakages, oil spillage,

Slippery floor,

Unhygienic work conditions, Gas leakages,

Dusty atmosphere

Open drains, uncovered pits,

Unsafe m/cs, high sound level,

Lack of awareness of hazards, lack of safety and firstaid training,

Activators not provided,

Frequent change of contract labours etc.

Work place environment hazards----



7/44Safety module: Accident, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

4. Supplementary activity

Poster Booklets and other literature Movies

Film strips Contests Meeting Committees

Suggestion system Employee magazines Safety handbooks





Three Es Engineering

Education

Enforcement



3-Es : Corrective Action We can correct a hazard by mechanical means, can

eliminate the conditions or change the operationthat creates the hazards. We can repair the brokendefective part or we can put a guard on thedangerous machine part.

We can eliminate the cause by assigning people toother kinds of work. This applies more in relations toaccident prone workers. It has been found thatprobability of an accident can be reduced by achange in the environment

The corrective action can be applied throughdisciplinary measures. This method of approach maybe tried only when other methods have failed.

We can prevent accidents through the method ofinstruction and appeal, which is the most effective

way to get results.




AccidentsPrevention



Philosophy of accident prevention

Needless destruction of life and health is morallyunjustified.

Failure to take necessary precautions againstpredictable accidents and occupational illness makemanagement and workers normally responsible forthose accidents and occupational illness.

Accidents and occupational illness severely limitefficiency and productivity.

Accidents and occupational illness produce far-reaching social harm.

The safety movement has demonstrated that itstechniques are effective in reducing accident rates andpromoting efficiency.

The legislation mandates management responsibilityto provide a safe, healthful workplace.



Principle 1

An unsafe act, an unsafe

condition, an accident;

all these are symptoms

of something wrong inmanagement system.



Principle 2

Certain sets of circumstances

can be predicted to produce

severe injuries. Thesecircumstances can be

identified and controlled.



Principle 3

Safety should be managed

like other company function.

Management should directthe safety effort by setting

achievable goals, by

planning, organizing andcontrolling to achieve them.



Principle 4

The key to effective linesafety performance is

management procedures

that fix accountability.



Principle 5

The function of safety is to

locate and define theoperational errors that allow

accident to occur.


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What an Organization should have

Safety audit Safety training

Safety promotion

Safety Documents

Safety organization

Work permit system

Hazard identification

First aid and medical Employees participation


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Health and safety policy

Disaster management plan

Appointment of safety officer

Use of Personnel protective equipment

Participative safety management

Safety rules and code of practices

Safety inspections and safety audit

Contractor safety document conditions Inter departmental co-ordination

Accident reporting / recording, investigation andanalysis

What an Organization should have


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Implementation of Safety System

Safety training

Hazards, risk and risk assessment

Accident reporting investigation &analysis

E&M safety rules

Safety in construction and erection

Occupational health, safety and fire Training on fire prevention &

protection, fire detection, firefighting

First aid Handling and storage of hazardous

chemicals

DEMONSTRATION ON USAGE OF

CHLORINE ARRESTING KIT

l f f


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Safety training

Handling and storage of oils

Handling and storage of inflammable liquids, gasesand oils

Material handling

Safety while working in confined space

Accident prevention

Disaster management

Legal requirements


MOCK FIRE FIGHTING DEMONSTRATION

l i f S f S


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Employees participation

Safety committeesAs per The Factorys Act 48 Clause 41-G, the occupier hasto set up a safety committee consisting of equal no. ofrepresentation of workers and management to promotecooperation between the workers and management inmaintaining proper safety and health at work place and toreview periodically the measures taken in that behalf.

Safety task force

Safety stewards

Safety circle



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Personal Protective Equipments

I l t ti f S f t S t


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Personal protective equipments to be provided toall employees based on functional requirements.

Protection of head, face, eyes, ears, respiratory,body, hand, foot shall be taken care while issuing

personal protective equipments.


PPEs are required for protection ofHead,Face,

Eyes,Ears,

Protection,Body,Hand,

Foot

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Safety Activators

Safety activators are required to attract attention ofemployees and workmen to ensure safety at workplace as well as while moving in and around plantpremises.

Safety Posters,Safety slogans,

Safety Signs,Display of Safety Precautions at HazardousPlaces / Equipments,

The activators are:




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Hazard, risk and risk assessment

HazardSource or situation with a potential for harm in terms of injury

or ill health, damage to property, damage to the work place,environment, or a combination of these risk, combination of thelikelihood or the consequence(s) of a specified hazardous eventoccurring;

Risk

Combination of the likelihood and consequence(s) of a specifiedhazardous event occurring

Risk assessment

Overall process of estimating the magnitude of risk and decidingwhether or not the risk is tolerable




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PEP Talk at work


PEP TALKS CONDUCTED

AT PROJECT AREA

DY. CHIEF INSPECTOR OF FACTORIES

ADDRESSING THE CONTRACT EMPLOYEES

Implement tion of S fet S tem


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PEP Talk at work


CAMPAIGN ORGANISED AT THE

MAIN GATE FOR HELMET USAGE



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Safety Audit Systematic examination to determine whether

activities and related results conformed the plantarrangements and whether these arrangementsare implemented effectively and are suitable for

achieving the organizations policy and objectives

Once in a year internally by a group of otherproject safety officer.

Once in two year by external agency like CentralLabour Institute, Regional Labour Institute,National Safety Council and LPA.




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Occupation health and safety

The conditions and factors that effect the wellbeing of employees, temporary workers, contractorpersonnel, visitors and any other person in thework place

Occupational health check up of workers employed

in a hazardous process conducted periodically todetect any deterioration in the health according tosection 41c of factories act 1948.

Projects maintain accurate and up to date healthrecords of workers employed in hazardous process.

Its preferable that medical examination of allemployees above 40 years of age is also conductedannually irrespective of work.




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Loss prevention


To ensure safety & save the life and property NTPCinstalls the following:

Fire protection and fire prevention systems ,Fire detection systems,

Chlorine detection system,

Water spray system,

Emulsifier system,Carbon dioxide flooding system,

Sprinkler system,

Fire hydrant system

Safety Orgnisation in NTPC


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Safety Orgnisation in NTPC

Safety Documentation


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Safety Documentation

SAFETY POLICY

SAFETY MANUALS Operation and Maintenance

Construction and erection

Individual plant and machine

PTW SYSTEMS Electrical & Mechanical Safety Rules

OHSAS 18001/IS18001 certification andassociated documentation

Preparation of safety check lists

Safety policy


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Safety policy

The company recognise and accept its responsibilityfor establishing and maintaining a safe workingenvironment for all its employees.

Companys moral responsibility to its employees, toprovide the best practicable conditions of work fromthe point of view of health and safety

The obligation to consult with its staff and theirrepresentative to implement policies and proceduresdeveloped as a result of discussions.

Statutory responsibility in respect of health, safetyand welfare of employees emanating from relevantlegislations such as the factories act, the boiler actetc.

Safety Manual


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Safety Manual

Safety manual is a compilation of circulars issuedby NTPC on accident reporting and investigatingprocedure, safety policy, safety rules, guidelines,MSDs etc.

Important statutory provisions like factories acts; ierules, the building and other construction workersact. etc are also included

Safety Rules for Construction & Erection


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Safety Rules for Construction & Erection

Construction work has high risk potential, is of

temporary nature and has to be performed ingeneral in adverse physical & environmentalconditions.

Hence in order to effectively manage safety, health

and environment (SHE) at site a good safetymanagement system is essential.

thus

Company should frame safety rules for construction

and erection which should be adopted and followedby employees and the contractors engaged forconstruction and erection activities.

E&M Safety Rules


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E&M Safety Rules

NTPC has prepared Safety Rules for Electrical &Mechanical in association with the National Power,

U.K. The experts have visited several times toNTPC Projects to study the implementation of theserules and practicability.

They also provided training to NTPC executives toensure the safety of the employees working onplant and apparatus to which these Safety Rulesapply are safeguarded from hazards arising fromelectrical mechanical systems.

The Rules consists of Sections covering General

provisions, basic safety rules, safety documentsand keys, responsibility of the persons and code ofpractices.

The PTW system should be suitably designed andfollowed to ensure safety at work place.

Disaster Management Plan


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As per provisions of section 41-b, Para - 4 offactories act 1948 every factory should preparedisaster management plan and obtain approval ofchief inspector of factories of the state.

Regular mock drill are to be conducted. Regular training to be given to team members.

Translate the plan in local language and distribute

Training to all employees on disaster management(Natural and man made disasters)

Disaster Management Plan

On Site / Off Site

Safety Clauses in General Condition of Contracts


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Safety Clauses in General Condition of Contracts

Include safety clauses in

General condition of contracts

Operation & maintenance contracts

Supply cum erection contracts Civil packages and other bilateral contracts.

This ensures the contractors to follow safety systems

NTPC Safety Award


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NTPC Safety Award

NTPC has constituted safety awards scheme for its

coal and gas based power projects / stations:

There are two safety awards, one for major projectsand other for gas/minor projects.

First and second position in each category declaredafter evaluation of safety performance of theproject.

Projects not considered for awards where fatal

accident/s take place during contesting year.

OHSAS/IS 18001


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OHSAS/IS 18001

It has been developed to be compatible with theISO 9001-2000 (Quality) and ISO 14001-2004(Environmental) management systems standards.

It helps to facilitate the integration of quality,environmental and occupational health and safetymanagement systems by the organisations.

It gives requirement of an occupational health andsafety (OH&S) management system, to enable anorganisation to control its OH&S risks andimprove its performance.


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