2-5-8 Assessment

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2-5-8 Digestive System Project Directions: This packet contains three different categories of questions: 2-point, 5-point, and 8-point. You will find there are:

• 12 questions worth 2 points each • 4 questions worth 5 points each • 2 questions worth 8 points each

In order to complete the assignment, you must accumulate 30-points. At least one of the questions you answer MUST be an 8-point question. Answer the questions on the paper provided. DUE DATE: Thursday, December 19.

2-5-8 Assessment

2-point questions: 1. Define mechanical and chemical digestion. 2. Label the organs that make up the digestive system.

3. Starch is broken down into by the enzyme . 4. What is the name of the muscle contractions that occur all along the digestive tract, and moves food through the system?

2-5-8 Assessment

5. The main purpose of HCL in the stomach is to:

a. prevent bacteria from entering the GI tract b. convert pepsinogen to pepsin c. convert trypsinogen to trypsin d. convert trypsin to trypsinogen

6. The diagram below represents a fat molecule.

A fat molecule belongs to which category of organic molecules? a. carbohydrates b. proteins c. nucleic acids d. lipids 7. Feces is stored in the until it is released from the body.

a. anus b. rectum c. cecum d. ilium

8. Heartburn is pain that occurs when acidic gastric juice is forced out of the upper end of the stomach. In which organ does a person experience heartburn?

2-5-8 Assessment

9. The six classes of nutrients are carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and which of the following?

a. glucose and starch b. water and glucose c. starch and lipids d. fats and water

10. Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates?

a. storage of energy b. transmission of genetic material c. acceleration of chemical reactions d. transport of molecules across membranes

11. During digestion, proteins are broken down into molecules of . 12. What is the primary function of the large intestine? 5-point questions: 1. Which eating disorder, anorexia or bulimia, has the most negative impact on the digestive system? Explain your reasoning.

2-5-8 Assessment

2. Recently, Mike noticed a mild pain developing below his ribs. Sometimes, the pain is very sharp, and makes him suck in his breath. Other times, the pain feels like a sore muscle. Mike notices the pain occurs after he eats fatty foods and decides to make notes about the events that lead up to the pain. After three weeks, the pain has not gone away. Rather it is more intense. The last entry he wrote, reads: 8:00pm – I shouldn’t have eaten the cheese pizza. The pain hurts so bad, that I am sweating through my t-shirt. I put my hand underneath my right rib cage, and tried to push on it to make the pain go away. That was a big mistake. I screamed out in pain and fell to the floor. My mom came running up to see what was wrong. When she looked at me, her eyes were as big as saucers. She touched my forehead, and quickly pulled her hands away. She said I was burning up. I know this will pass after a couple of hours, but my mom says we need to go to the hospital. I wonder what the doctor will say? If you were the doctor at the hospital, and Mike was your patient, what diagnosis would you give him? Explain your reasoning.

2-5-8 Assessment

3. How does a person develop an ulcer?

2-5-8 Assessment

4. Use the image below to answer the following question. Labels the parts of the image. When a starch molecule travels through region #3, how is it affected? Explain your reasoning.

1.

2.

3.

2-5-8 Assessment

8-point questions 1. Lactose intolerant individuals have a condition where they are unable to digest a component in the milk called lactose- a sugar in dairy milk. Lactose-intolerant individuals lack the enzyme lactase, which is needed for the digestion of lactose sugar. The table below compares some of the nutrition information for a serving of dairy milk and a serving of soymilk.

Dairy  Milk,  Soymilk  and  Almond  Milk  Nutrition  Information

Whole  Dairy  Milk Unsweetened  Soymilk

Unsweetened  Almond  Milk

Serving  size 8  oz.  (240  mL) 8  oz.  (240  mL) 8  oz.  (240  mL) Amount  

per  Serving

%  Daily  Value

Amount  per  

Serving

%  Daily  Value

Amount  per  

Serving

%  Daily  Value

Calories 150 90 40 Total  fat 8g 12% 4g 6% 3g 5%

  Saturated  Fat

5g 25% 0.5g 3% 0g 0%

Cholesterol 35mg 11% 0mg 0% 0mg 0% Sodium 128mg 5% 85mg 4% 180mg 8%

Total Carbohydrates

12g 4% 4g 1% 2g 1%

  Sugars 12g 1g 0g Protein 8g 16% 7g 14% 1g Vitamin  A 6% 10% 10% Vitamin  C 10% 0% 0% Vitamin  D 25% 30% Calcium 30% 30% 20% Iron 0% 6% 2%

Based on the information provided, determine if a lactose intolerant individual would select soymilk or almond milk as an alternative. Explain your reasoning.

2-5-8 Assessment

2. Students conducted experiments to study digestive enzyme activity. In the first experiment, the students observed the rate at which salivary amylase breaks down starch (the substrate) in solutions with different pH values. The students then performed the same type of experiment with pepsin. The graph below shows the students’ results for the two experiments.

Evaluate the effects of pH on the functions of each enzyme.

2-5-8 Assessment

2-5-8 Scoring Guide 2-point questions: 1. Mechanical digestion: using mixing, grinding, or mashing to break down food into smaller pieces. (usually done with teeth) Chemical digestion: digestive molecules breakdown food molecules (complex molecules) into micromolecules (smaller molecules). 2. Must label item correctly and have correct spelling to receive full credit (1/2 credit for incorrect spelling).

3. sugars (glucose); amylase 4. peristalsis 5. A 6. D 7. B 8. Esophagus 9. D 10. A 11. amino acids 12. absorbs mostly water and some minerals (nutrients)

a. Esophagus b. Bile duct c. Stomach d. Pancreas e. Small intestine (jejunum and

ileum) f. Large intestine (ascending

colon, transverse colon, descending colon)

g. Rectum h. Appendix i. Duodenum j. Gall bladder k. Liver l. Salivary glands

2-5-8 Assessment

5-point questions: 1. 5 3 1 Content Clearly states opinion.

Chooses and describes, in detail, the eating disorder. Describes the negative impacts of the disorder on the digestive system and how it impacts nutrition. Uses details from the text and/or class discussion.

Clearly states opinion. Chooses and describes the eating disorder. Describes some of the negative impacts of the disorder on the digestive system. Uses details from the text and/or class discussion.

Chooses and describes the eating disorder. Does not clearly identify the negative impacts on the digestive system. Does not use details.

2. 5 3 1 Content Provides correct diagnosis

and strong reasoning to support claim. Provides strong evidence, using information about the function of the digestive system, to make inferences that lead to a correct diagnosis. Uses specific details from the problem, as well as their own knowledge, to explain reasoning.

Provides possible diagnosis and reasoning to support claim. Uses some information of the functions of the digestive system, to draw conclusions about diagnosis. Uses details from the problem to explain their reasoning.

Provides a possible diagnosis and vague reasoning to support claim.

3. 5 3 1 Content Correctly defines and

identifies ulcers and how and where they develop. Provides specific details to discuss the formation of ulcers, how it negatively impacts absorption, and the development of increased levels of HCl and pepsin within the stomach.

Defines ulcers. Identify some areas where ulcers develop. Provides vague details discussing the formation of ulcers, how it impacts absorption, and the development of increased levels of HCl and pepsin within the stomach.

Provides a vague definition of ulcers and their location within the stomach. Provides limited information on how ulcers negatively impact digestive system.

2-5-8 Assessment

4. 5 3 1 Content Correctly identify picture.

Describes and explains the functions that occur within the duodenum upon the starch molecule. Discuss, using specific details, the events that occur to a molecule during the digestion process. Use evidence from dudodenal structure (e.g., villi) to support reasoning and describe absorption process.

Identify 2 out of 3 pictures correctly. Describes and explains the functions that occur within the duodenum upon the starch molecule. Discuss, using some details, the break down of a molecule during the digestion process. Use evidence from dudodenal structure (e.g., villi) to support reasoning and describe absorption process.

Correctly identify organ in picture.

8-point questions: 1. 8 6 4 Content Clearly states opinion.

Describes impact of the lactose on the digestive system. Makes a selection, incorporating all of the aspects that affect a lactose intolerant person and their nutrition. Uses specific details from the nutritional data to support response.

Clearly states opinion. Describes the characteristics of a lactose intolerant person. Makes a selection, incorporating some of the aspects that affect a lactose intolerant person and their nutrition. Uses details from the nutritional data to support response.

Chooses and describes the alternative to milk, without any reference to the effects of lactose intolerance. Does not use nutritional data to support response.

2. 8 6 4 Content Clearly identifies the

enzymes amylase and pepsin, the substrates that are broken down by the enzymes, the organ where the break down occurs, and the function of the enzyme. Provides strong reasoning on how pH affects enzyme function, using specific evidence from graphic data.

Identifies amylase and pepsin, the substrates that are broken down by the enzymes, the organ where the break down occurs, and the function of the enzyme. Provides reasoning on how pH affects enzyme function, using evidence from graphic data.

Identifies the substrates that are broken down by the enzymes and the organ where the break down occurs. Provides vague information on how pH affects enzyme function. Does not use information from graph to support claims.