2 04 Ulep vs. Legal Clinic

7/27/2019 2 04 Ulep vs. Legal Clinic

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EN BANC[B.M. No. 553. June 17, 1993.]MAURICIO C. ULEP, petitioner, !. "#E LE$AL CLINIC, INC., re!pon%ent.&'LLABU&1. LE$AL AN( JU(ICIAL E"#IC&) PRAC"ICE O* LA+, MEANIN$ AN( E"EN"O*. - Pr/ti/e o0 2 en! n4 /tiit4, in or out o0 /ourt, 2i/ re6uire! te

ppi/tion o0 2, e pro/e%ure!, 8no2e%e, trinin n% eperien/e. "o ene inte pr/ti/e o0 2 i! to per0or to!e /t! 2i/ re /r/teri!ti/ o0 te pro0e!!ion.$ener4, to pr/ti/e 2 i! to ie %i/e or ren%er n4 8in% o0 !eri/e tt inoe!e 8no2e%e or !8i. "e pr/ti/e o0 2 i! not iite% to te /on%u/t o0 /!e! in/ourt. It in/u%e! e %i/e n% /oun!e, n% te preprtion o0 e in!truent! n%/ontr/t! :4 2i/ e rit! re !e/ure%, tou !u/ tter 4 or 4 not :epen%in in /ourt. In te pr/ti/e o0 i! pro0e!!ion, i/en!e% ttorne4 t 2 ener4ene! in tree prin/ip t4pe! o0 pro0e!!ion /tiit4; e %i/e n% in!tru/tion! to/ient! to in0or te o0 teir rit! n% o:ition!, preprtion 0or /ient! o0 %o/uent!re6uirin 8no2e%e o0 e prin/ipe! not po!!e!!e% :4 or%inr4 4n, n%ppern/e 0or /ient! :e0ore pu:i/ tri:un! 2i/ po!!e!! po2er n% utorit4 to%eterine rit! o0 i0e, i:ert4, n% propert4 //or%in to 2, in or%er to !!i!t in proper

interprettion n% en0or/eent o0 2. +en per!on prti/ipte! in tri n%%erti!e! i!e0 ! 24er, e i! in te pr/ti/e o0 2. One 2o /on0er! 2it /ient!,%i!e! te ! to teir e rit! n% ten t8e! te :u!ine!! to n ttorne4 n% !8!te tter to oo8 0ter te /!e in /ourt, i! !o pr/ti/in 2. $iin %i/e 0or/open!tion rer%in te e !ttu! n% rit! o0 noter n% te /on%u/t 2itre!pe/t tereto /on!titute! pr/ti/e o0 2. One 2o ren%er! n opinion ! to teproper interprettion o0 !ttute, n% re/eie! p4 0or it, i!, to tt etent, pr/ti/in 2.<. I(.) I(.) LE$AL &UPPOR" &ER=ICE& IN CA&E A" BAR CON&"I"U"EPRAC"ICE O* LA+. - "e pr/ti/e o0 2, tere0ore, /oer! 2i%e rne o0 /tiitie!in n% out o0 /ourt. App4in te 0oreentione% /riteri to te /!e t :r, 2e ree

2it te per/eptie 0in%in! n% o:!ertion! o0 te 0ore!tte% :r !!o/ition! tt te/tiitie! o0 re!pon%ent, ! %erti!e%, /on!titute >pr/ti/e o0 2.> "e /ontention o0

re!pon%ent tt it ere4 o00er! e !upport !eri/e! /n neiter :e !eriou!4/on!i%ere% nor !u!tine%. &i% propo!ition i! :eie% :4 re!pon%ent?! o2n %e!/ription o0te !eri/e! it ! :een o00erin, to 2it; . . . +ie !oe o0 te !eri/e! :ein o00ere% :4re!pon%ent /orportion ere4 inoe e/ni/ n% te/ni/ 8no2@o2, !u/ ! tein!ttion o0 /oputer !4!te! n% pror! 0or te e00i/ient neent o0 2o00i/e!, or te /oputerition o0 re!er/ i%! n% teri!, te!e 2i not !u00i/e to

u!ti04 n e/eption to te ener rue. +t i! pp:4 /er i! tt re!pon%ent/orportion ie! out e in0ortion to 4en n% 24er!. It! /ontention tt !u/0un/tion i! non@%i!or4 n% non@%ino!ti/ i! ore pprent tn re. In proi%inin0ortion, 0or epe, :out 0orein 2! on rrie, %ior/e n% %opttion, it!trin! te /re%uit4 o0 ti! Court tt tt re!pon%ent /orportion 2i !ip4 %o i!oo8 0or te 2, 0urni! /op4 tereo0 to te /ient, n% !top tere ! i0 it 2ere ere4

:oo8!tore. +it it! ttorne4! n% !o /e% pre!, it 2i ne/e!!ri4 e to epinto te /ient te intri//ie! o0 te 2 n% %i!e i or er on te proper /our!e o0/tion to :e t8en ! 4 :e proi%e% 0or :4 !i% 2. "t i! 2t it! %erti!eent!repre!ent n% 0or 2i/ !eri/e! it 2i /on!e6uent4 /re n% :e pi%. "t /tiit40! !6ure4 2itin te uri!pru%enti %e0inition o0 >pr/ti/e o0 2.> &u/ /on/u!ion

2i not :e tere% :4 te 0/t tt re!pon%ent /orportion %oe! not repre!ent /ient! in/ourt !in/e 2 pr/ti/e, ! te 2eit o0 utorit4 o%!, i! not iite% ere4 to /ourtppern/e! :ut eten%! to e re!er/, iin e %i/e, /ontr/t %r0tin, n% !o0ort. "e 0ore!i% /on/u!ion i! 0urter !trentene% :4 n rti/e pu:i!e% in te



Jnur4 13, 1991 i!!ue o0 te &tr2ee8"e &un%4 Mine o0 te Piippine &tr,entite% >R 0or Le Pro:e!,> 2ere n in!it into te !tru/ture, in purpo!e n%opertion! o0 re!pon%ent /orportion 2! ien :4 it! o2n >proprietor,> Att4. Roeio P.Noe!; . . .3. I(.) I(.) I(.) PARALE$AL OR LE$AL A&&I&"AN") CONCEP" IN "#E UNI"E(&"A"E&. - Pre! in te Unite% &tte! re trine% pro0e!!ion!. A! %itte% :4

re!pon%ent, tere re !/oo! n% unier!itie! tere 2i/ o00er !tu%ie! n% %eree! inpre e%u/tion, 2ie tere re none in te Piippine!. A! te /on/ept o0 te>pre> or >e !!i!tnt> eoe% in te Unite% &tte!, !tn%r%! n% ui%eine!!o eoe% to prote/t te ener pu:i/. One o0 te or !tn%r%! or ui%eine! 2!%eeope% :4 te Aeri/n Br A!!o/ition 2i/ !et up $ui%eine! 0or te Appro o0Le A!!i!tnt E%u/tion Pror! D1973. Lei!tion ! een :een propo!e% to/erti04 e !!i!tnt!. "ere re !o !!o/ition! o0 pre! in te Unite% &tte!

2it teir o2n /o%e o0 pro0e!!ion eti/!, !u/ ! te Ntion A!!o/ition o0 LeA!!i!tnt!, In/. n% te Aeri/n Pre A!!o/ition.F. I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) CONCEP" IN "#E P#ILIPPINE&. - In te Piippine!, 2e !tie re!tri/te% /on/ept n% iite% //eptn/e o0 2t 4 :e /on!i%ere% !pre !eri/e. A! pointe% out :4 *I(A, !oe per!on! not %u4 i/en!e% to pr/ti/e

2 re or e :een o2e% iite% repre!enttion in :e0 o0 noter or to ren%ere !eri/e!, :ut !u/ o2:e !eri/e! re iite% in !/ope n% etent :4 te 2,rue! or reution! rntin peri!!ion tere0or. DIu!trtion!; . . .5. I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) P#ILIPPINE JU(ICIAL POLIC' ON PARALE$AL. - +e eto ne/e!!ri4 n% %e0inite4 ree/t re!pon%ent?! po!ition tt te /on/ept in te Unite%&tte! o0 pre! ! n o//uption !eprte 0ro te 2 pro0e!!ion :e %opte% inti! uri!%i/tion. +teer 4 :e it! erit!, re!pon%ent /nnot :ut :e 2re tt ti!!ou% 0ir!t :e tter 0or u%i/i rue! or ei!tie /tion, n% not o0 uniter%option ! it ! %one. . . . A//or%in4, 2e e %opte% te Aeri/n u%i/i poi/4tt, in te :!en/e o0 /on!titution or !ttutor4 utorit4, per!on 2o ! not :een%itte% ! n ttorne4 /nnot pr/ti/e 2 0or te proper %ini!trtion o0 u!ti/e/nnot :e in%ere% :4 te un2rrnte% intru!ion o0 n unutorie% n% un!8ie%

per!on into te pr/ti/e o0 2. "t poi/4 !ou% /ontinue to :e one o0 en/ourinper!on! 2o re un!ure o0 teir e rit! n% ree%ie! to !ee8 e !!i!tn/e on40ro per!on! i/en!e% to pr/ti/e 2 in te !tte.G. I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) PRAC"ICE O* LA+ IN CA&E A" BAR CANNO" BEPER*ORME( B' PARALE$AL&) REA&ON. - It !ou% :e note% tt in our uri!%i/tionte !eri/e! :ein o00ere% :4 prite re!pon%ent 2i/ /on!titute pr/ti/e o0 2 /nnot:e per0ore% :4 pre!. On4 per!on %u4 %itte% ! e:er o0 te :r, orere0ter %itte% ! !u/ in //or%n/e 2it te proi!ion! o0 te Rue! o0 Court, n%

2o i! in oo% n% reur !tn%in, i! entite% to pr/ti/e 2. . . .7. I(.) A(=ER"I&EMEN" B' LA+'ER) RULE. - Anent te i!!ue on te i%it4 o0te 6ue!tione% %erti!eent!, te Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4 proi%e! tt 24er in 8in 8no2n i! e !eri/e! ! u!e on4 true, one!t, 0ir, %ini0ie% n%

o:e/tie in0ortion or !tteent o0 0/t!. #e i! not !uppo!e% to u!e or perit te u!eo0 n4 0!e, 0ru%uent, i!e%in, %e/eptie, un%ini0ie%, !e0@u%tor4 or un0ir!tteent or /i rer%in i! 6ui0i/tion! or e !eri/e!. Nor ! e p4 or ie!oetin o0 ue to repre!enttie! o0 te !! e%i in nti/iption o0, or in return0or, pu:i/it4 to ttr/t e :u!ine!!. Prior to te %option o0 te Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ionRe!pon!i:iit4, te Cnon! o0 Pro0e!!ion Eti/! % !o 2rne% tt 24er! !ou%not re!ort to in%ire/t %erti!eent! 0or pro0e!!ion epo4ent, !u/ ! 0urni!in orin!pirin ne2!pper /oent!, or pro/urin i! potorp to :e pu:i!e% in/onne/tion 2it /u!e! in 2i/ te 24er ! :een or i! ene% or /on/ernin te



nner o0 teir /on%u/t, te nitu%e o0 te intere!t inoe%, te iportn/e o0 te24er?! po!ition, n% oter i8e !e0@u%tion.H. I(.) I(.) I(.) C#ARAC"ER AN( CON(UC" A& BE&" A(=ER"I&EMEN". - +erepet, te /non! o0 te pro0e!!ion te u! tt te :e!t %erti!in po!!i:e 0or 24eri! 2e@erite% reputtion 0or pro0e!!ion /p/it4 n% 0i%eit4 to tru!t, 2i/ u!t :eerne% ! te out/oe o0 /r/ter n% /on%u/t. $oo% n% e00i/ient !eri/e to /ient

! 2e ! to te /ounit4 ! 24 o0 pu:i/iin it!e0 n% /t/in pu:i/ ttention."t pu:i/it4 i! nor :4@pro%u/t o0 e00e/tie !eri/e 2i/ i! rit n% proper. Aoo% n% reput:e 24er nee%! no rti0i/i !tiuu! to enerte it n% to ni04 i!!u//e!!. #e e!i4 !ee! te %i00eren/e :et2een nor :4@pro%u/t o0 :e !eri/e n%te un2oe!oe re!ut o0 propn%.9. I(.) I(.) I(.) PRO#IBI"ION ON A(=ER"I&EMEN" O* "ALEN" OR &ILL. -"e !tn%r%! o0 te e pro0e!!ion /on%en te 24er?! %erti!eent o0 i! tent!.A 24er /nnot, 2itout iotin te eti/! o0 i! pro0e!!ion, %erti!e i! tent! or!8i! ! in nner !iir to er/nt %erti!in i! oo%!. "e pro!/riptionin!t %erti!in o0 e !eri/e! or !oi/ittion o0 e :u!ine!! re!t! on te0un%ent po!tute tt te pr/ti/e o0 2 i! pro0e!!ion. . . .1. I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) ECEP"ION&. - "e 0ir!t o0 !u/ e/eption! i! te pu:i/tion

in reput:e 2 i!t!, in nner /on!i!tent 2it te !tn%r%! o0 /on%u/t ipo!e% :4te /non!, o0 :rie0 :iorpi/ n% in0ortie %t. >&u/ %t u!t not :ei!e%in n% 4 in/u%e on4 !tteent o0 te 24er?! ne n% te ne! o0 i!pro0e!!ion !!o/ite!) %%re!!e!, teepone nu:er!, /:e %%re!!e!) :rn/e! o02 pr/ti/e%) %te n% p/e o0 :irt n% %i!!ion to te :r) !/oo! tten%e% 2it%te! o0 r%ution, %eree! n% oter e%u/tion %i!tin/tion) pu:i/ or 6u!i@pu:i/o00i/e!) po!t! o0 onor) e utor!ip!) e te/in po!ition!) e:er!ip! n%o00i/e! in :r !!o/ition! n% /oittee! tereo0, in e n% !/ienti0i/ !o/ietie! n%e 0rternitie!) te 0/t o0 i!tin! in oter reput:e 2 i!t!) te ne! n% %%re!!e!o0 re0eren/e!) n%, 2it teir 2ritten /on!ent, te ne! o0 /ient! reur4repre!ente%.> . . . "e u!e o0 n or%inr4 !ipe pro0e!!ion /r% i! !o peritte%. "e/r% 4 /ontin on4 !tteent o0 i! ne, te ne o0 te 2 0ir 2i/ e i!

/onne/te% 2it, %%re!!, teepone nu:er n% !pe/i :rn/ o0 2 pr/ti/e%. "epu:i/tion o0 !ipe nnoun/eent o0 te openin o0 2 0ir or o0 /ne! in teprtner!ip, !!o/ite!, 0ir ne or o00i/e %%re!!, :ein 0or te /onenien/e o0 tepro0e!!ion, i! not o:e/tion:e. #e 4 i8e2i!e e i! ne i!te% in teepone%ire/tor4 :ut not un%er %e!intion o0 !pe/i :rn/ o0 2.11. I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) REKUIREMEN" *OR LA+ LI&". - "e 2 i!t u!t :e reput:e 2 i!t pu:i!e% priri4 0or tt purpo!e) it /nnot :e ere !uppeent0eture o0 pper, ine, tr%e ourn or perio%i/ 2i/ i! pu:i!e% prin/ip4 0oroter purpo!e!. *or tt re!on, 24er 4 not proper4 pu:i! i! :rie0 :iorpi/n% in0ortie %t in %i4 pper, ine, tr%e ourn or !o/iet4 pror. Nor4 24er perit i! ne to :e pu:i!e% in 2 i!t te /on%u/t, neent or/ontent! o0 2i/ re //ute% or i8e4 to %e/eie or inure te pu:i/ or te :r, or to

o2er te %init4 or !tn%in o0 te pro0e!!ion.1<. I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) CA&E A" BAR. - =eri4, t8in into /on!i%ertion tenture n% /ontent! o0 te %erti!eent! 0or 2i/ re!pon%ent i! :ein t8en to t!8,

2i/ een in/u%e! 6uottion o0 te 0ee! /re% :4 !i% re!pon%ent /orportion 0or!eri/e! ren%ere%, 2e 0in% n% !o o% tt te !e %e0inite4 %o not n% /on/u!ie4/nnot 0 un%er n4 o0 te :oe@entione% e/eption!.13. I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) I(.) ECEP"ION IN BA"E&, E" AL. !. &"A"E BAR O*ARIONA DF33 U.&. 35, 53 L E% <% H1, 97 & Ct. <G91 A& "O PUBLICA"ION O*LE$AL *EE&, NO" APPLICABLE) REA&ON&. - "e ruin in te /!e o0 Bte!, et .



!. &tte Br o0 Arion, 2i/ i! repete%4 ino8e% n% /on!titute! te u!ti0i/tionreie% upon :4 re!pon%ent, i! o:iou!4 not ppi/:e to te /!e t :r. *oreo!t i! te0/t tt te %i!/ipinr4 rue inoe% in !i% /!e epi/it4 o2! 24er, ! ne/eption to te proi:ition in!t %erti!eent! :4 24er!, to pu:i! !tteent o0e 0ee! 0or n initi /on!uttion or te i:iit4 upon re6ue!t o0 2ritten !/e%ueo0 0ee! or n e!tite o0 te 0ee to :e /re% 0or te !pe/i0i/ !eri/e!. No !u/

e/eption i! proi%e% 0or, epre!!4 or ipie%4, 2eter in our 0orer Cnon! o0Pro0e!!ion Eti/! or te pre!ent Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4. Be!i%e!, eente %i!/ipinr4 rue in te Bte! /!e /ontin! proi!o tt te e/eption! !tte%terein re >not ppi/:e in n4 !tte une!! n% unti it i! ipeente% :4 !u/utorit4 in tt !tte.> "i! oe! to !o2 tt n e/eption to te ener rue, !u/ !tt :ein ino8e% :4 erein re!pon%ent, /n :e %e on4 i0 n% 2en te /non!epre!!4 proi%e 0or !u/ n e/eption. Oter2i!e, te proi:ition !tn%!, ! in te/!e t :r. It :er! ention tt in !ure4 /on%u/te% :4 te Aeri/n BrA!!o/ition 0ter te %e/i!ion in Bte!, on te ttitu%e o0 te pu:i/ :out 24er! 0terie2in teei!ion /oer/i!, it 2! 0oun% tt pu:i/ opinion %roppe% !ini0i/nt4

2it re!pe/t to te!e /r/teri!ti/! o0 24er!; . . . &e/on%4, it i! our 0ir :eie0 tt 2it te pre!ent !itution o0 our e n% u%i/i !4!te!, to o2 te pu:i/tion o0

%erti!eent! o0 te 8in% u!e% :4 re!pon%ent 2ou% on4 !ere to rte 2t i!re%4 %eteriortin pu:i/ opinion o0 te e pro0e!!ion 2o!e interit4 !/on!i!tent4 :een un%er tt/8 te4 :4 e%i n% te /ounit4 in ener. At ti!point in tie, it i! o0 uto!t iportn/e in te 0/e o0 !u/ netie, een i0 un0ir,/riti/i!! t tie!, to %opt n% intin tt ee o0 pro0e!!ion /on%u/t 2i/ i!:e4on% repro/, n% to eert e00ort! to rein te i e!tee 0orer4 //or%e% tote e pro0e!!ion.R E & O L U " I O NRE$ALA(O, J p;Petitioner pr4! ti! Court >to or%er te re!pon%ent to /e!e n% %e!i!t 0ro i!!uin%erti!eent! !iir to or o0 te !e tenor ! tt o0 Annee! A? n% B? Do0 !i%petition n% to perpetu4 proi:it per!on! or entitie! 0ro 8in %erti!eent!

pertinin to te eer/i!e o0 te 2 pro0e!!ion oter tn to!e o2e% :4 2.> /%rep"e %erti!eent! /opine% o0 :4 erein petitioner re ! 0oo2!;Anne A&ECRE" MARRIA$EP5G. 0or i% rrie.In0o on (I=ORCE. AB&ENCE.ANNULMEN". =I&A."#E Pe!e /; 5<1@7G7,LE$AL5<17<3<, 5<<<F1CLINIC, INC. H;3 @G; p

7@*r. =i/tori B%. UN Ae., M.Anne B

$UAM (I=ORCE(ON PARIN&ONn Attorne4 in $u, i! iin *REE BOO& on $u (ior/e trou "e LeCini/ :einnin Mon%4 to *ri%4 %urin o00i/e our!.$u %ior/e. Annuent o0 Mrrie. Iirtion Pro:e!, =i! Et. KuotNon@6uot Re!. &pe/i Retiree?! =i!. (e/rtion o0 A:!en/e. Rerrie to *iipin*in/ee!. A%option. Ine!tent in te Pi. U&*orein =i! 0or *iipin&pou!eCi%ren. C Mrii/."#E 7 * =i/tori B%. F<9 UN Ae.



LE$ALErit, Mni nr. U& E:!!4CLINIC, INC. 1 "e. 5<1@7<3<5<1@7<51

5<<@<F1) 5<1@7G7It i! te !u:i!!ion o0 petitioner tt te %erti!eent! :oe repro%u/e% re/pertou!, uneti/, %eenin o0 te 2 pro0e!!ion, n% %e!tru/tie o0 te/on0i%en/e o0 te /ounit4 in te interit4 o0 te e:er! o0 te :r n% tt, !

e:er o0 te e pro0e!!ion, e i! !e% n% o00en%e% :4 te !i%%erti!eent!, en/e te reie0! !out in i! petition ! erein :e0ore 6uote%. /%piIn it! n!2er to te petition, re!pon%ent %it! te 0/t o0 pu:i/tion o0 !i%%erti!eent! t it! in!tn/e, :ut /i! tt it i! not ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2 :utin te ren%erin o0 >e !upport !eri/e!> trou pre! 2it te u!e o0 o%ern/oputer! n% ee/troni/ /ine!. Re!pon%ent 0urter rue! tt !!uin tt te!eri/e! %erti!e% re e !eri/e!, te /t o0 %erti!in te!e !eri/e! !ou% :eo2e% !uppo!e%4 in te it o0 te /!e o0 Jon R. Bte! n% =n O?&teen !. &tteBr o0 Arion, < reporte%4 %e/i%e% :4 te Unite% &tte! &upree Court on June 7,1977.Con!i%erin te /riti/ ipi/tion! on te e pro0e!!ion o0 te i!!ue! ri!e% erein,

2e re6uire% te D1 Interte% Br o0 te Piippine! DIBP, D< Piippine Br A!!o/ition

DPBA, D3 Piippine L24er!? A!!o/ition DPLA, DF U.P. +oen L24er!? Cir/eD+ILOCI, D5 +oen L24er! A!!o/ition o0 te Piippine! D+LAP, n% DG*e%ertion Interntion %e A:o%! D*I(A to !u:it teir re!pe/tie po!ition pper!on te /ontroer!4 n%, tere0ter, teir eorn%. 3 "e !i% :r !!o/ition!re%i4 re!pon%e% n% eten%e% teir u:e !eri/e! n% /oopertion o0 2i/ ti!Court t8e! note 2it ppre/ition n% rtitu%e."e in i!!ue! po!e% 0or re!oution :e0ore te Court re 2eter or not te !eri/e!o00ere% :4 re!pon%ent, "e Le Cini/, In/., ! %erti!e% :4 it /on!titute! pr/ti/e o02 n%, in eiter /!e, 2eter te !e /n proper4 :e te !u:e/t o0 te%erti!eent! erein /opine% o0. /%piBe0ore pro/ee%in 2it n in@%ept n4!i! o0 te erit! o0 ti! /!e, 2e %ee it propern% enitenin to pre!ent ereun%er e/erpt! 0ro te re!pe/tie po!ition pper!

%opte% :4 te 0oreentione% :r !!o/ition! n% te eorn% !u:itte% :4 teon te i!!ue! inoe% in ti! :r tter.1. Interte% Br o0 te Piippine!; Not2it!tn%in te !u:te nner :4 2i/ re!pon%ent en%eore% to %i!tinui! tet2o ter!, i.e., >e !upport !eri/e!> i!@@i! >e !eri/e!>, /oon !en!e 2ou%re%i4 %i/tte tt te !e re e!!enti4 2itout !u:!tnti %i!tin/tion. *or 2o /ou%%en4 tt %o/uent !er/, ei%en/e terin, !!i!tn/e to 4n in nee% o0 :!i/in!titution !eri/e! 0ro oernent or non@oernent en/ie! i8e :irt, rrie,propert4, or :u!ine!! rei!trtion, o:tinin %o/uent! i8e /ern/e, p!!port!, o/or 0orein i!!, /on!titute pr/ti/e o0 2

"e Interte% Br o0 te Piippine! DIBP %oe! not 2i! to 8e i!!ue 2itre!pon%ent?! 0orein /ittion!. &u00i/e it to !tte tt te IBP ! %e it! po!itionni0e!t, to 2it, tt it !tron4 oppo!e! te ie2 e!pou!e% :4 re!pon%ent Dto te e00e/ttt to%4 it i! rit to %erti!e one?! e !eri/e!."e IBP //or%in4 %e/re! in no un/ertin ter! it! oppo!ition to re!pon%ent?! /t o0e!t:i!in >e /ini/> n% o0 /on/oitnt4 %erti!in te !e troune2!pper pu:i/tion!.



"e IBP 2ou% tere0ore ino8e te %ini!trtie !uperi!ion o0 ti! #onor:e Court toperpetu4 re!trin re!pon%ent 0ro un%ert8in i4 uneti/ /tiitie! in te 0ie% o02 pr/ti/e ! 0ore%e!/ri:e% F . A. "e u!e o0 te ne >"e Le Cini/, In/.> ie! te ipre!!ion ttre!pon%ent /orportion i! :ein operte% :4 24er! n% tt it ren%er! e !eri/e!.

+ie te re!pon%ent repete%4 %enie! tt it o00er! e !eri/e! to te pu:i/, te%erti!eent! in 6ue!tion ie te ipre!!ion tt re!pon%ent i! o00erin e !eri/e!."e Petition in 0/t !ip4 !!ue! ti! to :e !o, ! erier entione%, pprent4:e/u!e ti! Di! te e00e/t tt te %erti!eent! e on te re%in pu:i/."e ipre!!ion /rete% :4 te %erti!eent! in 6ue!tion /n :e tr/e%, 0ir!t o0 , tote er4 ne :ein u!e% :4 re!pon%ent - >"e Le Cini/, In/.> &u/ ne, it i!re!pe/t0u4 !u:itte% /onnote! te ren%erin o0 e !eri/e! 0or e pro:e!, u!ti8e e%i/ /ini/ /onnote! e%i/ !eri/e! 0or e%i/ pro:e!. More iportnt4,te ter >Le Cini/> /onnote! 24er!, ! te ter e%i/ /ini/ /onnote! %o/tor!.*urterore, te re!pon%ent?! ne, ! pu:i!e% in te %erti!eent! !u:e/t o0 tepre!ent /!e, pper! 2it Dte !/eD! o0 u!ti/e, 2i/ te ore rein0or/e! teipre!!ion tt it i! :ein operte% :4 e:er! o0 te :r n% tt it o00er! e

!eri/e!. In %%ition, te %erti!eent! in 6ue!tion pper 2it pi/ture n% ne o0 per!on :ein repre!ente% ! 24er 0ro $u, n% ti! pr/ti/4 reoe! 2teer%ou:t 4 !ti rein ! to te nture o0 te !eri/e or !eri/e! :ein o00ere%.It tu! :e/oe! irreent 2eter re!pon%ent i! ere4 o00erin >e !upport !eri/e!>! /ie% :4 it, or 2eter it o00er! e !eri/e! ! n4 24er /tie4 ene% in 2pr/ti/e %oe!. An% it :e/oe! unne/e!!r4 to 8e %i!tin/tion :et2een >e!eri/e!> n% >e !upport !eri/e!,> ! te re!pon%ent 2ou% e it. "e%erti!eent! in 6ue!tion ee no roo 0or %ou:t in te in%! o0 te re%in pu:i/tt e !eri/e! re :ein o00ere% :4 24er!, 2eter true or not.B. "e %erti!eent! in 6ue!tion re ent to in%u/e te per0orn/e o0 /t!/ontrr4 to 2, or!, pu:i/ or%er n% pu:i/ poi/4.It 4 :e /on/e%e% tt, ! te re!pon%ent /i!, te %erti!eent! in 6ue!tion re

on4 ent to in0or te ener pu:i/ o0 te !eri/e! :ein o00ere% :4 it. &i%%erti!eent!, o2eer, ep!ie $u %ior/e, n% n4 2 !tu%ent out to8no2 tt un%er te *i4 Co%e, tere i! on4 one in!tn/e 2en 0orein %ior/e, i!re/onie%, n% tt i!;Arti/e <G. . . .+ere rrie :et2een *iipino /itien n% 0oreiner i! i%4 /ee:rte% n% %ior/e i! tere0ter i%4 o:tine% :ro% :4 te ien !pou!e /p/ittin i or erto rerr4, te *iipino !pou!e ! e /p/it4 to rerr4 un%er Piippine L2.It u!t not :e 0orotten, too, tt te *i4 Co%e D%e0ine! rrie ! 0oo2!;Arti/e 1. Mrrie i! !pe/i /ontr/t o0 pernent union :et2een n n%

2on entere% into in //or%n/e 2it 2 0or te e!t:i!ent o0 /onu n% 0i4i0e. It i! te 0oun%tion o0 te 0i4 n% n inio:e !o/i in!titution 2o!e nture,

/on!e6uen/e!, n% in/i%ent! re oerne% :4 2 n% not !u:e/t to !tipution, e/epttt rrie !etteent! 4 0i te propert4 retion %urin te rrie 2itin teiit! proi%e% :4 ti! Co%e.B4 !ip4 re%in te 6ue!tione% %erti!eent!, it i! o:iou! tt te e!!e :ein/one4e% i! tt *iipino! /n oi% te e /on!e6uen/e! o0 rrie /ee:rte% in//or%n/e 2it our 2, :4 !ip4 oin to $u 0or %ior/e. "i! i! not on4i!e%in, :ut en/oure!, or !ere! to in%u/e, iotion o0 Piippine 2. At te er4e!t, ti! /n :e /on!i%ere% >te %r8 !i%e> o0 e pr/ti/e, 2ere /ertin %e0e/t! in



Piippine 2! re epoite% 0or te !8e o0 pro0it. At 2or!t, ti! i! outrit pr/ti/e.Li:LeRue 1.<. - A 24er ! not /oun!e or :et /tiitie! ie% t %e0in/e o0 te 2 ort e!!enin /on0i%en/e in te e !4!te.In %%ition, it 4 !o :e reent to point out tt %erti!eent! !u/ ! tt !o2nin Anne >A> o0 te Petition, 2i/ /ontin! /rtoon o0 otor ei/e 2it te 2or%!

>Ju!t Mrrie%> on it! :uper n% !ee! to %%re!! to!e pnnin >!e/ret rrie,>i0 not !ue!tin >!e/ret rrie,> 8e! it o0 te >!pe/i /ontr/t o0 pernentunion,> te inio:e !o/i in!titution,> 2i/ i! o2 te *i4 Co%e %e!/ri:e!rrie, o:iou!4 to ep!ie it! !n/tit4 n% inio:iit4. +or!e, ti! prti/ur%erti!eent pper! to en/oure rrie! /ee:rte% in !e/re/4, 2i/ i!!ue!tie o0 ior pu:i/tion o0 ppi/tion! 0or rrie i/en!e. LLprI0 te rti/e >R 0or Le Pro:e!> i! to :e reie2e%, it /n re%i4 :e /on/u%e% ttte :oe ipre!!ion! one 4 ter 0ro te %erti!eent! in 6ue!tion re//urte. "e &ron Cunet@$::4 Con/ep/ion epe one /on0ir! 2t te%erti!eent! !ue!t. #ere it /n :e !een tt /riin /t! re :ein en/oure% or/oitte% D :iou! rrie in #on on or L! =e! 2it ipunit4 !ip4:e/u!e te uri!%i/tion o0 Piippine /ourt! %oe! not eten% to te p/e 2ere te

/rie i! /oitte%.Een i0 it :e !!ue%, ruen%o, tt te >e !upport !eri/e!> re!pon%ent o00er! %onot /on!titute e !eri/e! ! /oon4 un%er!too%, te %erti!eent! in 6ue!tionie te ipre!!ion tt re!pon%ent /orportion i! :ein operte% :4 24er! n% tt ito00er! e !eri/e!, ! erier %i!/u!!e%. "u!, te on4 oi/ /on!e6uen/e i! tt, inte e4e! o0 n or%inr4 ne2!pper re%er, e:er! o0 te :r te!ee! reen/ourin or in%u/in te per0orn/e o0 /t! 2i/ re /ontrr4 to 2, or!, oo%/u!to! n% te pu:i/ oo%, tere:4 %e!tro4in n% %eenin te interit4 o0 te Br. It i! re!pe/t0u4 !u:itte% tt re!pon%ent !ou% :e enoine% 0ro /u!in tepu:i/tion o0 te %erti!eent! in 6ue!tion, or n4 oter %erti!eent! !iirtereto. It i! !o !u:itte% tt re!pon%ent !ou% :e proi:ite% 0ro 0urter per0orin

or o00erin !oe o0 te !eri/e! it pre!ent4 o00er!, or, t te er4 e!t, 0ro o00erin!u/ !eri/e! to te pu:i/ in ener."e IBP i! 2re o0 te 0/t tt proi%in /oputerie% e re!er/, ee/troni/ %tterin, !tore n% retrie, !tn%r%ie% e 0or!, ine!titor! 0or terin o0ei%en/e, n% i8e !eri/e! 2i ret4 :ene0it te e pro0e!!ion n% !ou% not :e!ti0e% :ut in!te% en/oure%. #o2eer, 2en te /on%u/t o0 !u/ :u!ine!! :4 non@e:er! o0 te Br en/ro/e! upon te pr/ti/e o0 2, tere /n :e no /oi/e :ut toproi:it !u/ :u!ine!!.A%itte%4, n4 o0 te !eri/e! inoe% in te /!e t :r /n :e :etter per0ore% :4!pe/ii!t! in oter 0ie%!, !u/ ! /oputer epert!, 2o :4 re!on o0 teir in%eote% tie n% e00ort e/u!ie4 to !u/ 0ie% /nnot 0u0i te e/tin re6uireent!0or %i!!ion to te Br. "o proi:it te 0ro >en/ro/in> upon te e pro0e!!ion

2i %en4 te pro0e!!ion o0 te ret :ene0it! n% %nte! o0 o%ern te/noo4.In%ee%, 24er u!in /oputer 2i :e %oin :etter tn 24er u!in t4pe2riter,een i0 :ot re De6u in !8i.Bot te Ben/ n% te Br, o2eer, !ou% :e /re0u not to o2 or toerte teie pr/ti/e o0 2 in n4 0or, not on4 0or te prote/tion o0 e:er! o0 te Br :ut!o, n% ore iportnt4, 0or te prote/tion o0 te pu:i/. "e/nooi/ %eeopentin te pro0e!!ion 4 :e en/oure% 2itout toertin, :ut in!te% en!urin preentiono0, ie pr/ti/e.



"ere it :e notin o:e/tion:e i0 re!pon%ent i! o2e% to per0or o0 it!!eri/e!, :ut on4 i0 !u/ !eri/e! re %e i:e e/u!ie4 to e:er! o0 teBen/ n% Br. Re!pon%ent 2ou% ten :e o00erin te/ni/ !!i!tn/e, not e!eri/e!. Aterntie4, te ore %i00i/ut t!8 o0 /re0u4 %i!tinui!in :et2een 2i/!eri/e 4 :e o00ere% to te pu:i/ in ener n% 2i/ !ou% :e %e i:ee/u!ie4 to e:er! o0 te Br 4 :e un%ert8en. "i!, o2eer, 4 re6uire

0urter pro/ee%in! :e/u!e o0 te 0/tu /on!i%ertion! inoe%.It u!t :e ep!ie%, o2eer, tt !oe o0 re!pon%ent?! !eri/e! out to :eproi:ite% outrit, !u/ ! /t! 2i/ ten% to !ue!t or in%u/e /ee:rtion :ro% o0rrie! 2i/ re :iou! or oter2i!e ie n% oi% un%er Piippine 2. +iere!pon%ent 4 not :e proi:ite% 0ro !ip4 %i!!eintin in0ortion rer%in !u/tter!, it u!t :e re6uire% to in/u%e, in te in0ortion ien, %i!/ier tt it i! notutorie% to pr/ti/e 2, tt /ertin /our!e o0 /tion 4 :e ie un%er Piippine2, tt it i! not utorie% or /p:e o0 ren%erin e opinion, tt 24er !ou%:e /on!ute% :e0ore %e/i%in on 2i/ /our!e o0 /tion to t8e, n% tt it /nnotre/oen% n4 prti/ur 24er 2itout !u:e/tin it!e0 to po!!i:e !n/tion! 0or iepr/ti/e o0 2.I0 re!pon%ent i! o2e% to %erti!e, %erti!in !ou% :e %ire/te% e/u!ie4 t

e:er! o0 te Br, 2it /er n% uni!t8:e %i!/ier tt it i! not utorie% topr/ti/e 2 or per0or e !eri/e!. /%rep"e :ene0it! o0 :ein !!i!te% :4 pre! /nnot :e inore%. But no:o%4 !ou% :eo2e% to repre!ent i!e0 ! >pre> 0or pro0it, 2itout !u/ ter :ein /er4%e0ine% :4 rue or reution, n% 2itout n4 %e6ute n% e00e/tie en! o0reutin i! /tiitie!. A!o, 2 pr/ti/e in /orporte 0or 4 proe to :e%nteou! to te e pro0e!!ion, :ut :e0ore o2n/e o0 !u/ pr/ti/e 4 :e/on!i%ere%, te /orportion?! Arti/e! o0 In/orportion n% B4@2! u!t /on0or to e/n% eer4 proi!ion o0 te Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4 n% te Rue! o0 Court 5<. Piippine Br A!!o/ition; Re!pon%ent !!ert! tt it >i! not ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2 :ut ene% in iin

e !upport !eri/e! to 24er! n% 4en, trou eperien/e% pre!, 2it teu!e o0 o%ern /oputer! n% ee/troni/ /ine!> Dpr!. < n% 3, Coent. "i! i!:!ur%. Un6ue!tion:4, re!pon%ent?! /t! o0 o%in out it!e0 to te pu:i/ un%er tetr%e ne >"e Le Cini/, In/.,> n% !oi/itin epo4ent 0or it! enuerte%!eri/e! 0 2itin te re o0 pr/ti/e 2i/ tu! 4ie%! it!e0 to te reutor4po2er! o0 te &upree Court. *or re!pon%ent to !4 tt it i! ere4 ene% inpre 2or8 i! to !tret/ /re%uit4. Re!pon%ent?! o2n /oer/i %erti!eent

2i/ nnoun/e! /ertin Att4. (on Per8in!on to :e n%in te 0ie%! o0 2 :eie! it!preten!e. *ro in%i/tion!, re!pon%ent >"e Le Cini/, In/.> i! o00erin n%ren%erin e !eri/e! trou it! re!ere o0 24er!. It ! :een e% tt te pr/ti/eo0 2 i! not iite% to te /on%u/t o0 /!e! in /ourt, :ut in/u%e! %r2in o0 %ee%!,in/orportion, ren%erin opinion!, n% %i!in /ient! ! to teir e rit! n% ten

t8e te to n ttorne4 n% !8 te tter to oo8 0ter teir /!e in /ourt D&ee Mrtin,Le n% Ju%i/i Eti/!, 19FH e%., p. 39.It i! pt to re/ tt on4 ntur per!on! /n ene in te pr/ti/e o0 2, n% !u/iittion /nnot :e e%e% :4 /orportion epo4in /opetent 24er! to pr/ti/e0or it. O:iou!4, ti! i! te !/ee or %ei/e :4 2i/ re!pon%ent >"e Le Cini/,In/.> o%! out it!e0 to te pu:i/ n% !oi/it! epo4ent o0 it! e !eri/e!. It i! no%iou! ei/e 0or %e/eption, e!pe/i4 !o 2en te pu:i/ /nnot entite n4rien/e 0or pr/ti/e in!t te :u!ine!! /on%uit. Pre/i!e4, te iittion o0pr/ti/e o0 2 to per!on! 2o e :een %u4 %itte% ! e:er! o0 te Br D&e/. 1,



Rue 13H, Rei!e% Rue! o0 Court i! to !u:e/t te e:er! to te %i!/ipine o0 te&upree Court. Atou re!pon%ent u!e! it! :u!ine!! ne, te per!on! n% te24er! 2o /t 0or it re !u:e/t to /ourt %i!/ipine. "e pr/ti/e o0 2 i! not pro0e!!ion open to 2o 2i! to ene in it nor /n it :e !!ine% to noter D&ee 5A. Jur. <7. It i! per!on rit iite% to per!on! 2o e 6ui0ie% te!ee!un%er te 2. It 0oo2! tt not on4 re!pon%ent :ut !o te per!on! 2o re /tin

0or re!pon%ent re te per!on! ene% in uneti/ 2 pr/ti/e. G3. Piippine L24er!? A!!o/ition;"e Piippine L24er!? A!!o/ition?! po!ition, in n!2er to te i!!ue! !tte% erein,re, to 2it;1. "e Le Cini/ i! ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2)<. &u/ pr/ti/e i! unutorie%)3. "e %erti!eent! /opine% o0 re not on4 uneti/, :ut !o i!e%inn% ptent4 ior) n%F. "e #onor:e &upree Court ! te po2er to !uppre!! n% puni! te LeCini/ n% it! /orporte o00i/er! 0or it! unutorie% pr/ti/e o0 2 n% 0or it! uneti/,i!e%in n% ior %erti!in.

Re!pon%ent po!it! tt it i! not ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2. It /i! tt it ere4ren%er! >e !upport !eri/e!> to 24er!, itint! n% te ener pu:i/ !enun/ite% in te Prir4 Purpo!e Cu!e o0 it! Arti/eD! o0 In/orportion. D&ee pe! <to 5 o0 Re!pon%ent?! Coent. But it! %erti!e% !eri/e!, ! enuerte% :oe,/er4 n% /onin/in4 !o2 tt it i! in%ee% ene% in 2 pr/ti/e, :eit out!i%e te/ourt.A! %erti!e%, it o00er! te ener pu:i/ it! %i!or4 !eri/e! on Per!on! n% *i4Retion! L2, prti/ur4 rer%in 0orein %ior/e!, nnuent o0 rrie!, !e/retrrie!, :!en/e n% %option) Iirtion L2!, prti/ur4 on i! rete%pro:e!, iirtion pro:e!) te Ine!tent L2 o0 te Piippine! n% !u/ oterrete% 2!.It! %erti!e% !eri/e! uni!t8:4 re6uire te ppi/tion o0 te 0ore!i% 2!, te

e prin/ipe! n% pro/e%ure! rete% tereto, te e %i!e! :!e% tereon n% 2i/ /tiitie! / 0or e trinin, 8no2e%e n% eperien/e.App4in te te!t i% %o2n :4 te Court in te 0ore/ite% Ar C!e, te /tiitie! o0re!pon%ent 0 !6ure4 n% re e:r/e% in 2t 24er! n% 4en e6u4 ter !>te pr/ti/e o0 2.> 7F. U.P. +oen L24er!? Cir/e;In re!oin te i!!ue! :e0ore ti! #onor:e Court, prount /on!i%ertion !ou% :eien to te prote/tion o0 te ener pu:i/ 0ro te %ner o0 :ein epoite% :4un6ui0ie% per!on! or entitie! 2o 4 :e ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2.At pre!ent, :e/oin 24er re6uire! one to t8e riorou! 0our@4er /our!e o0 !tu%4on top o0 0our@4er :/eor o0 rt! or !/ien/e! /our!e n% ten to t8e n% p!! te:r eintion!. On4 ten, i! 24er 6ui0ie% to pr/ti/e 2.

+ie te u!e o0 pre i! !n/tione% in n4 uri!%i/tion! ! n i% to te%ini!trtion o0 u!ti/e, tere re in to!e uri!%i/tion!, /our!e! o0 !tu%4 n%or!tn%r%! 2i/ 2ou% 6ui04 te!e pre! to %e 2it te ener pu:i/ ! !u/.+ie it 4 no2 :e te opportune tie to e!t:i! te!e /our!e! o0 !tu%4 n%or!tn%r%!, te 0/t rein! tt t pre!ent, te!e %o not ei!t in te Piippine!. In teentie, ti! #onor:e Court 4 %e/i%e to t8e e!ure! to prote/t te enerpu:i/ 0ro :ein epoite% :4 to!e 2o 4 :e %ein 2it te ener pu:i/ in teui!e o0 :ein >pre!> 2itout :ein 6ui0ie% to %o !o.



In te !e nner, te ener pu:i/ !ou% !o :e prote/te% 0ro te %ner! 2i/4 :e :rout :out :4 %erti!in o0 e !eri/e!. +ie it pper! tt 24er! reproi:ite% un%er te pre!ent Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4 0ro %erti!in, itpper! in te in!tnt /!e tt e !eri/e! re :ein %erti!e% not :4 24er! :ut :4n entit4 !t00e% :4 >pre!.> Cer4, e!ure! !ou% :e t8en to prote/t teener pu:i/ 0ro 0in pre4 to to!e 2o %erti!e e !eri/e! 2itout :ein

6ui0ie% to o00er !u/ !eri/e!.> HA peru! o0 te 6ue!tione% %erti!eent! o0 Re!pon%ent, o2eer, !ee! to ie teipre!!ion tt in0ortion rer%in i%it4 o0 rrie!, %ior/e, nnuent o0rrie, iirtion, i! eten!ion!, %e/rtion o0 :!en/e, %option n% 0oreinine!tent, 2i/ re in e!!en/e, e tter!, 2i :e ien to te i0 te4 i o0 it!!eri/e!. "e Re!pon%ent?! ne - "e Le Cini/, In/. - %oe! not ep tter!. Itie! te ipre!!ion in tt Re!pon%ent 2i or /n /ure te e pro:e! :routto te. A!!uin tt Re!pon%ent i!, ! /ie%, !t00e% pure4 :4 pre!, it !oie! te i!e%in ipre!!ion tt tere re 24er! inoe% in "e Le Cini/, In/.,! tere re %o/tor! in n4 e%i/ /ini/, 2en on4 >pre!> re inoe% in "eLe Cini/, In/.Re!pon%ent?! etion! re 0urter :eie% :4 te er4 %i!!ion! o0 it! Pre!i%ent n%

orit4 !to/8o%er, Att4. Noe!, 2o e n in!it on te !tru/ture n% inpurpo!e o0 Re!pon%ent /orportion in te 0oreentione% >&tr2ee8> rti/e.> 95. +oen L24er?! A!!o/ition o0 te Piippine!;Annee! >A> n% >B> o0 te petition re /er4 %erti!eent! to !oi/it /!e! 0or tepurpo!e o0 in 2i/, ! proi%e% 0or un%er te :oe /ite% 2, Dre ie n%in!t te Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4 o0 24er! in ti! /ountr4.Anne >A> o0 te petition i! not on4 ie in tt it i! n %erti!eent to !oi/it /!e!,:ut it i! ie in tt in :o% etter! it nnoun/e! tt te Le Cini/, In/., /ou% 2or8out/u!e te /ee:rtion o0 !e/ret rrie 2i/ i! not on4 ie :ut ior in ti!/ountr4. +ie it i! %erti!e% tt one ! to o to !i% en/4 n% p4 P5G 0or i%rrie it i! /ertin4 0ooin te pu:i/ 0or i% rrie! in te Piippine! re!oenie% on4 :4 o00i/er! utorie% to %o !o un%er te 2. An% to epo4 n en/4

0or !i% purpo!e o0 /ontr/tin rrie i! not ne/e!!r4.No ount o0 re!onin tt in te U&A, Cn% n% oter /ountrie! te tren% i!to2r%! o2in 24er! to %erti!e teir !pe/i !8i! to en:e peope to o:tin 0ro6ui0ie% pr/titioner! e !eri/e! 0or teir prti/ur nee%! /n u!ti04 te u!e o0%erti!eent! !u/ ! re te !u:e/t tter o0 ti! petition, 0or one D/nnot u!ti04 nie /t een :4 2teer erit te ie /t 4 !ere. "e 2 ! 4et to :een%e% !o tt !u/ ! /t /ou% :e/oe u!ti0i:e. LLpi+e !u:it 0urter tt te!e %erti!eent! tt !ee to proe/t tt !e/ret rrie!n% %ior/e re po!!i:e in ti! /ountr4 0or 0ee, 2en in 0/t it i! not !o, re i4repreen!i:e.It 2ou% en/oure peope to /on!ut ti! /ini/ :out o2 te4 /ou% o :out in !e/ret rrie ere, 2en it /nnot nor !ou% eer :e ttepte%, n% !ee8 %i/e on

%ior/e, 2ere in ti! /ountr4 tere i! none, e/ept un%er te Co%e o0 Mu!i Per!onL2! in te Piippine!. It i! !o in!t oo% or! n% i! %e/eit0u :e/u!e it 0!e4repre!ent! to te pu:i/ to :e :e to %o tt 2i/ :4 our 2! /nnot :e %one Dn% :4our Co%e o0 Mor! !ou% not :e %one. LLurIn te /!e Do0 In re "u%, 53 Pi. 37, te &upree Court e% tt !oi/ittion 0or/ient! :4 n ttorne4 :4 /ir/ur! o0 %erti!eent!, i! unpro0e!!ion n% o00en!e! o0ti! /r/ter u!ti04 pernent eiintion 0ro te Br. 1G. *e%er/ion Interntion %e A:o%!;



1.7 "t entitie! %itte%4 not ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2, !u/ ! neent/on!utn/4 0ir! or tre en/ie!, 2eter run :4 24er! or not, per0or te !eri/e!ren%ere% :4 Re!pon%ent %oe! not ne/e!!ri4 e% to te /on/u!ion tt Re!pon%ent i!not un20u4 pr/ti/in 2. In te !e ein, o2eer, te 0/t tt te :u!ine!! o0re!pon%ent D!!uin it /n :e ene% in in%epen%ent4 o0 te pr/ti/e o0 2inoe! 8no2e%e o0 te 2 %oe! not ne/e!!ri4 8e re!pon%ent uit4 o0 un20u

pr/ti/e o0 2.>. . . O0 ne/e!!it4, no one . . . /tin ! /on!utnt /n ren%er e00e/tie !eri/e une!!e i! 0iir 2it !u/ !ttute! n% reution!. #e u!t :e /re0u not to !ue!t /our!e o0 /on%u/t 2i/ te 2 0or:i%!. It !ee! . . . /er tt Dte /on!utnt?!8no2e%e o0 te 2, n% i! u!e o0 tt 8no2e%e ! 0/tor in %eterinin 2te!ure! e ! re/oen%, %o not /on!titute te pr/ti/e o0 2 . . .. It i! not on4pre!ue% tt en 8no2 te 2, :ut it i! 0/t tt o!t en e /on!i%er:e/6uintn/e 2it te :ro% 0eture! o0 te 2 . . .. Our 8no2e%e o0 te 2 -//urte or in//urte - ou%! our /on%u/t not on4 2en 2e re /tin 0or our!ee!,:ut 2en 2e re !erin oter!. Bn8er!, i6uor %eer! n% 4en ener4 po!!e!!rter pre/i!e 8no2e%e o0 te 2! tou/in teir prti/ur :u!ine!! or pro0e!!ion. Aoo% epe i! te r/ite/t, 2o u!t :e 0iir 2it onin, :ui%in n% 0ire

preention /o%e!, 0/tor4 n% teneent ou!e !ttute!, n% 2o %r2! pn! n%!pe/i0i/tion! in ron4 2it te 2. "i! i! not pr/ti/in 2.>But !uppo!e te r/ite/t, !8e% :4 i! /ient to oit 0ire to2er, repie! tt it i!re6uire% :4 te !ttute. Or te in%u!tri retion! epert /ite!, in !upport o0 !oee!ure tt e re/oen%!, %e/i!ion o0 te Ntion L:or Retion! Bor%. Arete4 pr/ti/in 2 In 4 opinion, te4 re not, proi%e% no !eprte 0ee i! /re% 0orte e %i/e or in0ortion, n% te e 6ue!tion i! !u:or%inte n% in/i%ent to or non@e pro:e.>It i! re4 tter o0 %eree n% o0 /u!to.>I0 it 2ere u!u 0or one inten%in to ere/t :ui%in on i! n% to ene 24er to%i!e i n% te r/ite/t in re!pe/t to te :ui%in /o%e n% te i8e, ten nr/ite/t 2o per0ore% ti! 0un/tion 2ou% pro::4 :e /on!i%ere% to :e tre!p!!in on

territor4 re!ere% 0or i/en!e% ttorne4!. Li8e2i!e, i0 te in%u!tri retion! 0ie% %:een pre@epte% :4 24er!, or /u!to p/e% 24er 24! t te e:o2 o0 te 4per!onne n. But ti! i! not te /!e. "e o!t iportnt :o%4 o0 in%u!tri retion!epert! re te o00i/er! n% :u!ine!! ent! o0 te :or union! n% 0e2 o0 te re24er!. Aon te rer /orporte epo4er!, it ! :een te pr/ti/e 0or !oe 4er!to %eete !pe/i re!pon!i:iit4 in epo4ee tter! to neent roup /o!en0or teir pr/ti/ 8no2e%e n% !8i in !u/ tter!, n% 2itout rer% to etrinin or /8 o0 it. More re/ent4, /on!utnt! i8e te %e0en%nt e ten%ere% to te!er epo4er! te !e !eri/e tt te rer epo4er! et 0ro teir o2n!pe/iie% !t00.>"e n%in o0 in%u!tri retion! i! ro2in into re/onie% pro0e!!ion 0or 2i/pproprite /our!e! re o00ere% :4 our e%in unier!itie!. "e /ourt !ou% :e er4

/utiou! :out %e/rin [tt] 2i%e!pre%, 2e@e!t:i!e% eto% o0 /on%u/tin:u!ine!! i! un20u, or tt te /on!i%er:e /!! o0 en 2o /u!tori4 per0or /ertin 0un/tion e no rit to %o !o, or tt te te/ni/ e%u/tion ien :4 our!/oo! /nnot :e u!e% :4 te r%ute! in teir :u!ine!!.>In %eterinin 2eter n i! pr/ti/in 2, 2e !ou% /on!i%er i! 2or8 0or n4prti/ur /ient or /u!toer, ! 2oe. I /n iine %e0en%nt :ein ene%priri4 to %i!e ! to te 2 %e0inin i! /ient?! o:ition! to i! epo4ee!, toui%e i! /ient on te pt /rte% :4 2. "i!, o0 /our!e, 2ou% :e te pr/ti/e o0te 2. But !u/ i! not te 0/t in te /!e :e0ore e. (e0en%nt?! prir4 e00ort! re



on e/onoi/ n% p!4/ooi/ ine!. "e 2 on4 proi%e! te 0re 2itin 2i/e u!t 2or8, u!t ! te onin /o%e iit! te 8in% o0 :ui%in te r/ite/t 4 pn."e in/i%ent e %i/e or in0ortion %e0en%nt 4 ie, %oe! not trn!0or i!/tiitie! into te pr/ti/e o0 2. Let e %% tt i0, een ! inor 0eture o0 i! 2or8,e per0ore% !eri/e! 2i/ re /u!tori4 re!ere% to e:er! o0 te :r, e 2ou%:e pr/ti/in 2. *or in!tn/e, i0 ! prt o0 2e0re pror, e %re2 epo4ee!? 2i!.

>Anoter :rn/ o0 %e0en%nt?! 2or8 i! te repre!enttion o0 te epo4er in te%u!tent o0 rien/e! n% in /oe/tie :rinin, 2it or 2itout e%itor. "i! i!not per !e te pr/ti/e o0 2. An4one 4 u!e n ent 0or neotition! n% 4 !ee/tn ent prti/ur4 !8ie% in te !u:e/t un%er %i!/u!!ion, n% te per!on ppointe% i!0ree to //ept te epo4ent 2eter or not e i! e:er o0 te :r. #ere, o2eer,tere 4 :e n e/eption 2ere te :u!ine!! turn! on 6ue!tion o0 2. Mo!t ree!tte !e! re neotite% :4 :ro8er! 2o re not 24er!. But i0 te ue o0 te n%%epen%! on %i!pute% rit@o0@24 n% te prin/ip roe o0 te neotitor i! to !!e!!te pro::e out/oe o0 te %i!pute n% per!u%e te oppo!ite prt4 to te !eopinion, ten it 4 :e tt on4 24er /n //ept te !!inent. Or i0 /ontroer!4:et2een n epo4er n% i! en ro2! 0ro %i00erin interprettion! o0 /ontr/t, oro0 !ttute, it i! 6uite i8e4 tt %e0en%nt !ou% not n%e it. But I nee% not re/

%e0inite /on/u!ion ere, !in/e te !itution i! not pre!ente% :4 te proo0!. /%pi>(e0en%nt !o pper! to repre!ent te epo4er :e0ore %ini!trtie en/ie! o0 te0e%er oernent, e!pe/i4 :e0ore tri einer! o0 te Ntion L:or Retion!Bor%. An en/4 o0 te 0e%er oernent, /tin :4 irtue o0 n utorit4 rnte% :4te Conre!!, 4 reute te repre!enttion o0 prtie! :e0ore !u/ en/4. "e &tteo0 Ne2 Jer!e4 i! 2itout po2er to inter0ere 2it !u/ %eterintion or to 0or:i%repre!enttion :e0ore te en/4 :4 one 2o te en/4 %it!. "e rue! o0 teNtion L:or Retion! Bor% ie to prt4 te rit to pper in per!on, or :4/oun!e, or :4 oter repre!enttie.? Rue! n% Reution!, &epte:er 11t, 19FG, &.<3.31. Coun!e? ere en! i/en!e% ttorne4, n% oter repre!enttie? one not 24er. In ti! p!e o0 i! 2or8, %e0en%nt 4 20u4 %o 2teer te L:or Bor%o2!, een ruin 6ue!tion! pure4 e.> DAuer:/er . +oo%, 53 A. <% H, /ite%

in &tt!84, Intro%u/tion to Prei! [197F], t pp. [email protected] *ro te 0oreoin, it /n :e !i% tt per!on ene% in 20u /inD2i/ 4 inoe 8no2e%e o0 te 2 i! not ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2 proi%e%tt;D "e e 6ue!tion i! !u:or%inte n% in/i%ent to or non@e pro:e)D: "e !eri/e! per0ore% re not /u!tori4 re!ere% to e:er! o0 te :r)D/ No !eprte 0ee i! /re% 0or te e %i/e or in0ortion.A te!e u!t :e /on!i%ere% in retion to te 2or8 0or n4 prti/ur /ient ! 2oe.1.9. I0 te per!on inoe% i! :ot 24er n% non@24er, te Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ionRe!pon!i:iit4 !u//in/t4 !tte! te rue o0 /on%u/t;>Rue 15.H - A 24er 2o i! ene% in noter pro0e!!ion or o//uption/on/urrent4 2it te pr/ti/e o0 2 ! 8e /er to i! /ient 2eter e i! /tin !

24er or in noter /p/it4.>1.1. In te pre!ent /!e, te Le Cini/ pper! to ren%er 2e%%in !eri/e! D&eeAnne >A>, Petition. &eri/e! on routine, !trit0or2r% rrie!, i8e !e/urin rrie i/en!e, n% 8in rrneent! 2it prie!t or u%e, 4 not /on!titutepr/ti/e o0 2. #o2eer, i0 te pro:e i! ! /opi/te% ! tt %e!/ri:e% in R 0orLe Pro:e!> on te &ron Cunet@$::4 Con/ep/ion@Ri/r% $oe /!e, ten

2t 4 :e inoe% i! /tu4 te pr/ti/e o0 2. I0 non@24er, !u/ ! te LeCini/, ren%er! !u/ !eri/e!, ten it i! ene% in te unutorie% pr/ti/e o0 2.



1.11. "e Le Cini/ !o pper! to ie in0ortion on %ior/e, :!en/e,nnuent o0 rrie n% i!! D&ee Annee! >A> n% >B>, Petition. Pure4 iinin0ortion teri! 4 not /on!titute pr/ti/e o0 2. "e :u!ine!! i! !iir to tto0 :oo8!tore 2ere te /u!toer :u4! teri! on te !u:e/t n% %eterine! :4i!e0 2t /our!e! o0 /tion to t8e.It i! not entire4 ipro::e, o2eer, tt !i%e 0ro pure4 iin in0ortion, te Le

Cini/?! pre! 4 pp4 te 2 to te prti/ur pro:e o0 te /ient, n% iee %i/e. &u/ 2ou% /on!titute unutorie% pr/ti/e o0 2.>It /nnot :e /ie% tt te pu:i/tion o0 e tet 2i/ purport! to !4 2t te2 i! ount! to e pr/ti/e. An% te ere 0/t tt te prin/ipe! or rue! !tte% inte tet 4 :e //epte% :4 prti/ur re%er ! !oution to i! pro:e %oe! not00e/t ti!. . . . Apprent4 it i! ure% tt te /onoinin o0 te!e t2o, tt i!, te tet n%te 0or!, 2it %i/e ! to o2 te 0or! !ou% :e 0ie% out, /on!titute! te un20upr/ti/e o0 2. But tt i! te !itution 2it n4 pproe% n% //epte% tet!. (/e4?!:oo8 i! !o% to te pu:i/ t re. "ere i! no per!on /ont/t or retion!ip 2it prti/ur in%ii%u. Nor %oe! tere ei!t tt retion o0 /on0i%en/e n% tru!t !one/e!!r4 to te !ttu! o0 ttorne4 n% /ient. "#I& I& "#E E&&EN"IAL O* LE$ALPRAC"ICE - "#E REPRE&EN"A"ION AN( A(=I&IN$ O* A PAR"ICULAR PER&ON

IN A PAR"ICULAR &I"UA"ION. At o!t te :oo8 !!ue! to o00er ener %i/e on/oon pro:e!, n% %oe! not purport to ie per!on %i/e on !pe/i0i/ pro:epe/uir to %e!inte% or re%i4 i%enti0ie% per!on. &iir4 te %e0en%nt?! pu:i/tion%oe! not purport to ie per!on %i/e on !pe/i0i/ pro:e pe/uir to %e!inte%or re%i4 i%enti0ie% per!on in prti/ur !itution - in te pu:i/tion n% !e o0 te8it!, !u/ pu:i/tion n% !e %i% not /on!titute te un20u pr/ti/e o0 2 . . .. "ere:ein no e ipe%ient un%er te !ttute to te !e o0 te 8it, tere 2! no proper:!i! 0or te inun/tion in!t %e0en%nt intinin n o00i/e 0or te purpo!e o0 !einto per!on! !ee8in %ior/e, !eprtion, nnuent or !eprtion reeent n4printe% teri or 2ritin! retin to trioni 2 or te proi:ition in teeorn%u o0 o%i0i/tion o0 te u%ent in!t %e0en%nt in n intere!t inn4 pu:i!in ou!e pu:i!in i! nu!/ript on %ior/e n% in!t i! in n4

per!on /ont/t 2it n4 pro!pe/tie pur/!er. "e re/or% %oe! 0u4 !upport,o2eer, te 0in%in tt 0or te /re o0 75 or 1 0or te 8it, te %e0en%nt ee %i/e in te /our!e o0 per!on /ont/t! /on/ernin prti/ur pro:e! 2i/it ri!e in te preprtion n% pre!enttion o0 te pur/!er?! !!erte% trioni/u!e o0 /tion or pur!uit o0 oter e ree%ie! n% !!i!tn/e in te preprtion o0ne/e!!r4 %o/uent! D"e inun/tion tere0ore !out to enoin /on%u/t /on!titutinte pr/ti/e o0 2, prti/ur4 2it re0eren/e to te iin o0 %i/e n% /oun!e :4 te%e0en%nt retin to !pe/i0i/ pro:e! o0 prti/ur in%ii%u! in /onne/tion 2it %ior/e, !eprtion, nnuent o0 !eprtion reeent !out n% !ou% :e 00ire%.>D&tte . +in%er, 3FH, N'& <% <7 [1973], /ite% in &tt!84, !upr t p. 11.1.1<. Re!pon%ent, o0 /our!e, !tte! tt it! !eri/e! re >!tri/t4 non@%ino!ti/, non@%i!or4.> It i! not /ontroerte%, o2eer, tt i0 te !eri/e! >inoe iin e %i/e

or /oun!ein,> !u/ 2ou% /on!titute pr/ti/e o0 2 DCoent, pr. G.<. It i! in ti!it tt *I(A !u:it! tt 0/tu in6uir4 4 :e ne/e!!r4 0or te u%i/iou!%i!po!ition o0 ti! /!e.<.1. Anne >A> 4 :e eti/4 o:e/tion:e in tt it /n ie te ipre!!ion Dorperpetute te 2ron notion tt tere i! !e/ret rrie. +it te !oenitie!,0oritie! n% oter re6ui!ite! o0 rrie! D&ee Arti/e! <, et !e6., *i4 Co%e, noPiippine rrie /n :e !e/ret.<.11. Anne >B> 4 i8e2i!e :e eti/4 o:e/tion:e. "e !e/on% prrp tereo0D2i/ i! not ne/e!!ri4 rete% to te 0ir!t prrp 0i! to !tte te iittion tt



on4 >pre !eri/e!> or >e !upport !eri/e!>, n% not e !eri/e!, rei:e.> 11A pre0tor4 %i!/u!!ion on te enin o0 te pr!e >pr/ti/e o0 2> :e/oe! eient0or proper %eterintion o0 te i!!ue! ri!e% :4 te petition t :r. On ti! !/ore, 2enote tt te /u!e >pr/ti/e o0 2> ! on :een te !u:e/t o0 u%i/i /on!tru/tionn% interprettion. "e /ourt! e i% %o2n ener prin/ipe! n% %o/trine! epinin

te enin n% !/ope o0 te ter, !oe o0 2i/ 2e no2 t8e into //ount. LLurPr/ti/e o0 2 en! n4 /tiit4, in or out o0 /ourt, 2i/ re6uire! te ppi/tion o02, e pro/e%ure!, 8no2e%e, trinin n% eperien/e. "o ene in te pr/ti/e o02 i! to per0or to!e /t! 2i/ re /r/teri!ti/ o0 te pro0e!!ion. $ener4, topr/ti/e 2 i! to ie %i/e or ren%er n4 8in% o0 !eri/e tt inoe! e 8no2e%eor !8i. 1<"e pr/ti/e o0 2 i! not iite% to te /on%u/t o0 /!e! in /ourt. It in/u%e! e %i/en% /oun!e, n% te preprtion o0 e in!truent! n% /ontr/t! :4 2i/ e rit!re !e/ure%, tou !u/ tter 4 or 4 not :e pen%in in /ourt. 13In te pr/ti/e o0 i! pro0e!!ion, i/en!e% ttorne4 t 2 ener4 ene! in treeprin/ip t4pe! o0 pro0e!!ion /tiit4; e %i/e n% in!tru/tion! to /ient! to in0orte o0 teir rit! n% o:ition!, preprtion 0or /ient! o0 %o/uent! re6uirin

8no2e%e o0 e prin/ipe! not po!!e!!e% :4 or%inr4 4n, n% ppern/e 0or/ient! :e0ore pu:i/ tri:un! 2i/ po!!e!! po2er n% utorit4 to %eterine rit! o0i0e, i:ert4, n% propert4 //or%in to 2, inor%er to !!i!t in proper interprettion n%en0or/eent o0 2. 1F+en per!on prti/ipte! in tri n% %erti!e! i!e0 ! 24er, e i! in tepr/ti/e o0 2. 15 One 2o /on0er! 2it /ient!, %i!e! te ! to teir e rit!n% ten t8e! te :u!ine!! to n ttorne4 n% !8! te ter to oo8 0ter te /!e in/ourt, i! !o pr/ti/in 2. 1G $iin %i/e 0or /open!tion rer%in te e!ttu! n% rit! o0 noter n% te /on%u/t 2it re!pe/t tereto /on!titute! pr/ti/eo0 2. 17 One 2o ren%er! n opinion ! to te proper interprettion o0 !ttute, n%re/eie! p4 0or it, i!, to tt etent, pr/ti/in 2. 1HIn te re/ent /!e o0 C4etno !. Mon!o%, 19 0ter /itin te %o/trine! in !eer

/!e!, 2e i% %o2n te te!t to %eterine 2eter /ertin /t! /on!titute >pr/ti/e o02,> tu!;B/8 %e0ine! >pr/ti/e o0 2> !;>"e ren%ition o0 !eri/e! re6uirin te 8no2e%e n% te ppi/tion o0 e prin/ipe!n% te/ni6ue to !ere te intere!t o0 noter 2it i! /on!ent. It i! not iite% topperin in /ourt, or %i!in n% !!i!tin in te /on%u/t o0 itition, :ut e:r/e!te preprtion o0 pe%in!, n% oter pper! in/i%ent to /tion! n% !pe/ipro/ee%in!, /one4n/in, te preprtion o0 e in!truent! o0 8in%!, n% teiin o0 e %i/e to /ient!. It e:r/e! %i/e to /ient! n% /tion! t8en0or te in tter! /onne/te% 2it te 2.>"e pr/ti/e o0 2 i! not iite% to te /on%u/t o0 /!e! in /ourt. DLn% "ite A:!tr/tn% "ru!t Co. . (2or8en, 1<9 Oio &t. <3, 193 N.E. G5. A per!on i! !o /on!i%ere%

to :e in te pr/ti/e o0 2 2en e;>. . . 0or u:e /on!i%ertion ene! in te :u!ine!! o0 %i!in per!on!, 0ir!,!!o/ition! or /orportion! ! to teir rit! un%er te 2, or pper! in repre!enttie /p/it4 ! n %o/te in pro/ee%in!, pen%in or pro!pe/tie, :e0oren4 /ourt, /oi!!ioner, re0eree, :or%, :o%4, /oittee, or /oi!!ion /on!titute% :42 or utorie% to !ette /ontroer!ie! n% tere, in !u/ repre!enttie /p/it4,per0or! n4 /t or /t! 0or te purpo!e o0 o:tinin or %e0en%in te rit! o0 teir/ient! un%er te 2. Oter2i!e !tte%, one 2o, in repre!enttie /p/it4, ene!in te :u!ine!! o0 %i!in /ient! ! to teir rit! un%er te 2, or 2ie !o ene%



per0or! n4 /t or /t! eiter in /ourt or out!i%e o0 /ourt 0or tt purpo!e, i! ene% inte pr/ti/e o0 2. D&tte e. re. M/8ittri/8 . C.&. (u%e4 n% Co., 1< &.+. <% H95,3F Mo. H5<.>"i! Court, in te /!e o0 Piippine L24er! A!!o/ition . Ar D15 Pi. 173, 17G@177, !tte%;>"e pr/ti/e o0 2 i! not iite% to te /on%u/t o0 /!e! or itition in /ourt) it

e:r/e! te preprtion o0 pe%in! n% oter pper! in/i%ent to /tion! n% !pe/ipro/ee%in!, te neent o0, !u/ /tion! n% pro/ee%in! on :e0 o0 /ient!:e0ore u%e! n% /ourt!, n% in %%ition, /one4in. In ener, %i/e to /ient!,n% /tion t8en 0or te in tter! /onne/te% 2it te 2 in/orportion !eri/e!,!!e!!ent n% /on%ention !eri/e! /onteptin n ppern/e :e0ore u%i/i:o%4, te 0ore/o!ure o0 orte, en0or/eent o0 /re%itor?! /i in :n8rupt/4 n%in!oen/4 pro/ee%in!, n% /on%u/tin pro/ee%in! in tt/ent, n% in tter! o0e!tte n% ur%in!ip e :een e% to /on!titute 2 pr/ti/e, ! %o te preprtionn% %r0tin o0 e in!truent!, 2ere te 2or8 %one inoe! te %eterintion :4 tetrine% e in% o0 te e e00e/t o0 0/t! n% /on%ition!. D5 A. Jr. p. <G<, <G3.>Pr/ti/e o0 2 un%er o%ern /on%ition! /on!i!t! in no ! prt o0 2or8 per0ore%out!i%e o0 n4 /ourt n% in no ie%ite retion to pro/ee%in! in /ourt. It

e:r/e! /one4n/in, te iin o0 e %i/e on re riet4 o0 !u:e/t!, n% tepreprtion n% ee/ution o0 e in!truent! /oerin n eten!ie 0ie% o0 :u!ine!!n% tru!t retion! n% oter 00ir!. Atou te!e trn!/tion! 4 e no %ire/t/onne/tion 2it /ourt pro/ee%in!, te4 re 24! !u:e/t to :e/oe inoe% initition. "e4 re6uire in n4 !pe/t! i %eree o0 e !8i, 2i%e eperien/e

2it en n% 00ir!, n% ret /p/it4 0or %pttion to %i00i/ut n% /ope!itution!. "e!e /u!tor4 0un/tion! o0 n ttorne4 or /oun!eor t 2 :er n intiteretion to te %ini!trtion o0 u!ti/e :4 te /ourt!. No i% %i!tin/tion, !o 0r !/on/ern! te 6ue!tion !et 0ort in te or%er, /n :e %r2n :et2een tt prt o0 te 2or8o0 te 24er 2i/ inoe! ppern/e in /ourt n% tt prt 2i/ inoe! %i/e n%%r0tin o0 in!truent! in i! o00i/e. It i! o0 iportn/e to te 2e0re o0 te pu:i/ ttte!e ni0o% /u!tor4 0un/tion! :e per0ore% :4 per!on! po!!e!!e% o0 %e6ute

ernin n% !8i, o0 !oun% or /r/ter, n% /tin t tie! un%er te e4 tru!to:ition! to /ient! 2i/ re!t! upon ttorne4!. DMorn, Coent! on te Rue! o0Court, =o. 3 [1973 e%.], pp. GG5@GGG, /itin In Re Opinion o0 te Ju!ti/e! [M!!.], 19FN.E. 313, 6uote% in Ro%e I!. Br A!!o/. . Autoo:ie &eri/e A!!o/. [R.I.] 179 A. 139,1FF.>"e pr/ti/e o0 2, tere0ore, /oer! 2i%e rne o0 /tiitie! in n% out o0 /ourt.App4in te 0oreentione% /riteri to te /!e t :r, 2e ree 2it te per/eptie0in%in! n% o:!ertion! o0 te 0ore!tte% :r !!o/ition! tt te /tiitie! o0re!pon%ent, ! %erti!e%, /on!titute >pr/ti/e o0 2.>"e /ontention o0 re!pon%ent tt it ere4 o00er! e !upport !eri/e! /n neiter :e!eriou!4 /on!i%ere% nor !u!tine%. &i% propo!ition i! :eie% :4 re!pon%ent?! o2n%e!/ription o0 te !eri/e! it ! :een o00erin, to 2it;

>Le !upport !eri/e! :!i/4 /on!i!t o0 iin re%4 in0ortion :4 trine%pre! to 4en n% 24er!, 2i/ re !tri/t4 non@%ino!ti/, non@%i!or4,trou te eten!ie u!e o0 /oputer! n% o%ern in0ortion te/noo4 in teterin, pro/e!!in, !tore, trn!i!!ion n% repro%u/tion o0 in0ortion n%/ouni/tion, !u/ ! /oputerie% e re!er/) en/o%in n% repro%u/tion o0%o/uent! n% pe%in! prepre% :4 4en or 24er!) %o/uent !er/) ei%en/eterin) o/tin prtie! or 2itne!!e! to /!e) 0/t 0in%in ine!tition!) n%!!i!tn/e to 4en in nee% o0 :!i/ in!titution !eri/e! 0ro oernent or non@oernent en/ie!, i8e :irt, rrie, propert4, or :u!ine!! rei!trtion!)



e%u/tion or epo4ent re/or%! or /erti0i/tion!, o:tinin %o/uenttion i8e/ern/e!, p!!port!, o/ or 0orein i!!) iin in0ortion :out 2! o0 oter/ountrie! tt te4 4 0in% u!e0u, i8e 0orein %ior/e, rrie or %option 2! ttte4 /n i o0 preprtor4 to eirtion to tt 0orein /ountr4, n% oter tter! tt%o not inoe repre!enttion o0 /ient! in /ourt) %e!inin n% in!tin /oputer!4!te!, pror!, or !o0t2re 0or te e00i/ient neent o0 2 o00i/e!, /orporte

e %eprtent!, /ourt!, n% oter entitie! ene% in %i!pen!in or %ini!terine !eri/e!.> <+ie !oe o0 te !eri/e! :ein o00ere% :4 re!pon%ent /orportion ere4 inoee/ni/ n% te/ni/ 8no2@o2, !u/ ! te in!ttion o0 /oputer !4!te! n%pror! 0or te e00i/ient neent o0 2 o00i/e!, or te /oputerition o0 re!er/i%! n% teri!, te!e 2i not !u00i/e to u!ti04 n e/eption to te ener rue.+t i! pp:4 /er i! tt re!pon%ent /orportion ie! out e in0ortion to4en n% 24er!. It! /ontention tt !u/ 0un/tion i! non@%i!or4 n% non@%ino!ti/i! ore pprent tn re. In proi%in in0ortion, 0or epe, :out 0orein 2! onrrie, %ior/e n% %option, it !trin! te /re%uit4 o0 ti! Court tt ttre!pon%ent /orportion 2i !ip4 %o i! oo8 0or te 2, 0urni! /op4 tereo0 to te/ient, n% !top tere ! i0 it 2ere ere4 :oo8!tore. +it it! ttorne4! n% !o /e%

pre!, it 2i ne/e!!ri4 e to epin to te /ient te intri//ie! o0 te 2 n%%i!e i or er on te proper /our!e o0 /tion to :e t8en ! 4 :e proi%e% 0or :4!i% 2. "t i! 2t it! %erti!eent! repre!ent n% 0or 2i/ !eri/e! it 2i/on!e6uent4 /re n% :e pi%. "t /tiit4 0! !6ure4 2itin te uri!pru%enti%e0inition o0 >pr/ti/e o0 2.> &u/ /on/u!ion 2i not :e tere% :4 te 0/t ttre!pon%ent /orportion %oe! not repre!ent /ient! in /ourt !in/e 2 pr/ti/e, ! te

2eit o0 utorit4 o%!, i! not iite% ere4 to /ourt ppern/e! :ut eten%! to ere!er/, iin e %i/e, /ontr/t %r0tin, n% !o 0ort."e 0ore!i% /on/u!ion i! 0urter !trentene% :4 n rti/e pu:i!e% in te Jnur413, 1991 i!!ue o0 te &tr2ee8"e &un%4 Mine o0 te Piippine &tr, entite% >R0or Le Pro:e!,> 2ere n in!it into te !tru/ture, in purpo!e n% opertion! o0re!pon%ent /orportion 2! ien :4 it! o2n >proprietor,> Att4. Roeio P. Noe!;

"i! i! te 8in% o0 :u!ine!! tt i! trn!/te% eer4%4 t "e Le Cini/, 2it o00i/e!on te !eent 0oor o0 te =i/tori Bui%in on U.N. Aenue in Mni. No tter

2t te /ient?! pro:e, n% een i0 it i! ! /opi/te% ! te Cunet@Con/ep/ion%oe!ti/ !itution, Att4. Noe! n% i! !t00 o0 24er!, 2o, i8e %o/tor!, re>!pe/ii!t!> in riou! 0ie%!, /n t8e /re o0 it. "e Le Cini/, In/. ! !pe/ii!t! inttion n% /riin 2, e%i/o@e pro:e!, :or, itition n% 0i4 2. "e!e!pe/ii!t! re :/8e% up :4 :tter4 o0 pre!, /oun!eor! n% ttorne4!.Att4. Noe! !et up "e Le Cini/ in 19HF. In!pire% :4 te tren% in te e%i/ 0ie%to2r% !pe/iition, it /ter! to /ient! 2o /nnot 00or% te !eri/e! o0 te :i 20ir!."e Le Cini/ ! reur n% 28@in /ient!. >+en te4 /oe, 2e !trt :4 n4inte pro:e. "t?! 2t %o/tor! %o !o. "e4 !8 4ou o2 4ou /ontr/te% 2t?!

:oterin 4ou, te4 t8e 4our teperture, te4 o:!ere 4ou 0or te !4pto!, n% !oon. "t?! o2 2e operte, too. An% on/e te pro:e ! :een /teorie%, ten it?!re0erre% to one o0 our !pe/ii!t!.>"ere re /!e! 2i/ %o not, in e%i/ ter!, re6uire !urer4 or 0oo2@up tretent."e!e "e Le Cini/ %i!po!e! o0 in tter o0 inute!. >"in! i8e preprin !ipe %ee% o0 !e or n 00i%it o0 o!! /n :e t8en /re o0 :4 our !t00 or, i0 ti! 2ere o!pit, te re!i%ent! or te intern!. +e /n t8e /re o0 te!e tter! on 2ie 4ou

2it :!i!. Ain, 8un : ! o!pit, out@ptient, in%i 8inn @/on0ine. It?! u!ti8e /oon /o% or %irre,> epin! Att4. Noe!.



"o!e /!e! 2i/ re6uire ore eten!ie >tretent> re %et 2it //or%in4. >I0 4ou% ri/ retie 2o %ie% n% ne% 4ou er !oe eir, n% 4ou !tn% to ineritiion! o0 pe!o! o0 propert4, 2e 2ou% re0er 4ou to !pe/ii!t in ttion. "ere 2ou%:e re e!tte te! n% rrer! 2i/ 2ou% nee% to :e put in or%er, n% 4our retie i!een te% :4 te !tte 0or te rit to trn!0er er propert4, n% on4 !pe/ii!t inttion 2ou% :e proper4 trine% to %e 2it tt pro:e. No2, i0 tere 2ere oter

eir! /onte!tin 4our ri/ retie?! 2i, ten 4ou 2ou% nee% ititor, 2o 8no2! o2to rrne te pro:e 0or pre!enttion in /ourt, n% ter ei%en/e to !upport te/!e.> <1"t 0/t tt te /orportion epo4! pre! to /rr4 out it! !eri/e! i! not/ontroin. +t i! iportnt i! tt it i! ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2 :4 irtue o0 tenture o0 te !eri/e! it ren%er! 2i/ tere:4 :rin! it 2itin te :it o0 te !ttutor4proi:ition! in!t te %erti!eent! 2i/ it ! /u!e% to :e pu:i!e% n% re no2!!ie% in ti! pro/ee%in. pr/%*urter, ! /orre/t4 n% pproprite4 pointe% out :4 te U.P. +ILOCI, !i% reporte%0/t! !u00i/ient4 e!t:i! tt te in purpo!e o0 re!pon%ent i! to !ere ! one@!top@!op o0 !ort! 0or riou! e pro:e! 2erein /ient 4 i o0 e !eri/e! 0ro!ipe %o/uenttion to /ope itition n% /orporte un%ert8in!. Mo!t o0 te!e

!eri/e! re un%ou:te%4 :e4on% te %oin o0 pre!, :ut rter, re e/u!ie0un/tion! o0 24er! ene% in te pr/ti/e o0 2. <<It !ou% :e note% tt in our uri!%i/tion te !eri/e! :ein o00ere% :4 pritere!pon%ent 2i/ /on!titute pr/ti/e o0 2 /nnot :e per0ore% :4 pre!. On4 per!on %u4 %itte% ! e:er o0 te :r, or ere0ter %itte% ! !u/ in//or%n/e 2it te proi!ion! o0 te Rue! o0 Court, n% 2o i! in oo% n% reur!tn%in, i! entite% to pr/ti/e 2. <3Pu:i/ poi/4 re6uire! tt te pr/ti/e o0 2 :e iite% to to!e in%ii%u! 0oun% %u46ui0ie% in e%u/tion n% /r/ter. "e peri!!ie rit /on0erre% on te 24er! i! nin%ii%u n% iite% priiee !u:e/t to 2it%r2 i0 e 0i! to intin proper!tn%r%! o0 or n% pro0e!!ion /on%u/t. "e purpo!e i! to prote/t te pu:i/, te/ourt, te /ient n% te :r 0ro te in/opeten/e or %i!one!t4 o0 to!e uni/en!e% to

pr/ti/e 2 n% not !u:e/t to te %i!/ipinr4 /ontro o0 te /ourt. <F"e !e rue i! o:!ere% in te Aeri/n uri!%i/tion 2ere 0ro re!pon%ent 2ou%

2i! to %r2 !upport 0or i! te!i!. "e %o/trine! tere !o !tre!! tt te pr/ti/e o02 i! iite% to to!e 2o eet te re6uireent! 0or, n% e :een %itte% to, te:r, n% riou! !ttute! or rue! !pe/i0i/4 !o proi%e. <5 "e pr/ti/e o0 2 i! not 20u :u!ine!! e/ept 0or e:er! o0 te :r 2o e /opie% 2it te /on%ition!re6uire% :4 !ttute n% te rue! o0 /ourt. On4 to!e per!on! re o2e% to pr/ti/e 2

2o, :4 re!on o0 ttinent! preiou!4 /6uire% trou e%u/tion n% !tu%4, e:een re/onie% :4 te /ourt! ! po!!e!!in pro0oun% 8no2e%e o0 e !/ien/eentitin te to %i!e, /oun!e 2it, prote/t, or %e0en% te rit!, /i!, or i:iitie! o0teir /ient!, 2it re!pe/t to te /on!tru/tion, interprettion, opertion n% e00e/t o0 2.<G "e u!ti0i/tion 0or e/u%in 0ro te pr/ti/e o0 2 to!e not %itte% to te :r i!

0oun%, not in te prote/tion o0 te :r 0ro /opetition, :ut in te prote/tion o0 te pu:i/0ro :ein %i!e% n% repre!ente% in e tter! :4 in/opetent n% unrei:eper!on! oer 2o te u%i/i %eprtent /n eer/i!e itte /ontro. <7+e e to ne/e!!ri4 n% %e0inite4 ree/t re!pon%ent?! po!ition tt te /on/ept in teUnite% &tte! o0 pre! ! n o//uption !eprte 0ro te 2 pro0e!!ion :e%opte% in ti! uri!%i/tion. +teer 4 :e it! erit!, re!pon%ent /nnot :ut :e 2rett ti! !ou% 0ir!t :e tter 0or u%i/i rue! or ei!tie /tion, n% not o0uniter %option ! it ! %one.



Pre! in te Unite% &tte! re trine% pro0e!!ion!. A! %itte% :4 re!pon%ent,tere re !/oo! n% unier!itie! tere 2i/ o00er !tu%ie! n% %eree! in pree%u/tion, 2ie tere re none in te Piippine!. <H A! te /on/ept o0 te >pre>or >e !!i!tnt> eoe% in te Unite% &tte!, !tn%r%! n% ui%eine! !o eoe%to prote/t te ener pu:i/. One o0 te or !tn%r%!, or ui%eine! 2! %eeope%:4 te Aeri/n Br A!!o/ition 2i/ !et up $ui%eine! 0or te Appro o0 Le

A!!i!tnt E%u/tion Pror! D1973. Lei!tion ! een :een propo!e% to /erti04e !!i!tnt!. "ere re !o !!o/ition! o0 pre! in te Unite% &tte! 2it teiro2n /o%e o0 pro0e!!ion eti/!, !u/ ! te Ntion A!!o/ition o0 Le A!!i!tnt!,In/. n% te Aeri/n Pre A!!o/ition. <9In te Piippine!, 2e !ti e re!tri/te% /on/ept n% iite% //eptn/e o0 2t 4:e /on!i%ere%, ! pre !eri/e. A! pointe% out :4 *I(A, !oe per!on! not %u4i/en!e% to pr/ti/e 2 re or e :een o2e% iite% repre!enttion in :e0 o0noter or to ren%er e !eri/e!, :ut !u/ o2:e !eri/e! re iite% in !/ope n%etent :4 te 2, rue! or reution! rntin peri!!ion tere0or. 3A//or%in4, 2e e %opte% te Aeri/n u%i/i poi/4 tt, in te :!en/e o0/on!titution or !ttutor4 utorit4, per!on 2o ! not :een %itte% ! n ttorne4/nnot pr/ti/e 2 0or te proper %ini!trtion o0 u!ti/e /nnot :e in%ere% :4 te

un2rrnte% intru!ion o0 n unutorie% n% un!8ie% per!on into te pr/ti/e o0 2.31 "t poi/4 !ou% /ontinue to :e one o0 en/ourin per!on! 2o re un!ure o0 teire rit! n% ree%ie! to !ee8 e !!i!tn/e on4 0ro per!on! i/en!e% to pr/ti/e2 in te !tte. 3<Anent te i!!ue on te i%it4 o0 te 6ue!tione% %erti!eent!, te Co%e o0Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4 proi%e! tt 24er in 8in 8no2n i! e !eri/e!! u!e on4 true, one!t, 0ir, %ini0ie% n% o:e/tie in0ortion or !tteent o0 0/t!.33 #e i! not !uppo!e% to u!e or perit te u!e o0 n4 0!e, 0ru%uent, i!e%in,%e/eptie, un%ini0ie%, !e0@u%tor4 or un0ir !tteent or /i rer%in i!6ui0i/tion! or e !eri/e!. 3F Nor ! e p4 or ie !oetin o0 ue torepre!enttie! o0 te !! e%i in nti/iption o0, or in return 0or, pu:i/it4 to ttr/te :u!ine!!. 35 Prior to te %option o0 te Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4, te

Cnon! o0 Pro0e!!ion Eti/! % !o 2rne% tt 24er! !ou% not re!ort to in%ire/t%erti!eent! 0or pro0e!!ion epo4ent, !u/ ! 0urni!in or in!pirin ne2!pper/oent!, or pro/urin i! potorp to :e pu:i!e% in /onne/tion 2it /u!e! in

2i/ te 24er ! :een or i! ene% or /on/ernin te nner o0 teir /on%u/t, tenitu%e o0 te intere!t inoe%, te iportn/e o0 te 24er?! po!ition, n% oteri8e !e0@u%tion. 3G"e !tn%r%! o0 te e pro0e!!ion /on%en te 24er?! %erti!eent o0 i! tent!.A 24er /nnot, 2itout iotin te eti/! o0 i! pro0e!!ion, %erti!e i! tent! or!8i! ! in nner !iir to er/nt %erti!in i! oo%!. 37 "e pro!/riptionin!t %erti!in o0 e !eri/e! or !oi/ittion o0 e :u!ine!! re!t! on te0un%ent po!tute tt te pr/ti/e o0 2 i! pro0e!!ion. "u!, in te /!e o0 "e(ire/tor o0 Reiiou! A00ir! !. E!tni!o R. Bot 3H n %erti!eent, !iir to

to!e o0 re!pon%ent 2i/ re inoe% in te pre!ent pro/ee%in, 39 2! e% to/on!titute iproper %erti!in or !oi/ittion."e pertinent prt o0 te %e/i!ion terein re%!;It i! un%eni:e tt te %erti!eent in 6ue!tion 2! 0rnt iotion :4 tere!pon%ent o0 te eti/! o0 i! pro0e!!ion, it :ein :ren !oi/ittion o0 :u!ine!! 0rote pu:i/. &e/tion <5 o0 Rue 1<7 epre!!4 proi%e! on oter tin! tt >tepr/ti/e o0 !oi/itin /!e! t 2 0or te purpo!e o0 in, eiter per!on4 or tru pi%ent! or :ro8er!, /on!titute! pr/ti/e.> It i! i4 uneti/ 0or n ttorne4 to%erti!e i! tent! or !8i ! er/nt %erti!e! i! 2re!. L2 i! pro0e!!ion n%



not tr%e. "e 24er %er%e! i!e0 n% i! pro0e!!ion 2o !toop! to n% %opt!te pr/ti/e! o0 er/ntii! :4 %erti!in i! !eri/e! or o00erin te to te pu:i/.A! e:er o0 te :r, e %e0ie! te tepe o0 u!ti/e 2it er/enr4 /tiitie! ! teone4@/ner! o0 o% %e0ie% te tepe o0 Jeo. "e o!t 2ort4 n% e00e/tie%erti!eent po!!i:e, een 0or 4oun 24er, . . . i! te e!t:i!ent o0 2e@erite% reputtion 0or pro0e!!ion /p/it4 n% 0i%eit4 to tru!t. "i! /nnot :e 0or/e%

:ut u!t :e te out/oe o0 /r/ter n% /on%u/t.> DCnon <7, Co%e o0 Eti/!.+e repet, te /non! o0 te pro0e!!ion te u! tt te :e!t %erti!in po!!i:e 0or 24er i! 2e@erite% reputtion 0or pro0e!!ion /p/it4 n% 0i%eit4 to tru!t, 2i/u!t :e erne% ! te out/oe o0 /r/ter n% /on%u/t. $oo% n% e00i/ient !eri/e to /ient ! 2e ! to te /ounit4 ! 24 o0 pu:i/iin it!e0 n% /t/in pu:i/ttention. "t pu:i/it4 i! nor :4@pro%u/t o0 e00e/tie !eri/e 2i/ i! rit n%proper. A oo% n% reput:e 24er nee%! no rti0i/i !tiuu! to enerte it n% toni04 i! !u//e!!. #e e!i4 !ee! te %i00eren/e :et2een nor :4@pro%u/t o0 :e!eri/e n% te un2oe!oe re!ut o0 propn%. FO0 /our!e, not t4pe! o0 %erti!in or !oi/ittion re proi:ite%. "e /non! o0 tepro0e!!ion enuerte e/eption! to te rue in!t %erti!in or !oi/ittion n% %e0inete etent to 2i/ te4 4 :e un%ert8en. "e e/eption! re o0 t2o :ro%

/teorie!, ne4, to!e 2i/ re epre!!4 o2e% n% to!e 2i/ re ne/e!!ri4ipie% 0ro te re!tri/tion!. F1"e 0ir!t o0 !u/ e/eption! i! te pu:i/tion in reput:e 2 i!t!, in nner/on!i!tent 2it te !tn%r%! o0 /on%u/t ipo!e% :4 te /non!, o0 :rie0 :iorpi/n% in0ortie %t. >&u/ %t u!t not :e i!e%in n% 4 in/u%e on4 !tteent o0 te 24er?! ne n% te ne! o0 i! pro0e!!ion !!o/ite!)%%re!!e!, teepone nu:er!, /:e %%re!!e!) :rn/e! o0 2 pr/ti/e%) %te n%p/e o0 :irt n% %i!!ion to te :r) !/oo! tten%e% 2it %te! o0 r%ution,%eree! n% oter e%u/tion %i!tin/tion) pu:i/ or 6u!i@pu:i/ o00i/e!) po!t! o0 onor)e utor!ip!) e te/in po!ition!) e:er!ip n% o00i/e! in :r !!o/ition!n% /oittee! tereo0, in e n% !/ienti0i/ !o/ietie! n% e 0rternitie!) te 0/t o0i!tin! in oter reput:e 2 i!t!) te ne! n% %%re!!e! o0 re0eren/e!) n%, 2it

teir 2ritten /on!ent, te ne! o0 /ient! reur4 repre!ente%.> F<"e 2 i!t u!t :e reput:e 2 i!t pu:i!e% priri4 0or tt purpo!e) it /nnot :e ere !uppeent 0eture o0 pper, ine, tr%e ourn or perio%i/ 2i/ i!pu:i!e% prin/ip4 0or oter purpo!e!. *or tt re!on, 24er 4 not proper4pu:i! i! :rie0 :iorpi/ n% in0ortie %t in %i4 pper, ine, tr%e

ourn or !o/iet4 pror. Nor 4 24er perit i! ne to :e pu:i!e% in 2i!t te /on%u/t, neent or /ontent! o0 2i/ re //ute% or i8e4 to %e/eie orinure te pu:i/ or te :r, or to o2er te %init4 or !tn%in o0 te pro0e!!ion. F3"e u!e o0 n or%inr4 !ipe pro0e!!ion /r% i! !o peritte%. "e /r% 4 /ontinon4 !tteent o0 i! ne, te ne o0 te 2 0ir 2i/ e i! /onne/te% 2it,%%re!!, teepone nu:er n% !pe/i :rn/ o0 2 pr/ti/e%. "e pu:i/tion o0 !ipe nnoun/eent o0 te openin o0 2 0ir or o0 /ne! in te prtner!ip,

!!o/ite!, 0ir ne or o00i/e %%re!!, :ein 0or te /onenien/e o0 te pro0e!!ion, i!not o:e/tion:e. #e 4 i8e2i!e e i! ne i!te% in teepone %ire/tor4 :ut notun%er %e!intion o0 !pe/i :rn/ o0 2. FF=eri4, t8in into /on!i%ertion te nture n% /ontent! o0 te %erti!eent! 0or 2i/re!pon%ent i! :ein t8en to t!8, 2i/ een in/u%e! 6uottion o0 te 0ee! /re%:4 !i% re!pon%ent /orportion 0or !eri/e! ren%ere%, 2e 0in% n% !o o% tt te tie%e0inite4 %o not n% /on/u!ie4 /nnot 0 un%er n4 o0 te :oe@entione%e/eption!.



"e ruin in te /!e o0 Bte!, et . !. &tte Br o0 Arion, F5 2i/ i! repete%4ino8e% n% /on!titute! te u!ti0i/tion reie% upon :4 re!pon%ent, i! o:iou!4 notppi/:e to te /!e t :r. *oreo!t i! te 0/t tt te %i!/ipinr4 rue inoe% in!i% /!e epi/it4 o2! 24er, ! n e/eption to te proi:ition in!t%erti!eent! :4 24er!, to pu:i! !tteent o0 e 0ee! 0or n initi /on!uttionor te i:iit4 upon re6ue!t o0 2ritten !/e%ue o0 0ee! or n e!tite o0 te 0ee to

:e /re% 0or te !pe/i0i/ !eri/e!. No !u/ e/eption i! proi%e% 0or, epre!!4 oripie%4, 2eter in our 0orer Cnon! o0 Pro0e!!ion Eti/! or te pre!ent Co%e o0Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4. Be!i%e!, een te %i!/ipinr4 rue in te Bte! /!e/ontin! proi!o tt te e/eption! !tte% terein re >not ppi/:e in n4 !tteune!! n% unti it i! ipeente% :4 !u/ utorit4 in tt !tte.> FG "i! oe! to !o2tt n e/eption to te ener rue, !u/ ! tt :ein ino8e% :4 erein re!pon%ent,/n :e %e on4 i0 n% 2en te /non! epre!!4 proi%e 0or !u/ n e/eption.Oter2i!e, te proi:ition !tn%!, ! in te /!e t :r. LLprIt :er! ention tt in !ure4 /on%u/te% :4 te Aeri/n Br A!!o/ition 0ter te%e/i!ion in Bte!, on te ttitu%e o0 te pu:i/ :out 24er! 0ter ie2in teei!ion/oer/i!, it 2! 0oun% tt pu:i/ opinion %roppe% !ini0i/nt4 F7 2it re!pe/t tote!e /r/teri!ti/! o0 24er!;

"ru!t2ort4 0ro 71Q to 1FQPro0e!!ion 0ro 71Q to 1FQ#one!t0ro G5Q to 1FQ(ini0ie% 0ro F5Q to 1FQ&e/on%4, it i! our 0ir :eie0 tt 2it te pre!ent !itution o0 our e n% u%i/i!4!te!, to o2 te pu:i/tion o0 %erti!eent! o0 te 8in% u!e% :4 re!pon%ent

2ou% on4 !ere to rte 2t i! re%4 %eteriortin pu:i/ opinion o0 te epro0e!!ion 2o!e interit4 ! /on!i!tent4 :een un%er tt/8 te4 :4 e%i n% te/ounit4 in ener. At ti! point in tie, it i! o0 uto!t iportn/e in te 0/e o0 !u/netie, een i0 un0ir, /riti/i!! t tie!, to %opt n% intin tt ee o0pro0e!!ion /on%u/t 2i/ i! :e4on% repro/, n% to eert e00ort! to rein te ie!tee 0orer4 //or%e% to te e pro0e!!ion.

In !u, it i! un%ou:te%4 i!:eior on te prt o0 te 24er, !u:e/t to %i!/ipinr4/tion, to %erti!e i! !eri/e! e/ept in o2:e in!tn/e! FH or to i% 4n inte unutorie% pr/ti/e o0 2. F9 Con!i%erin tt Att4. Roeio P. Noe!, 2o i!te prie in/orportor, or !to/8o%er n% proprietor o0 "e Le Cini/, In/. i! e:er o0 te Piippine Br, e i! ere:4 reprin%e%, 2it 2rnin tt repetitiono0 te !e or !iir /t! 2i/ re inoe% in ti! pro/ee%in 2i :e %et 2it ore!eere4.+ie 2e %ee it ne/e!!r4 tt te 6ue!tion ! to te eit4 or ieit4 o0 tepurpo!e! 0or 2i/ te Le Cini/, In/. 2! /rete% !ou% :e p!!e% upon n%%eterine%, 2e re /on!trine% to re0rin 0ro p!in into n o:iter on tt !pe/t !in/eit i! /er4 not 2itin te %u%i/tie preter! o0 te pre!ent pro/ee%in 2i/ i!ere4 %ini!trtie in nture. It i!, o0 /our!e, ipertie tt ti! tter :e propt4

%eterine%, :eit in %i00erent pro/ee%in n% 0oru, !in/e, un%er te pre!ent !tte o0our 2 n% uri!pru%en/e, /orportion /nnot :e ornie% 0or or ene in tepr/ti/e o0 2 in ti! /ountr4. "i! inter%i/tion, u!t i8e te rue in!t uneti/%erti!in, /nnot :e !u:erte% :4 epo4in !oe !o@/e% pre! !uppo!e%4ren%erin te ee% !upport !eri/e!. /%"e ree%4 0or te pprent :re/ o0 ti! proi:ition :4 re!pon%ent i! te /on/ern n%proin/e o0 te &oi/itor $ener 2o /n in!titute te /orre!pon%in 6uo 2rrnto/tion, 5 0ter %ue !/ertinent o0 te 0/tu :/8roun% n% :!i! 0or te rnt o0re!pon%ent?! /orporte /rter, in it o0 te puttie i!u!e tereo0. "t !pin@o00 0ro



te in!tnt :r tter i! re0erre% to te &oi/itor $ener 0or !u/ /tion ! 4 :ene/e!!r4 un%er te /ir/u!tn/e!.ACCOR(IN$L', te Court Re!oe% to RE&"RAIN n% ENJOIN erein re!pon%ent,"e Le Cini/, In/., 0ro i!!uin or /u!in te pu:i/tion or %i!!eintion o0 n4%erti!eent in n4 0or 2i/ i! o0 te !e or !iir tenor n% purpo!e ! Annee!>A> n% >B> o0 ti! petition, n% 0ro /on%u/tin, %ire/t4 or in%ire/t4, n4 /tiit4,

opertion or trn!/tion pro!/ri:e% :4 2 or te Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Eti/! !in%i/te% erein. Let /opie! o0 ti! re!oution :e 0urni!e% te Interte% Br o0 tePiippine!, te O00i/e o0 te Br Con0i%nt n% te O00i/e o0 te &oi/itor $ener 0orpproprite /tion in //or%n/e ere2it.Nr!, C .J ., Cru, *ei/ino, P%i, Bi%in, $rio@A6uino, (i%e, Jr., Roero,No/on, Beo!io, Meo n% Kui!on, JJ ., /on/ur.*ootnote! 1. Roo, 5. A 0/!iie o0 te !/e! o0 u!ti/e i! printe% toeter 2it n% on te e0t!i%e o0 >"e Le Cini/, In/.> in :ot %erti!eent! 2i/ 2ere pu:i!e% in ne2!pper o0 ener /ir/ution. <. F33 U.&. 35, 53 L E% <% H1, 97 & Ct. <G91. 3. Re!oution %te% Jnur4 15, 1991, Roo, G) Re!oution %te% (e/e:er 1,

1991, Roo, 3<H. F. Po!ition Pper prepre% :4 Att4. B!iio #. Ao, IBP (ire/tor 0or Le A00ir!, 1,1) Roo, <9, <1H. 5. Meorn%u prepre% :4 Att4. Jo!e A. $rpion, Cirn, Coittee on Br(i!/ipine, n% Att4. enn4 #. "ntui/o, 1G@1H, <7@<9) Roo F1F@F1G, F<5@F<7. G. Po!ition Pper prepre% :4 Att4. R0e (. A:ier, Jr., Cirn, Coittee onL24er!? Rit! n% Le Eti/!, n% Att4. Arturo M. %e Ro!rio, Pre!i%ent, 5@G) Roo,<F1@<F<. 7. Po!ition Pper prepre% :4 Att4. Loreno &uuon, Pre!i%ent, n% Att4.Mrino M. M!in, =i/e@Pre!i%ent, <, F@5) Roo, 93, 95@9G. H. Po!ition Pper prepre% :4 Att4. =i/tori C. %e o! Re4e!, 1@<) Roo, 15@1G. 9. Meorn%u prepre% :4 Att4. =i/tori C. %e o! Re4e!, 1@11) Roo, 37@371.

1. Po!ition Pper prepre% :4 Att4. Leti/i E. &:n, O00i/er@in@Cre, +LAP*ree Le Ai% Cini/, 1@<) Roo, [email protected]. Po!ition Pper prepre% :4 Att4. Li4 C. Lipe, Pre!i%ent, n% Att4. Br:rAnne C. Mio!, H@1<, <3@<F) Roo, 139@1F3, [email protected]<. Annottion; 111 ALR <3.13. #o2ton !. Morro2, <G9 #4. 1.1F. +e!t =irini &tte Br !. Ere4, 19 &.E. <% F<3, 1FF +. =. 5F) Ro%e I!.Br A!!o/. . Autoo:ie &eri/e A!!o/. DR.I. 179 A. 139, 1FF.15. Peope !. C!ten, HH Coo. <<9.1G. (epe2, et . !. +it/it A!!n. o0 Cre%it Men., In/., 1F< n. F3.17. *it/ette !. "4or, 9F ALR 35G.1H. Mn%eu !. $i:ert Br8er M0. Co., <9 N'& FG<1H.

19. <1 &CRA <1 D1991.<. Coent o0 Re!pon%ent, 3) Roo, 15.<1. Roo, 13@131.<<. Meorn%u o0 U.P. +ILOCI, 1<@13) Roo, 37<@373.<3. &e/. 1, Rue 13H, Rue! o0 Court.<F. Pi. A!!?n. o0 *ree L:or Union!, et . !. Bin:n@I!:e &ur Co., et .,F< &CRA 31< D1971.<5. 7 C.J.&., Attorne4 Cient, HG3, HGF.<G. Mounier !. Re/in, 17 &o. 5G7.



<7. Lo2e Br A!!?n. !. Loe:. 5< N.E. <% <7, 315 M!!. 17G) 7 C.J.&., Attorne4 Cient GF, HG5.<H. Coent o0 Re!pon%ent, <) Roo, 1F.<9. Po!ition Pper, U.P. +oen L24er!? Cir/e D+ILOCI, 11@1<, /itin &tt!84,Intro%u/tion to Prei!, <1F@<<F, +e!t Pu:i!in Co. D197F n% &4ne, "ePre Pro0e!!ion, O/en Pu:i/tion!, 1977, Appen%i II III) Roo, 11G@117.

3. Iu!trtion!; D A 2 !tu%ent 2o ! !u//e!!0u4 /opete% i! tir% 4er o0te reur 0our@4er pre!/ri:e% 2 /urri/uu n% i! enroe% in re/onie% 2!/oo?! /ini/ e e%u/tion pror pproe% :4 te &upree Court DRue 13H@A,Rue! o0 Court)D: An o00i/i or oter per!on ppointe% or %e!inte% in //or%n/e

2it 2 to pper 0or te $oernent o0 te Piippine! in /!e in 2i/ teoernent ! n intere!t D&e/. 33, Rue 13H, i%.)D/ An ent or 0rien% 2o i%! prt4@itint in uni/ip /ourt 0or te purpo!e o0 /on%u/tin te itition D&e/. 3F,Rue 13H) i%.)D% A per!on, re!i%ent o0 te proin/e n% o0 oo% repute 0or pro:it4 n%:iit4, 2o i! ppointe% /oun!e %e o0i/io to %e0en% te //u!e% in o/itie! 2eree:er! o0 te :r re not i:e D&e/. F, Rue 11G, i%.)De Per!on! rei!tere% or!pe/i4 re/onie% to pr/ti/e in te Piippine Ptent O00i/e Dno2 8no2n ! teBureu o0 Ptent!, "r%er8! n% "e/noo4 "rn!0er in tr%er8, !eri/e r8

n% tr%e ne /!e! DRue <3, Rue! o0 Pr/ti/e in "r%er8 C!e!)D0 A non@24er 2o 4 pper :e0ore te Ntion L:or Retion! Coi!!ion or n4 L:or Ar:iteron4 i0 D1 e repre!ent! i!e0 ! prt4 to te /!e) D< e repre!ent! n ornitionor it! e:er!, proi%e% tt e ! :e %e to pre!ent 2ritten proo0 tt e i!proper4 utorie%) or D3 e i! %u4@//re%ite% e:er o0 n4 e i% o00i/e %u4re/onie% :4 te (eprtent o0 Ju!ti/e or te Interte% Br o0 te Piippine! in /!e!re0erre% tereto :4 te tter DNe2 Rue! o0 Pro/e%ure o0 te Ntion L:or Retion!Coi!!ion)D An ent, not n ttorne4, repre!entin te ot o2ner or /int in /!e 0in un%er te C%!tr A/t D&e/. 9, A/t No. <<59) n%D Notrie! pu:i/ 0oruni/ipitie! 2ere /opetion n% p!!in te !tu%ie! o0 2 in reput:e unier!it4or !/oo o0 2 i! %eee% !u00i/ient 6ui0i/tion 0or ppointent D&e/. <33,A%ini!trtie Co%e o0 1917. &ee Roo, 1FF@1F5.

31. 7 C.J.&., Attorne4 Cient, HGG) Jon!to2n Co Co8e Co. o0 Ne2 'or8 !.U.&., 1< Ct. C. <H5.3<. *ori% Br !. Bru:ut, 355 &o. <% 11HG.33. Cnon 3, Co%e o0 Pro0e!!ion Re!pon!i:iit4.3F. Rue 3.1, i%.35. Rue 3.F, i%.3G. Cnon <7, Cnon! o0 Pro0e!!ion Eti/!.37. Peope !. &it, 93 A. &t. Rep. <G.3H. 7F Pi. 579 D19FF.39. "e %erti!eent in !i% /!e 2! ! 0oo2!; >Mrrie i/en!e propt4!e/ure% tru our !!i!tn/e te nno4n/e o0 %e4 or pu:i/it4 oi%e% i0 %e!ire%, n%rrie rrne% to 2i!e! o0 prtie!. Con!uttion on n4 tter 0ree 0or te poor.

Eer4tin /on0i%enti.F. Apo, Le Eti/!, *ourt E%ition D19H9, [email protected]. Op. /it., H.F<. Op. /it., H, /itin Cnon <7, Cnon! o0 Pro0e!!ion Eti/!.F3. Op. /it., H, H1, /itin A.B.A. Op. G9 DMr. 19, 193<) A.B.A. Op. 133 DMr. 13,1935) A.B.A. Op. <F DJn. <F, 193) n% Cnon F3, Cnon! o0 Pro0e!!ion Eti/!.FF. Op. /it., H1, /itin A.B.A. Op. 11 DM4 11, 19<7) A.B.A. Op. <F DJn. <F, 193)A.B.A. Op!. 53 D(e/. 1F, 1931, 1<3 D(e/. 1F, 193F, DJu4 1<, 19F1, <F1 D*e:. <1,19F<, <HF DAu. 1951) n% <HG D&ept. <5, 195<.



F5. &upr, *n <.FG. I%., H1, H<5.F7. Po!ition Pper o0 te Piippine Br A!!o/ition, 1<, /itin te Aeri/n BrA!!o/ition Journ, Jnur4, 19H9, p. G) Roo, <FH.FH. In re "or%, 53 Pi. 37 D19<9) "e (ire/tor o0 Reiiou! A00ir! !. B4ot,!upr, *n 3H.

F9. U.&. !. Ne4 Bo!6ue, H Pi. 1FG D197) Peope !. Lun, 1< Pi. 9GHD195H.5. &e/!. < n% 3, Rue GG, Rue! o0 Court, in retion to &e/. GD1, P.(. No. 9<@An% &e/. 1<1, Corportion Co%e.

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2 04 Ulep vs. Legal Clinic