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1. Where on the chest wall can you hear the heartbeat the best?
2. Name this structure
3. Name this valve
4. When the ventricles are in systole, is this valve open or closed?
5. What is a heart murmur?
Blood Vessels
• Histological structure of vessels• arteries• maintaining constant blood pressure• aneurisms• capillaries• veins• variations in circulatory pathways• examples of portal systems• blood supply to the brain
Tunica intima• endothelium• BM
Tunica media• smooth muscle• collagen• some elastin
Tunica externa• loose CT• vasa vasorum
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa L. artery
Medium sized artery
arteriolevenule
Medium sized vein
L. vein
capillary
1. Conducting arteries expand & recoilWith increasing and decreasing pressure
2. measure pressure, adjust HR and dilate or constrict BV’s
HighBP
Lower HR
How to maintain constant blood pressure
Fig. 21.4(TE Art)Carotid body
Common carotidartery
Aortic bodyAortic arch
Carotid sinus
Baroreceptors
Baroreceptors
Fig. 16.1(TE Art)
GlossopharyngealNerve (CN IX)
Vagus nerve(CN X)
Baroreceptorssense increasedblood pressure
Heart rate decreases
Continuous
FenestratedSinusoids
pericyte
Endothelial cell
hepatocyte
• Clefts• Tight junctions
• Clefts • Pores
Fig. 21.10(TE Art)Distribution of blood
Pulmonary18%
Veins54%
Systemic70%
Heart12%
Arteries11%
Capillaries5%
Fig. 21.12(TE Art)
1 capillary bed
Portal system(2 capillary beds)
Arteriovenousanastomosis
Arterial anastomosesVenous anastomoses