1.1. What are the building blocks What are the building blocks of minerals.of minerals.

Elements

2.2. What is an element.What is an element.

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.

CuAu

Ag

3.3. What is the element with What is the element with the chemical symbol N?the chemical symbol N?

NitrogenNitrogen

4.4. What is the element with the What is the element with the chemical symbol Cu?chemical symbol Cu?

CopperCopper

5.5. What is the element with What is the element with the chemical symbol Au?the chemical symbol Au?

GoldGold

6.6. Some elements are minerals Some elements are minerals because they exist is pure form like because they exist is pure form like gold or silver. gold or silver.

But, most minerals are But, most minerals are ______________ of elements.______________ of elements.combinationscombinations

7.7. What does the number at the What does the number at the top of each element mean?top of each element mean?

Atomic NumberAtomic Number

8

O15.999

8.8. What are the rows in the What are the rows in the periodic table called?periodic table called?

9.9. What are the columns in the What are the columns in the periodic table called?periodic table called?

10.10. Many of the elements in the Many of the elements in the periodic table are metals. What are periodic table are metals. What are

the three specific properties the three specific properties of metals?of metals?

Shaped and drawn into wire

Conduct heat

Conduct electricity

11. Elements combine to form many 11. Elements combine to form many different compounds. They are the different compounds. They are the _________ ________ of the earth’s _________ ________ of the earth’s crust.crust.

building blocks

12.12. All elements are made of __________.All elements are made of __________.atomsatoms

13.13. What is an atom?What is an atom?

Smallest particle of matter.

14.14. What are the fours parts of an atom?What are the fours parts of an atom?NucleusProtonsElectronsNeutons

Electrons

ProtonsProtons

Neutrons

15.15. What kind of electrical charge do What kind of electrical charge do each of the atom’s parts have?each of the atom’s parts have?

Electron = Negative

Proton = Positive

Neutron = None

16.16. Where, in an atom, are Where, in an atom, are the protons located?the protons located?

Nucleus

17.17. Where, in an atom, are Where, in an atom, are the electrons located?the electrons located?

Around the nucleus in and electron cloud.

18.18. Where, in an atom, are Where, in an atom, are the neutrons located?the neutrons located?

NucleusNucleus

19.19. What does the atomic number What does the atomic number tell us about an atom?tell us about an atom?

The number of protons in the nucleus.

20.20. Oxygen atoms have 8 protons in Oxygen atoms have 8 protons in their nuclei. Therefore, an oxygen atom their nuclei. Therefore, an oxygen atom has _____ electrons surrounding its has _____ electrons surrounding its nucleus. nucleus.

8

21. 21. What are energy levels What are energy levels as related to atoms?as related to atoms?

Electrons are located in energy levels around the nucleus of an atom.

22.22. What is an isotope?What is an isotope?Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

23.23. What does the mass What does the mass number of an atom tell us?number of an atom tell us?

Protons plus neutrons or the Protons plus neutrons or the total mass of the atom.total mass of the atom.

8

O15.999

24.24. How many different How many different isotopes of carbon are there?isotopes of carbon are there?

25. _____________makes up about 25. _____________makes up about 99% of the earth’s crust.99% of the earth’s crust.

Carbon 12

26. What can happen to atoms which 26. What can happen to atoms which have unstable nuclei?have unstable nuclei?

Can disintegrate by radioactive decay

27. What is a compound?27. What is a compound?

A substance composed of 2 or more elements

28. What is it called when chemical 28. What is it called when chemical elements combine to form other elements combine to form other compounds?compounds?

Bonding

29. Electrons move around the 29. Electrons move around the nucleus of an atom in a region called nucleus of an atom in a region called an ____________that exist in an ____________that exist in different energy levels.different energy levels.

electron cloud

30. Each energy level around an atom’s nucleus 30. Each energy level around an atom’s nucleus contains a specific number of electrons.contains a specific number of electrons.When an atom’s outer most energy level does When an atom’s outer most energy level does not contain the maximum number of electrons, not contain the maximum number of electrons, the atom is likely to form a the atom is likely to form a ________________________________ with one or more other atoms.with one or more other atoms.

chemical bond

31. What are the 3 principal types of 31. What are the 3 principal types of chemical bonds?chemical bonds?

Ionic bond, Covalent bond, Metallic bond

32. What charge does an atom that 32. What charge does an atom that gains electrons have?gains electrons have?

Negative charge

33. What charge does an atom that 33. What charge does an atom that loses electrons have?loses electrons have?

Positive charge

34. When an atom has an electrical 34. When an atom has an electrical charge due to gaining or losing charge due to gaining or losing electrons, it is called an_______.electrons, it is called an_______.ion

35. Salt is known by its chemical name 35. Salt is known by its chemical name ______________, and by its mineral ______________, and by its mineral

name name ________.________.sodium chloride

halite

36. What is a covalent bond?36. What is a covalent bond?

A bond between atoms that share electrons

37. Silicon dioxide is a common 37. Silicon dioxide is a common covalent compound. It is also covalent compound. It is also known as _________.known as _________.quartz

38. How do metallic bonds form?38. How do metallic bonds form?Formed when electrons are shared between metal ions