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Availability Tracking as a Means to Increase LHC Physics Production
B. Todd1, A. Apollonio1 and L. Ponce1
1CERN – European Organisation for Nuclear Research, Switzerland
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1. LHC and Injectors
process, metricsKey Performance Indicators
2. Availability
fault time, impact on physics2012 experience, limitations
3. The Future
cannot rigorously correlate impact on physics using current information: need to track faults
… tracking faults, asset and maintenance management are all related
inverse femtobarn is the LHC’s Key Performance Indicator …… a function of time in physics, faults, beam performance and turnaround time
tracking faults gives a means to improve physics production …
& machine understanding
Outline
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CERNAccelerator ComplexLake Geneva
GenevaAirport
CERN LAB 1 (Switzerland)
CERN LAB 2 (France)
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CERNAccelerator ComplexLake Geneva
GenevaAirport
CERN LAB 1 (Switzerland)
CERN LAB 2 (France)
Proton Synchrotron(PS)
Super Proton Synchrotron(SPS)
Large Hadron Collider(LHC)
27km long150m underground
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CERN
6 of 23
Accelerator Complex
Large Hadron Collider(LHC)
Beam-1 Transfer Line (TI2)
Beam-2 Transfer Line(TI8)
Beam Dumping Systems
Super Proton Synchrotron(SPS)
100us for one turn,
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CERNAccelerator Complex
CMS
ALICE
ATLAS
LHC-b
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CERNAccelerator Complex
CMS
ALICE
ATLAS
LHC-b
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Key Performance Indicators
KPI of the LHC as a proton-physics machine =
2010 3.5
2011 3.5
2012 4.0
LS1-2 ≈6.5
Year Peak Energy [TeV]
9
[1,2,3]
4.0 x 1013
2.0 x 1014
2.2 x 1014
≈3 x 1014
Peak Intensity [p]
2.0 x 1032
3.6 x 1033
7.7 x 1033
≈1 x 1034
Peak Luminosity [cm-2 s-1]
<0.1
≈5.3
≈23.3
?
Integrated Luminosity[fb-1]
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Integrated Luminosity Model
10
more time in physics
less
more
more time in physics
higher physics performance
higher
lower
more time in physics
higher physics performance
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
longer
shorter
more time in physics
higher physics performance
less time clearing faults
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
less
more
more time in physics
higher physics performance
less time clearing faults
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
more time in physics
higher physics performance
less time clearing faults
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
integrated luminosity is a function of…
1. time colliding physics beams2. turnaround between successive physics beams
3. time to clear faults4. physics performance during colliding beams
machine understandingavailability!
more time in physics
higher physics performance
less time clearing faults
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
Integrated luminosity
more time in physics
higher physics performance
less time clearing faults
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
Integrated luminosity
more time in physics
higher physics performance
less time clearing faults
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
Integrated luminosity
more time in physics
higher physics performance
less time clearing faults
shorterturnaround between
physics fills
machine understanding& operator skill
availability
Integrated luminosity
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Post Mortem : Dump Cause – 2012
[5]
585 in total
12.7%
3.7%
22.8%
355
2010 in green
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Post Mortem : Dump Cause – 2012
[5]
11
26
74
228
246
585 dumps
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Operations : Lost Physics & Fault Time
Lost Physics = stable beams cut short
Fault Time = waiting to re-start+impact on physics:
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Lost Physics
Average time in physics when reaching End of Fill = 9 hours … good turnaround = 3 hours
if fill did not have 9 hours stable beams : dump cause is assigned up to 3 hours lost physics
Lost Physics = stable beams cut short by faults
Begin InjectionBegin Injection
Start Physics
= Lost Physics
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Operations : Lost Physics per Cause
345 causes = 812h = 34 days
[5]
812 hours lost physics
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Fault TimeFault Time = time to repair a faulty system
Beam Abort
Begin InjectionBegin Injection
Start Physics Start Physics
Cause X FAULT
F
F
Cause Y
Cause Z
Fault Time X
Fault Time Y
Fault Time Z
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Operations : Fault Time per Cause
[6]
1524 hours = 64 days = fault time
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Operations : Lost Physics + Fault Time
[5]
812 hours = 34 days = lost physics
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Operations : Lost Physics + Fault Time
[5 + 6]
812 hours = 34 days = lost physics1524 hours = 64 days = fault time
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Limits of the 2012 Study
1. information capture should be easier and rigorous…+ tracking and understanding faults is inconsistent.
3. Information analysis should be easier…+ better tools needed+ Simple, easy to use
2. Dealing with parallel / hidden / dependent faults should be built in…+ find one fault, fix it, find another, fix it, … etc…
Availability Working Group investigating
“cardiogram” visually reveals weaknesses of current methods
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“LHC Cardiogram” – August 2012
energy
beam-1 intensitybeam-2 intensity
stable beams = producing physicspost-mortem = beam dump
faults recorded
LHC Cardiogram – a new way of seeing LHC availability
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“LHC Cardiogram” – August 2012
energy
beam-1 intensitybeam-2 intensity
stable beams = producing physicspost-mortem = beam dump
faults recorded
LHC Cardiogram – a new way of seeing LHC availability
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“LHC Cardiogram” – August 2012LHC Cardiogram – a new way of seeing LHC availability
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“LHC Cardiogram” – August 2012LHC Cardiogram – a new way of seeing LHC availability
conclusions based on 2012 study are weakened
need consistent recording of fault information before looking for areas to improvement
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In closing - I argue that…
… if we are serious about improving the physics-performance of LHC:
1. maximise the machine understanding and operator skill – OP’s business2. track and analyse fault information to drive availability optimisation – all of our business
LHC Availability Working Group is studying above hypothesis #2 Proposal for an LHC Systems Availability Tracker being developed
part of an integrated event & asset management approach?
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finthank you!
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References
From the Chamonix Performance Workshop 2011http://indico.cern.ch/conferenceOtherViews.py?view=standard&confId=103957
[1]
30
Extracted from http://lhc-statistics.web.cern.ch/LHC-Statistics/index.php[2]
Extrapolated from W. Herr’s talk: “Luminosity Performance Reach After LS1”
[3]
Extracted from PM database and timber “STABLE BEAMS” flag[4]
PM database Extracted from 1st March – 6th December 2012 [5]
Sort by MPS Dump Cause. Discard EOF, MD & MPS TEST[6]
