1st NISAR Science Workshop Space Applications Centre ... Science Workshop_Presentations/OV-01.pdf · Space Applications Centre NISAR Mission Overview ... NISAR Science Workshop, SAC

NASA ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)

NISAR Science Workshop – 2014Space Applications Centre

NISAR Mission OverviewTapan Misra (ISRO) & Paul Rosen (JPL)

Space Applications Centre (SAC)

2NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014*Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and Discussion Purposes Only

Payload / Mission Characteristics Would Enable1 L-band (24 cm wavelength) Low temporal decorrelation and

foliage penetration

2 S-band (12 cm wavelength) Sensitivity to light vegetation

3 SweepSAR technique with Imaging Swath > 240 km

Global data collection

4 Polarimetry (Single/Dual/Quad) Surface characterization and biomass estimation

5 12-day exact repeat Rapid Sampling

6 3 – 10 meters mode-dependent SAR resolution Small-scale observations

7 3 years science operations (5 years consumables)

Time-series analysis

8 Pointing control < 273 arcseconds Deformation interferometry

9 Orbit control < 500 meters Deformation interferometry

10 > 30% observation duty cycle Complete land/ice coverage

11 Left/Right pointing capability Polar coverage, north and south

NISAR Mission Overview

3NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014

Key Capabilities for NISAR

Repeatable orbits and instrument pointing

Swath width sufficient to cover ground-track spacing at equator

Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar with “industry-standard” performance parameters valid over the full swath

All imaging with the instrument boresight pointed 37 degrees off-nadir and +/- 90 degrees off the body-fixed velocity vector

Orbit reconstruction to cm-scale accuracy for efficient interferometric processing and calibration

Sufficient duty cycle and mission resources to strobe Earth’s land and ice on ascending and descending orbits each repeat cycle

24-hour turnaround on urgent retargeting and 5-hour latency for data designated as urgent

*Mission Concept – Pre-decisional – for Planning and Discussion Purposes Only


All science disciplines require frequent coverage over global targets

NISAR approach would acquire sufficient swath to cover equatorial ground track extent Global access at desired time

sampling and imaging characteristics

~236 km Earth-fixed ground track spacing at equator for 12-day repeat orbit


NISAR Swath Coverage


NISAR S-SAR Operation – Multiple PRF Pulses

Parameter Specification

Antenna12m diameter reflector

with active-feedTransmit Gain/

Power37dBi / 165Watt/Pol

No. of Receive Beams/ No. of TR

Elements24H and 24V

Receive Gain / Beamwidth

48dBi / 0.50 to 1.30

(elevation)

TRM Phase Control6-bit, 00 to 3600 , in

steps of 5.6250

TRM Gain Control6-bit, 0 to 31.5dB,in

steps of 0.5dB PRF 1850 – 2500Hz*

Pulse Width10µs to 40µs Variable

in Steps Chirp Bandwidth 25/37.5/75MHz


NISAR Imaging and Orbit Geometry Wide swath in all modes for global coverage at 12

day repeat (2-5 passes over a site depending upon latitude)

Data acquired ascending and descending

Left/Right Pointing Capability (Right nominal)

Yaw flipping once in 6 months

747

km

Earth surface

Observation Geometry

12 m dia. Reflector

33o

47o 6 AM / 6 PM Orbit98.5o inclinationArctic Polar Hole: 87.5R/77.5LAntarctic Polar Hole: 77.5R/87.5L



NASA/ISRO Work ShareITEM ISRO NASA/JPL

Spacecraft Bus System √

Spacecraft Operations √

Launch Vehicle √

Payload √ S-band SAR √ L-band SAR

Reflector Boom Assembly √

Structure √

Solid State Data Recorder for S-and L-Band Science Data

√

GPS Receiver √

Engineering Downlink √ Using ISRO ground stations

Science Downlink √ Subset of S- and L-band science data to ISRO Ka-band ground station

√ All science data to US Ground Station

System AIT at JPL √ Support (S-band SAR I&T) √ Primary

Observatory AIT at ISRO √ Primary √ Support

Mission Design and Navigation

√ Support √ Primary

Science Planning √ Joint planning √ Joint planning

Science Data System √ S & L-band algorithm development and distribution of S-band L0B, L1, L2, and cal/val data to users

√ L & S-band algorithm development and delivery of L-band L0B, L1, L2, and cal/val data to DAAC

Science Data Archive √ All S- and L-band data √ All S- and L-band data


NISAR Flight System

Spacecraft bus (ISRO) ISRO I3K heritage bus with several modifications

(structure, power switches and reaction wheels)

L-band SAR (JPL) L-band SAR Electronics L-band Feed RF Aperture Radar Instrument Structure (RIS) Radar Antenna Boom (RAB) Radar Antenna Reflector (RAR)

S-band SAR (ISRO) S-band SAR Electronics S-band Feed RF Aperture

ISRO

JPL



Engineering Payload (JPL) Payload Communication Subsystem (PCS)

○ Ka-band high rate transmitter GPS Payload (GPSP)

○ GPS receiver Solid State Recorder (SSR) Payload Data Subsystem (PDS) Power Distribution Unit (PDU)

Launch Vehicle (ISRO) Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)

Mark-II


ISRO

JPL

NISAR Flight System


NISAR Configuration (Stowed)

Radar Antenna Boom -JPL

Radar Antenna Reflector

Radar Instrument Structure

L-band Electronics - JPL


S-band Electronics: ISRO


NISAR Mission Architecture(Uplink/commanding Process)

ISRO

NASA/JPL

Joint


JPL Flight System OperationNavigationTelecom etc

Spacecraft Operations(ISAC/ISTRAC)

Joint Science Team

Instrument / Science / Operation(ISAC/ISTRAC) JPL Instrument / Science

Operation

Maneuver Design

Maneuver Implementation

ISRO Ka band Contact Schedule

Ka Band Telecom Sequence

L-SAR Commands

Coordinate Observation Plan

Observation Requirement

S-SAR Commands


NISAR Mission Architecture(Downlink Process)


ISRO

NASA/JPL

Joint

JPL Flight System OperationPOD & NavigationTelecom etc.

Spacecraft Operations(ISAC/ISTRAC)

Instrument / Science Operations(ISAC/ISTRAC)

Science Data Processing (S-Band) – NRSC-ISRO

ISRO Science Data Archiving and Distribution– NRSC-ISRO

ISAC Telemetry Display

JPL Instrument / Science Operations

JPL Science data Processing (L-Band)

NASA Science Data Archiving and Distribution

ISRO Ka-Band Ground Station

(NRSC-ISRO)

Partial L&S band Data

S/C TelemetryJPL HK Telemetry

Ephemeris Predicts

Precision Orbit Products

All L&S SAR Data

GPS Data FilesJPL HK Telemetry

L-SAR HK Telemetry

All L&S SAR DataS/C Ancillary Data

S/C Engineering Telemetry &

Ancillary Data

ISRO S-band Ground Station (ISTRAC)


NISAR Observation Concept Science targets are observed in specific fixed modes, with culling at

high latitudes to reduce overlapped data takes

“Background Land” satisfies deformation and biomass objectives


Observation Strategy L-band S-band1 Science Target Mode+ Mode2 Background Land DP HH/HV3 Land Ice SP HH4 Sea Ice Dynamics SP VV5 Urban Areas6 US Agriculture QP HH/HV

VV/VH7 Himalayas CP RH/RV8 India Agriculture9 India Coastal Ocean QQP HH/VV

10 Sea Ice Types DP VV/VH


NISAR Radar Mode Bandwidth Options

L-band modes used for land and land-ice imaging include 5 MHz sideband Useful for ionospheric

correction Used for all L-band

polarization modes Ensures interferometric

compatibility independent of bandwidth and polarization

“5 MHz”

“20+5 MHz”

“40+5 MHz”

“80 MHz”

1215 – 1300 MHz

f

“25 MHz”

“37.5 MHz”

“75 MHz”

f

3162.5 – 3237.5 MHz


S-Band Modes have three available Bandwidths


NISAR Data Products


S.No. Data Product Description

1 Level 0B Raw radar data and associated metadata, reformatted telemetry

2 Calibration Data Calibration parameters for high level data processing

3 Precision Orbit Determination Data Precision orbit data derived from GPS

4 Level 1 Full resolution images

5 Level 2Reduced resolution images, interferogram and correlation, polarimetric backscatter, all in engineering and geocoded coordinates

6Level 3 Science Products for Cal/Val areas

Biomass, disturbance, ice and land displacements, in geocoded coordinates


GSLV Launch Profile for NISAR Mission


Science Utilization Workshop Goals

Inform and energize larger Indian community of NISAR Encourage scientific partnerships for data utilization Identify leveraging opportunities arising among interagency science

programs Encourage new ways to use NISAR for new science

19NISAR Science Workshop, SAC Ahmedabad – 17th & 18th Nov. 2014375 Participants from 50 Cities (83 Institutes/Organisations/Universities)

NI-SAR Science Workshop(Organisational Participation: Spatial

Distribution)


375 Participants from 83 Institutes/Organisations/Universities

NI-SAR Science Workshop(Organisational Participation: Spatial

Distribution)Percent Organisations/Institutes Per cent Participants


Summary NISAR Workshop : Organisational Participation

ORIGIN PARTICIPANTS

1 US Participants 10

2 Academic Institutes/Engg. Colleges 14

3 Govt. Orgn/Institutes/Departments 38

4 ISRO/DOS 232

5 IITs/IISc/IIM 20

6 NITs 9

7 Private Sector 11

8 Universities 51

TOTAL 385


US Participants for NISAR Science Workshop

1 Paul A. Rosen Project Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory

2 Scott Hensley Radar Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory

3 Benjamin M. Holt Research Scientist Jet Propulsion Laboratory

4 Alok Chatterjee Mission Interface Manager Jet Propulsion Laboratory

5 Bradford H. Hager Professor of GeophysicsMassachussets Institute of Technology

6 Gerald W. Bawden Senior Research Scientist NASA Headquarters

7 Sanghamitra Dutta Program Executive NASA Headquarters

8 Ian R. Joughin Senior Research Scientist University of Washington

9 Josef M. Kelindorfer Senior Research Scientist Woods Hole Research Center


Next Slide is a Video

NISAR Mission Overview

Courtesy Dr. Rosen Paul (JPL)



Thank You


Mode # Primary Science Target Freq POL BW [MHz]L1 Background Land L DP HH/HV 20+5L2 Land Ice L SP HH 80L3 Sea Ice Dynamics L SP VV 5L4 Sea Ice Types L DP VV/VH 20+5L5 Urban Areas, Himalayas L DP HH/HV 40+5L6 US & India Agriculture L QP HH/HV/VH/VV 40+5L7 Quasi-Quad Split Spectrum L DP HH/HV 20+ VV/VH 5 20L8 Compact -POL L CP RH/RV 20S1 Solid Earth /Ice/Veg/Coast/Bathymetry S Quasi-Quad 37.5S2 Ecosystem/ Coastal Ocean/ Cryosphere S QDT HH/VV? 25S3 Agriculture /Sea Ice S CP RH/RV 25S4 Glacial Ice – High Resolution S CP RH/RV 37.5S5 Deformation S SP HH (or SP VV) 25S6 Deformation – Max Resolution S SP HH (or SP VV) 75

L5+S4 Glacial Ice – Himalayas L+S L: DP HH/HVS: CP RH/RV

40+537.5

L4+S3 Sea Ice Types L+S L: DP VV/VHS: CP RH/RV

20+525

L6+S3 India Agriculture L+S L: QP HH/HV/VH/VVS: CP RH/RV

40+525

L5+S6 High-Res Deformation(Disaster / Urgent Response) L+S L: DP HH/HV

S: SP HH (or SPVV)40+575

NISAR Science Modes


1st Year(2014)

2nd Year(2015)

3rd Year(2016)

4th Year(2017)

5th Year(2018)

6th Year(2019)

7th Year(2020)

Quarters 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Project Review MeetingsBDR

PDR

CDR

PSR

ETM Developmenti TRiM Developmentii Baseband H/W*iii Integrationiv Checkoutv Interface Testing at JPL

Selective QM DevelopmentFM Hardware Development/Delivery

i FM Procurementii TRiM Developmentiii Baseband H/Wiv Integrationv Checkout and Delivery to JPL #

JPL Integration and Delivery to ISACISAC Integration and Delivery to Launch SiteLaunch and Post Launch CAL/VALData Availability to Users**

**Nominal mission life is 5 years from first operation in space

S-SAR Development ScheduleAs per 2019 (Sept) Projected Launch Date


RADIOMETERS

DELIVERED1. SAMIR On Bhaskara-

1(1978)2. SAMIR On Bhaskara-

2(1981) 3. Microwave Scanning

Microwave Radiometer (MSMR) On Oceansat-1(1999)

SCATTEROMETERS(Ku band)( (2009)

MADRAS On Meghatrophiques (2011)

ONGOING:Ku-BAND Scatterometer(ScatSAT,OS-3)

MILLI-METER WAVE SOUNDER

Temperature Sounding Unit (TSU)

Dual Frequency (L & S-BAND) SAR On Chandrayaan-2

PlanetaryLandSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)(Imaging Sensor For Land-mapping With Civilian & Strategic Applications)

SPACEBORNE:DELIVERED:

C-BAND SAR on Radar Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1) (2002-2009)

ONGOING:L-BAND SAR (RISAT-3)RISAT-1A (Repeat of RISAT-

1)NI-SAR (S-Band SAR)

AIRBORNE:FLOWN:

Airborne SAR (ASAR) (1992)Disaster Management SAR

(DMSAR) – C-BAND (2005)

ONGOING:DMSAR – C-BANDDMSAR - X-BANDMiniSAR – X BandGB ScattGround Penetration Radar

AtmosphereOceanMicrowave Remote Sensing – Heritage/Future Mission


SAC-ISRO SAR Projects – Heritage/Future Mission

Project Freq. Band 20

0120

0220

0320

0420

0520

0620

0720

0820

0920

1020

1120

1220

1320

1420

1520

1620

1720

1820

1920

2020

21

SLAR* XASAR* C

DMSAR* CRISAT-1 C

Ch-II L&SMiniSAR* XRISAT-1A C

L&S Band SAR* L&SNISAR S&L

Operational Phase

Development Phase

Launch Phase

Future Missions

Completed/Operational

*Airborne Missions

Spaceborne Missions

Documents

1st NISAR Science Workshop Space Applications Centre ... Science Workshop_Presentations/OV-01.pdf · Space Applications Centre NISAR Mission Overview ... NISAR Science Workshop, SAC