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bio 11 lab
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1st Exam Review
Microscopy
Path of Light
Compound Microscope
Inverted mirror imagemoves to opposite direction magnification resolution
Dissecting MicroscopeSingle Lens system Erect Image Magnifier (20x)
Calibration
Calibration FormulasDont forget the units!
Calibration Dont forget the units
Standard calibration values:LPO ---- 0.0133 mm/emdHPO ---- 0.00367 mm/emd
Magnification Linear Magnification
Magnification formula
**Dont forget the X at the end of each magnification value.
THE PLANT CELL
Hydrilla Cyclosis
Rhoeo discolor
Vacuoles
CRYSTALS Ca OxalateRaphides --- Dieffenbachia
CRYSTALS Ca OxalateStyloid --- Sansevieria
CRYSTALS Ca OxalateRosette/Druse --- Ixora
CRYSTALS Ca OxalatePrismatic --- Begonia
CRYSTALS CaCO3Cystolith --- Ficus
CRYSTALS CaCO3Cystolith --- Pilea
Middle Lamella Ripe and unripePectinPectinaseCell Wall
Phloroglucinol stained cellsLignin
DIFFUSIONSteamed vs. Unsteamed temperature kinetic energy entropy
Effect of TemperatureGelatin
OSMOSIS PLASMOLYSIS
Effect of ConcentrationOsmosis
StomatesEffect of Temp Effect of Concentration
Guard Cells Dorsal wall away from the pore is thinner, therefore, more flexible
Radial arrangement of microfibrils in the guard cell wall
Transport of K+ between guard cells Influx of K+ induces stomatal opening
PLASMA MEMBRANE Oil and Water
PLASMA MEMBRANEMilk
PLASMA MEMBRANE Egg albumen, Oil, Nigrosine Dyeactive transporttransport proteins
RBCs
PHOTOSYNTHESISColeus leaf BoilingIKI
PHOTOSYNTHESISHydrilla Evolution of O2 under dim and bright light
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Phenol Red Pink to Yellow HydrillaYellow to Pink
PHOTOSYNTHESISSeparation of Pigments
SolubilityPolarity
RESPIRATIONDewar bulbs
RESPIRATIONCO2 and Barium hydroxidePrecipitate --- BaCO3
RESPIRATIONNecessity of Oxygen Water vs. alkaline pyrogallol Alkaline pyrogallolRemoves O2 from the ambient air
RESPIRATIONFermentationEffect of Temperature
Yeast optimum at 400C, until below 600CInvolves part of the glycolysis pathwayC6H12O6 2C6H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP
MITOSIS