1st C- Programming Basics

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Programming para igm Paradigm means organizing principal of a program. It is an approach to programming.

Different programming paradigmProcedural programming :-In procedural Program the emphasis is ondoing things rather data. Following focus points about proceduralprogramming:-

Emphasis is on doing things.Global data is loosely available to all function.There is no data security.Procedural oriented approach does not model real world problem.It does not encourage reusability of code.

C --supports Procedural Programming Modular Programming :-Large Program is broken down into smallerunits i.e., function (sub Program). The idea of breaking a into functioncan further be extended by grouping a number of functions togetherinto a larger entity called a module.Object oriented Programming :- Object oriented Programmingparadigm is based on the principal of data hiding, abstraction,inheritance and polymorphism. It implements Programs using classesand objects. It supports reusability of code so it is very close to real

world. Data and function are encapsulated to ensure data safety andsecurity.

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History of Language

The C programming language was designed by Dennis Ritchie at BellLaboratories in the early 1970s.

It derived from a computer language named B and from an earlierlanguage BCPL.

As the language further develop and standardized a version known asANSI American National Standard institute) C became dominant

This language was originally designed and implemented on the UNIX operatingsystem on DEC PDP11 by Dennis Ritchie at bell labs and entire UNIX was

written in C.

Features of LanguageIt is Middle LEVEL Languages.

It is procedural program.It is case sensitive it treats upper andlowercase differently.C Language uses Compiler for translation.It learns basic programming skills.

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OR PreprocessorsEXTRA


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PREPROCESSING AND STANDARD LIBRARIES

It is the directives written in a program.

It is always before the main().

It does not terminated by semicolon sign.

Most useable when our program are more Larger

and has to managed multiple files.

#

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Stdio.h String.h math.h Stdlib.h

Scanf ()Printf(gets()puts()

getchar()putchar()

strlen()strcpy()strcmp()strcpy()

strcat()

sin()cos()pow()SQRt()

tan()exp()log()

malloc()realloc()abs()free()


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FILE INCLUSION

#include#include filename is also permitted

A Filename written in < > is searched in its standardlibrary.

A Filename in is searched first current directory and if not

found will then be searched in the standard directory .

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COMPILER CONTROL DIRECTIVES

This is the need of developing large programs andto make the code portable to more than one

specific type of condition.

The control may change the execution pathdepending upon the current environment.

NULL DIRECTIVE # -> has no effect.

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1st C- Programming Basics