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1QQ # 4: Answer one. Starting with a drop in blood pressure, diagram the sequence of events that begins with the secretion of renin and ends with responses that act to restore blood pressure toward normal. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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1QQ # 4: Answer one.1. Starting with a drop in blood pressure, diagram the
sequence of events that begins with the secretion of renin and ends with responses that act to restore blood pressure toward normal.
2. A) What gland is the source of Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone? B) What are the target cells of TRH? C) How does TRH get to its target cells (be specific.) D) What do the target cells of TRH do when stimulated by TRH? E) How is the secretion of TRH affected as the concentration of T4 increases?
Thyroid Gland
• TH =T3 and T4
Fenestrated Capillary(typical of endocrine glands)
S1
Synthesis, Storage and Secretion of T3 and T4Roles of TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
TH increases cell metabolism & heat production (BMR)
Tropic: directs controls, regulatesTrophic: growth
S2
Who Cares?
• Symptoms of hypothyroidism
• Levels of TSH and TH?
• Explain enlarged thyroid gland
• Cause: Inadequate dietary intake of iodine
• Treatment?
EndemicGoiter
TRH
TSH
T3 & T4
Goiter
Elevates basal metabolic rate,potentiates response to EPI
If hypothyroid during pregnancy…cretinism = congenital hypothyroidism
S 4
Who else Cares?
Aunt Dot S 5
T3 and T4 from Thyroid gland
TSH from Ant. Pit.
TRH from Hypothal.
⇧Metabolic rate
⇧Temperature⇧sensitivity to EPI (up-regulation of adrenergic receptors)
⇧Heart rate and ⇧Blood Pressure
⇧Lipolysis and fuel mobilization Weight loss
The cause: Abnormal Immunoglobulins in patient activate TSH receptors on Thyroid cells
⇩
⇩Grave’s Disease
S 6
Blood test:TSH levels lowTH levels high
Grave’s Disease
Treatment:Radioactive IodineMechanism:……..
S 7
⇧Cortisol secretion from Adrenal Cortex
Mobilize fuel from muscle & adipose tissueSuppress non-essential functions (reproduction & growth)Suppress inflammatory &immune responsesPotentiates response to EPI (vascular smooth muscle)
ACTH from Ant. Pit
CRH from Hypothalamus
Physical traumaProlonged exposure to coldProlonged intense exerciseInfectionSleep deprivationPainFrightEmotional distress
Vasopressin
Cytokines fromimmune cells
Excess Cortisol from 1) adrenal cortex tumor (primary) or 2) hypersecretion of ACTH from anterior pituitary (secondary)
Cushing’s Syndrome
Basal levels of CortisolRequired for normal sensitivity to EPI; symptoms of excess cortisol are…..
Clinical example: treatment of chronic inflammation (e.g. arthritis) can lead to Cushing’s Syndrome!
S 8