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1.Identify the type of organic compound that is represented to the right.
2.Which chemical reaction created this compound?
3. Identify the type of organic compound that is represented above.
4. Which chemical reaction is represented in the diagram above?
Dehydatrion Synthesis Hydrolysis
Forming Breaking DownSmall to large Large to smallTwo to one One to two
H2O H2O
SUBSTRATE
ENZYME
LOCK & KEY MODELLOCK & KEY MODEL
ACTIVE SITE
ENZYMES ARE MUCH LARGER
THAN THE MOLECULESWITH WHICH THEY
INTERACT.
There is an There is an active siteactive site where the actual chemical where the actual chemical
reaction takes placereaction takes place.Enzymes are Enzymes are used temporarily used temporarily & then recycled& then recycled.
ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX
1 3
2 4
Enzyme
Substrates
Enzyme-substratecomplex
Product
5
Active Site
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
Enzymes have an ACTIVE SITE, where substrate molecules fit temporarily into the enzyme. Forms an ENZYME-SUBSTRATE ENZYME-SUBSTRATE
COMPLEXCOMPLEX
SUBSTRATE
ACTIVE SITE
PRODUCT
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROLYSIS
DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS
DAY 2
DO NOW:
1. Temperature: The optimum temperature for most enzymes is 98.6 F or 37 C.OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE
DENATURESDENATURES
DENATURATIONDENATURATION The loss of
effectiveness of an enzyme.
The enzyme begins to break down.
OPTIMUMOPTIMUM Maximum amount of activity
Which quadrant show optimum enzyme activity?
2. Relative amounts of enzyme and substrate
Reaction rate depends on how often enzymes & substrates bump into each other
By adding more enzymes increases the # of molecules to interact with substrate.
The reactions maximum rate is reached whenall enzymes are attached to substrate.
What’s happening in this What’s happening in this graph?graph?
3. pH: The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7.
ExceptionsExceptions :Pepsin (gastric protease)
Pepsin works best at pH of 3
Trypsin (intestinal protease)
Trypsin pH of 8
pH: Human enzymes function best at a pH of 7
Temperature: Human enzymes function best at 98.6o F
Concentration: the ratio of substrate and enzyme, As the concentration of either is increased the
rate of reaction increases.
Enzyme Function
• The rate at which an enzyme functions is affected by:– pH
– Temperature
– Concentration of substrate
1. Identify A, C, D2. If figure D is a disaccharide, what must figures A & B represent?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Neutral
•pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a solution is.
•A scale with values ranging from below 0 to above 14
Acids• Substances with a pH below 7 are acidic.
• An acid is any substance that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water.
Example: Lemon juice and soda
Bases• Substances with a pH above 7 are basic.A base is any substance that forms
hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.
Example: Soap and household cleaners
NeutralNeutral• A substance that is neither
acidic nor basic or a pH of 7 is neutral Example :
Water• Acidic and basic are two
extremes that describe chemicals, just like hot and cold are two extremes that describe temperature.
Used to test the level of pHProvides a specific number
Used to identify is the substance in an acid or a base
TASTE SOUR, REACT WITH METALS AND TURN LITMUS PAPER RED
TASTE BITTER, TASTE BITTER, FEEL SLIPPERY, FEEL SLIPPERY, REACT WITH REACT WITH LITMUS PAPER LITMUS PAPER TO TURN IT TO TURN IT BLUEBLUE
Used to test for the presence of glucose
Used to test for the presence of proteins
Used to test for the presence of starch
BELOW 7BELOW 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS ACIDICACIDIC.
ABOVE 7ABOVE 7, THE SUBSTANCE IS BASICBASIC.
IF THE pH IS 7pH IS 7, THEN IT IS NEUTRALNEUTRAL..
Measures the concentration of H+ ions in a solution.