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How To Answer Questions In UPSC Civil Services Mains Examination Sociology

Otional Examle

T!e "ollowing ost is ta#en "rom a comment $"rom Murali%!aran&t!at aeare% on t!is

'log !ere( I t!oug!t t!at it woul% 'e use"ul to s!are it as a main ost "or ot!er asirants to

rea% w!o may or may not !avesociology as an otional "or civil services examination(

Answer writing s#illis more imortant in mains exam( T!is is "rom sociology aer )(

T!ey !ave exlaine% !ow to aroac! an% resent answer an% !oe it will 'e use"ul(

Question* Exlain t!e tra%itional ower structure in rural In%ia( +iscuss t!e "actors t!at

!ave contri'ute% to its c!anging attern in recent years(

,eneral Answer* T!e a'olition o" rivileges an% economic rig!ts o" t!e interme%iaries

li#e t!e -amin%ars an% "eu%al !as t!oug! not succee%e% in intro%ucing an egalitarianclass.structure in villages/ yet it !as ma%e a great social syc!ological imact on ex.

tenant grous an% motivates t!em now "or cometition wit! tra%itional ower grous "or

access to ositions o" ower an% social status( 0illage lea%ers!i !as now increasingly

'ecome more conciliatory an% ragmatic in orientation( 1it! t!e tra%itional 'ases o"

ower "or t!e ol%er village elite !aving 'een remove%/ t!e lea%ers!i/ w!ic! is now

emerging/ !as to reconcile wit! "actions an% oosite interest grous to stay in ower(

In or%er to 'e e""ective/ lea%ers now !ave to 'e ragmatic2 exercise contract t!roug!

in"ormal relations an% integrate 'ureaucratic innovations(

Comment* A very imressive intro%uction 'ut still t!ere is no mention o" %ecentrali3ation

rocess an% emowerment o" women( T!is a%%ition will ma#e it !ig!ly imressive(

4ow can%i%ates give lenty o" stu%ies to rove it(

Orenstein reorts t!at in"ormal lea%ers are more e""ective in t!e village !e stu%ie% $a

village in 5om'ay& t!an "ormal lea%ers(

Alan 5eals"oun% t!e village lea%ers!i in 4am!alli $Mysore& "action.ri%%en an%

villagers rone to rely on a lea%er w!o !a% t!e caacity o" success"ul action( 6actional

'asis lea%ers!i also seems to 'e t!e case in t!e village o" Morsalli in 5anglore %istrict

stu%ie% 'y 1illiam McCormac#(

7( 5ac!en!eimer "in%s in t!e An%!ra village Pa%u/ t!at lea%ers!i is in t!e !an% o"

economically %ominant "amilies wit!in eac! caste an% wealt! lus !ig! caste status

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%etermine lea%ers!i(

E%war% an% 8(,( Harer "in% t!e continuity o" tra%itional "orm o" lea%ers!i in village

Totaga%%e in 9arnata#a(

Accor%ing to Oscar 8ewistra%itional %ominant :ats !ol% lea%ers!i in 7amur village in

4ort! In%ia( He o'serves "our c!aracteristics o" :at lea%ers!i*

$a& t!e ten%ency to minimi3e t!e status %i""erence 'etween t!e lea%er an% t!e le% wit!in

t!e caste/

$'& resistance to %elegate t!e aut!ority to lea%ers ermanently wit!out consultation wit!

t!e aroriate "action/

$c& Comlete a'sence o" yout! lea%ers!i/

$%& 8ac# o" %irect note o" women in lea%ers!i(

T!is attern may not 'e tyical o" all nort!ern villages(

Accor%ing to a survey con%ucte% 'yPlanning Commission/ t!e structure o" rural

lea%ers!i seems still %ominate% 'y ric! an% uer caste grous 'ut t!ere is a ten%ency

towar%s recruitment o" younger mem'ers to t!e lea%ers!i role in villages an% a ma;ority

o" lea%ers are literate(

C!ange in economic "iel% also le% to a c!ange in lea%ers!i( It was rove% 'y6(,( 5ailey

in !is stu%y o" 5isiara village( 5ailey "oun% t!at 5oa% an% ,an;am %istillers le"t t!eir

tra%itional wor# an% village an% went to t!e town "or 'etter emloyment( T!ey imrove%

t!eir economic strengt! an% a"ter returning to t!eir village/ s!owe% interest in lea%ers!i(

An%re 5eteille/in Sriuram village/ "oun% t!at t!ere !as 'een a c!ange in t!e ower

structure o" village wit!out t!e tra%itional lan%.owning grous !aving lost t!eir lan% to

any su'stantial extent( He o'serves t!at to%ay olitical ower/ w!et!er in t!e village or

outsi%e it/ is not as closely tie% to owners!i o" lan% as it was in ast( 4ew 'ases o" ower

!ave emerge% w!ic! are/ to some extent/ in%een%ent o" 'ot! caste an% class( Per!as

most imortant among t!ese is t!e strengt! o" numerical ower(

T!e "in%ings o" 5eteille s!ows an instance o" regional variation( In t!is context/ an

evaluation o" twelve villages o" In%ia "rom %i""erent regions 'y 5(S( Co!n is very

conclusive( In six villages lan% control also comensates "or lac# o" numerical

%ominance(

Conclusion* ,enerally sea#ing/ t!ere !as 'een a 'rea# in t!e centrietal worl% view o"

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castes an% classes in most villages in In%ia( A great level o" c!ange !as come as a result

o" olitici3ation o" villages t!roug! t!e contemorary olitical re"orms( It !as also 'een

motivate% 'y community %eveloment sc!emes w!ic! now cover almost all t!e villages

in In%ia(

Comment* Case stu%ies !ave 'een very 'eauti"ully resente% an% simultaneously t!ere is

no roer analysis( T!e comlete answer is "ull o" stu%ies 'ut is not loo#ing "ocuse%/

'ecause t!e "acts !ave not 'een analyse% aroriately( Sometimes it seems as i" some

contra%ictory statements !ave 'een given( So/ %o tell an% %iscuss t!e rig!t causes

resonsi'le "or t!e "action $i" you are so tal#ing a'out& in villages an% !ow t!ey are

suorting to c!ange t!e ower.structure(

Imrovement*

r% Amen%ment Act()( +iscuss t!e reservations given to SC?ST/ women an% 'ac#war% class(

>( How %i% it 'ring c!anges in ower.structure/ corro'orate wit! a "ew stu%ies$one or

two&

@( +iscuss %i""erent rogrammes "or t!e uli"ting o" oor sections an% women

emowerment?em!asis on "emale articiation in olitics?imact o"1omens

7eservation 5ill(

B( A"ter giving all stu%ies in a aragra!/ %iscuss mainly a'out emowerment/ %emocratic

%ecentrali3ation/ mass articiation in a%ministration/ awareness among eole/ etc(

( More t!an a %eca%e !ave gone a"ter t!e imlementation o"Panc!ayati 7a;/ we !ave

enormous stu%ies on it/ lace a "ew o" t!em rig!tly(

=( ,ive t!e views o" 4o'el 8aureate Amartya Sen(

D( ,ive t!e oinion o" 1orl% 5an# in t!e very age o" ,lo'ali3ation in t!is context(

,enerally can%i%ates %o not mention a'out Panc!ayati 7a; 'ecause t!ey t!in# t!ere is no

su'stantial imact o" it on masses(

our 0iew oint* +o tell t!at t!e level o" c!anges is not u to t!e mar#/ w!yF

Corro'orate it 'y stu%ies/ 'ut #ee telling t!at t!e c!ange is ta#ing lace.t!oug!%imensions are varying/ li#e/ t!ere is caste.'ase% "action/ +alit consciousness !as

increase% 7easonF T!e in"luence o" +alit lea%ers at rural level $Politici3ation o" ower

in t!e name o" +alit Class& etc(

A"ter suc! analysis/ give a ower"ul conclusion(

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