Upload
antonia-lambert
View
218
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1Copyright 2010 McGraw-Hill Companies
2
Attitude
Favorable or unfavorable evaluative reaction toward something or someone
3
How Well Do Our Attitudes Predict Our Behavior?People’s expressed attitudes hardly predicted
their varying behaviorsMoral hypocrisy
4
How Well Do Our Attitudes Predict Our Behavior?When Attitudes Predict Behavior
When social influences on what we say are minimal Implicit
Implicit association test (IAT) Explicit
When other influences on behavior are minimal
5
How Well Do Our Attitudes Predict Our Behavior?When Attitudes Predict Behavior
When attitudes specific to the behavior are examined
When attitudes are potent Self-awareness Forge strong attitudes through experience
6
When Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes? Role Playing
Role Set of norms that defines how people in a given
social position ought to behave Philip Zimbardo’s Stanford’s prison study
Abu-Ghraib controversy
7
When Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes? When Saying Becomes Believing
When there is no compelling external explanation for one’s words, saying becomes believing
8
When Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes? Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
Tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request Low-ball technique
Tactic for getting people to agree to something. People who agree to an initial request will often still comply when the requester ups the ante Used by some car dealers
9
When Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes? Evil and Moral Acts
Wartime Actions and attitudes feed on each other When evil behavior occurs we tend to justify it as
right Peacetime
Moral action, especially when chosen rather than coerced, affects moral thinking
10
When Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes? Interracial Behavior and Racial Attitudes
Racial behavior help shape our social consciousness By doing, not saying racial attitudes were changed
Legislating morality
Social MovementsPolitical and social movements may legislate
behavior designed to lead to attitude change on a mass scale
11
Why Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes?Self-Presentation: Impression Management
Assumes that people, especially those who self-monitor their behavior hoping to create good impressions, will adapt their attitude reports to appear consistent with their actions
12
Why Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes?Self-Justification: Cognitive Dissonance
Tension that arises when one is simultaneously aware of two inconsistent cognitions To reduce this tension, we adjust our thinking
Insufficient justification Reduction of dissonance by internally justifying
one’s behavior when external justification is “insufficient”
13
Why Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes?Self-Justification: Cognitive Dissonance
Dissonance after decisions Deciding-becomes-believing effect Can breed overconfidence
14
Why Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes?Self-Perception Theory
When we are unsure of our attitudes, we infer them much as would someone observing us, by looking at our behavior and the circumstances under which it occurs Expressions and attitude Overjustification and intrinsic motivations
15
Why Does Our Behavior Affect Our Attitudes?
Figure 4.7