1Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CISCO IOS QUALITY OF SERVICE UPDATE Tim McSweeney Product Manager, QoS Internet

1Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

CISCO IOS QUALITY OF SERVICE UPDATETim McSweeney

Product Manager, QoS

Internet Technologies Division

2Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 2Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Agenda

• The Need for Quality of Service (QoS)

• Cisco IOS QoS Framework

• Roadmap Overview


Source: Forrester Research Inc

It Begins and Ends with Applications


Application Cost of Downtime per Minute

Survey of 250 Fortune 1000 companies

ERP

Supply ChainManagement

E-Commerce

Internet Banking

Customer ServiceCenter

Electronic FundsTransfer

Messaging

$13,000

$11,000

$10,000

$7,000

$3,700

$3,500

$1,000

Source: Forrester Research Inc

Reliability Goal: Eliminate Network Failure PointsReliability Goal: Eliminate Network Failure Points


How Do We Make the Network Reliable? CxO & Network Manager Perspective

PERFORMANCE

AVAILABILITY

SECURITY

CiscoIntegrated Security

Cisco Quality of Service (QoS)

Cisco GloballyResilient IP

RELIABILITYRELIABILITY


What is QoS? Basic Perspectives

The User Perspective

• The network capability to provide the desired application performance

• It’s all about the applications and their users

• Voice, Video, and Data

The Network Manager Perspective

• Bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss are policy variables to achieve the desired application performance

• Cost savings through efficient use of physical infrastructure


Why Not Just “Add Bandwidth” For Performance?

• Adding bandwidth is NOT free! A real example: Hotel chain with 2000 locations in the U.S.

Going from 128Kbps to 256Kbps for application performance =

$256 extra per site/month =

$512K/month for 2000 sites =

$6.1M/year in additional cost!

QoS provided required network performance for the hotel reservation application, saving the customer recurring OPEX!

• Bandwidth is not the same everywhere Dependent on location, SLA, and Service

• Need to prioritize bandwidth utilization on the networkThere are speed mismatches, leading to congestion (transient or persistent), in every network

Insurance policy for business critical applications


What Customers Have Deployed Cisco IOS QoS?

… And Many More!

The World Bank Group


Agenda

• The Need for QoS




QoS Evolution

199x

Time199x 199x 199x 200x 200x

Best EffortIP Model

Integrated ServicesModel

Differentiated Services

Model

DiffServ-Aware Traffic Engineering

(DS-TE) & L2 VPN QoS

QoS Intelligence &

Automation


P r

o v

i s

i o

n i

n g

&

M o

n i

t o

r i

n g

– C

BQ

oS

MIB

, Q

PM

, IP

M/S

MS

P r

o v

i s

i o

n i

n g

&

M o

n i

t o

r i

n g

– C

BQ

oS

MIB

, Q

PM

, IP

M/S

MS

P

o

l i

c

y

– T

he

Mo

du

lar

Qo

S C

LI

(MQ

C)

P

o

l i

c

y

– T

he

Mo

du

lar

Qo

S C

LI

(MQ

C)

Cisco IOS QoS Framework

VPNVPNMultimedia(Video Conf)

Multimedia(Video Conf)

OtherServices

Mission Critical

OtherServices

Mission CriticalVoIPVoIP

Signaling (ECN,RSVP-QoS,RSVP-TE)Signaling (ECN,RSVP-QoS,RSVP-TE)

Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)

Congestion Avoidance Mechanisms (RED, WRED, WRED-ECN)Congestion Avoidance Mechanisms (RED, WRED, WRED-ECN)

Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ,CBWFQ,LLQ)Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ,CBWFQ,LLQ)

Classification & Marking (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)Classification & Marking (DSCP, IP Precedence, NBAR, etc.)

FrameRelay

FrameRelay

PPPHDLC

PPPHDLC

DLSwSDLC

DLSwSDLC ATMATM FE

Gig.E

FEGig.E

FXO/FXST1 PBX

FXO/FXST1 PBX

xDSLCable

xDSLCable

Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)

Hybrid-ModelsHybrid-ModelsMPLS-TEMPLS-TEDiffServDiffServIntServIntServ


Network-Based Application Recognition

My Application is

too slow!

Citrix 25%Netshow 15%Fasttrack 10%FTPFTP 30%30%HTTP 20%

Link Utilization

Mark Citrix as Interactive traffic and police FTP.

Guarantee bandwidth for Citrix!

• Intelligent Classification Engine used in conjunction with QoS class-based features

• Protocol Discovery analyzes application traffic patterns in real time and Discovers which traffic is running on the network


NBAR Benefit Footprint and Hardware Support

Enterprise Enterprise BackboneBackbone

Enterprise Enterprise Premise EdgePremise Edge

Service Provider Service Provider Aggregation EdgeAggregation Edge

Service Provider CoreService Provider Core

• Application classification• Precise QoS treatment

• Application statistics for bandwidth provisioning• Top-n views

• Threshold settings• Mapping applications to an SP’s service offering

• Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series

• MSFC• Planned ASIC


• FlexWAN, MWAM• Planned ASIC

• Cisco 7100, 7200, and 7500 Series

• Cisco 83x, 1700, 2600-2600XM, 3600, and 3700 Series


• FlexWAN, MWAM• Planned ASIC

• Cisco 7100, 7200, and 7500 Series

Cisco Catalyst 6500 and 7600 Series

• FlexWAN, MWAM • Planned ASIC

• Cisco 7500 Series


NBAR – Intelligent Classification

• IP packet classifier that is capable of classifying applications that have:

Statically assigned TCP and UDP port numbers

Non-TCP and non-UDP IP protocols

Dynamically assigned TCP and UDP port numbers during connection establishment

Classification based on deep packet inspection – NBAR’s ability to look deeper into the packet to identify applications

HTTP traffic by URL, host name or MIME type using regular expressions (*, ?, [ ]), Citrix ICA traffic, RTP Payload type classification

• Currently supports 88 protocols/applications


The QoS Challenge:Reduce the Cost & Time to Deploy QoS

199x

Time199x 199x 199x 200x 200x

Time

To

tal C

ost

Designing

Learning

Configuring

Monitoring & Reporting

Manual QoS Deployment

Cisco AutoQoS Target: Cheaper &

Faster!


Cisco AutoQoS Uses Intelligence to Automate

• Automation makes it simpler toGet a quick start on QoS deployment

Deploy QoS in the most common business scenarios

Reduce operator and configuration errors

Gain visibility into network & application performance

• Simpler implies faster and cheaperExample Scenario: I need to add VoIP to my network

- Where do I begin for QoS on the network?

- On what should I monitor and report?

• Cisco AutoQoS drastically reduces learning, designing, and configuration


• Application ClassificationExample: automatically discovering applications and providing appropriate QoS treatment

• Policy Generation Example: auto-generation of initial and ongoing QoS policies

• Configuration Example: providing high level business knobs, and multi-device / domain automation for QoS

• Monitoring & Reporting Example: generating intelligent, automatic alerts and summary reports

• ConsistencyExample: enabling automatic, seamless interoperability among all QoS features and parameters across a network topology

LAN, MAN, and WAN

Cisco AutoQoS – Automating the Key Elements of QoS Deployment


Cisco AutoQoS–VoIP Automatic QoS for VoIP Traffic

interface Multilink1

ip address 10.1.61.1 255.255.255.0

ip tcp header-compression iphc-format

load-interval 30

service-policy output QoS-Policy

ppp multilink

ppp multilink fragment-delay 10

ppp multilink interleave

interface Serial0

–bandwidth 256

–Ip address 10.1.61.1 255.255.255.0

–auto qos voip

Configures Each Configures Each Switch or RouterSwitch or Router

• LAN & WAN - Routers & Switches

• One single command enables Cisco QoS for VoIP on a given port, interface or PVC


QoS Deployment for VoIP

Consistent, end-to-end QoS for VoIPConsistent, end-to-end QoS for VoIP

WAN

Access Layer WAN Distribution Layer

• Classification & Trust Boundary

• Marking / Remarking

• Egress Queue Scheduling

• Buffer Management

• Intelligent Classification

• Bandwidth Provisioning

• Admission Control

• Shaping

• Link Fragmentation & Interleaving

• Header Compression

• Layer 3 Policing

• Egress Scheduling

• (Multiple Queues with WRR)

• Priority Queuing for VOIP

• Buffer Management


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

50 150 300 650 1100

Customer Sites

$,00

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

Wee

ks

Deployment Cost with AutoQoS Deployment Cost without AutoQoSDeployment Time with AutoQoS Deployment Time without AutoQoS

The Proof is in the Savings with Cisco AutoQoS!

Up to Up to 3 Times3 Times Cheaper & Faster QoS Deployments! Cheaper & Faster QoS Deployments!

Faster QoS deployments allow customers to realize Faster QoS deployments allow customers to realize VoIP opportunities more quickly!VoIP opportunities more quickly!


Fine tuning of AutoQoS-generated parametersFine tuning of AutoQoS-generated parametersby user, if desiredby user, if desired


Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP FrameworkDiffServ Functions Automated

DiffServ DiffServ FunctionFunction QoS FeatureQoS Feature BehaviorBehavior

Classification NBAR DSCP, PortClassification of VoIP based on packet attributes or port trust

Marking Class-based markingSet L3 / L2 attributes to categorize packets into a class

Congestion Management

Percentage-based LLQ, WRRProvide EF treatment to voice & BE treatment to data

Shaping Class-based shaping or FRTSShape to CIR to prevent burst & smooth traffic to Configured Rate

Link Efficiency Mechanism

Header compression Reduce the VoIP bandwidth requirement

Link Efficiency Mechanism

Link fragmentation & interleaving

Reduce jitter experienced by voice packets


FunctionalityFunctionality BenefitsBenefits

Auto-determination of Wide-Area Network (WAN) Settings

Automatic determination of WAN settings for fragmentation and interleaving, compression, encapsulation, and Frame Relay-ATM interworking. Eliminates the need to understand QoS theory and design practices in common deployment scenarios.

Initial Policy Generation

Initial Policy Generation provides users an advanced starting point for VoIP deployments. This reduces the time needed to establish an initial feasible QoS policy solution that includes providing QoS to VoIP bearer traffic, signaling traffic, and best-effort data.

Traps & ReportingSyslog & SNMP traps provide visibility into the Classes of Service deployed, and notification of abnormal events such as VoIP packet drops.

Intelligent Classification of Network Traffic

Using Cisco Network Based Application Recognition (NBAR) for deep and stateful packet inspection, this feature can identify VoIP bearer and control traffic. Simplifies QoS configurations by reducing – and in some cases eliminating – the need for Access Control Lists (ACLs).

Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP Functionality & Benefits – WAN


FunctionalityFunctionality BenefitsBenefits

Simplified Configuration

In one command, Cisco AutoQoS configures the port to prioritize voice traffic without affecting other network traffic.

Includes the flexibility to tune Cisco AutoQoS settings for unique network requirements.

Automated and Secure

Automatically detects Cisco IP Phones and enables Cisco AutoQoS settings (Catalyst 2950 & 3550).

Prevents malicious activity by disabling QoS settings when a Cisco IP phone is relocated/moved.

Optimal VoIP Performance

Leverages decades of networking experience, extensive lab performance testing, and input from a broad base of customer AVVID installations to determine the optimal QoS configuration for typical VoIP deployments.

Uses all advanced QoS capabilities of the Cisco Catalyst switches.

End-to-End Interoperability

Designed to work in harmony with the Cisco AutoQoS settings on all other Cisco switches and routers, ensuring consistent end-to-end QoS.

Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP Functionality & Benefits – LAN


interface Multilink1

ip address 10.1.61.1 255.255.255.0

ip tcp header-compression iphc-format

load-interval 30

service-policy output QoS-Policy

ppp multilink

ppp multilink fragment-delay 10

ppp multilink interleave

interface Serial0

–bandwidth 256

–Ip address 10.1.61.1 255.255.255.0

–auto qos voip

QoS Policy Manager (QPM)

Centralized, web-based tool to manage network-wide QoS

for multiple devices

Cisco IOS and CatOS

Using Cisco AutoQoS – VoIP & CiscoWorks QPM

Configures Each Switch or Router


SoftwareApplication

40%

OperationalErrors40%

Network20%

• Platform Problems• The network• Operating system or hardware• Change management

• Application bugs (I.e., DNS)• Misconfiguration

Source: Gartner Group, CNET News.com Jan 26, 2001

Not to Forget….

Human Error is the Most Significant Contributor to Downtime

• Process consistency

AutoQoS reducespotential for

operator error

AutoQoS reducespotential for

operator error


Understanding the Complete Cisco QoS Picture

Cis

co M

od

ula

r Q

oS

CL

I (M

QC

– T

he

Us

er

La

ng

ua

ge

) C

isco

Mo

du

lar

Qo

S C

LI

(MQ

C –

Th

e U

se

r L

an

gu

ag

e)

Cis

coW

ork

s Q

oS

Po

licy

Man

ag

erC

isco

Wo

rks

Qo

SP

olic

y M

ana

ger

Cisco AutoQoSCisco AutoQoS

Cisco IOS Software or Cisco Catalyst OSCisco IOS Software or Cisco Catalyst OS

Cisco QoS FeaturesCisco QoS Features

Cisco Router or SwitchCisco Router or Switch

DataDataVideoVideoVoiceVoice


• Application Classification

Cisco AutoQoS identifies VoIP bearer and control traffic

• Policy GenerationCisco AutoQoS evaluates the network environment and generates initial policy on a given Port, Interface, or PVC

• ConfigurationCisco AutoQoS provides a single command to enable QoS on each interface/PVC

QPM provides centralized network-wide configuration, management and monitoring

• Monitoring & ReportingTraps issued on VoIP packet drops

QPM uses data received from network devices to generate QoS reports

• ConsistencyCisco AutoQoS is fully inter-operable between LAN & WAN devices

Agile QoS Deployment for VoIP Cisco AutoQoS-VoIP and CiscoWorks QPM


Cisco AutoQoS – VoIP Feature Availability

Platform Platform SoftwareSoftware AvailabilityAvailability

Cisco Catalyst 2950and 3550 Switches

Cisco IOS Software Today!

Cisco Catalyst 6500Series Switches

Cisco Catalyst OS Today!

Cisco 2600, 2600-XM, 3600, 3700, 7200 Series Routers


Cisco Catalyst 4000 & 4500 Series Switches



Agenda

• The Need for QoS




Cisco AutoQoS – The Vision

Evolve the network to an intelligent entity that tunes itself for QoS

• Provide high-level business knobs

• Customer retains ultimate control


Cisco IOS QoS Roadmap Highlights

2H 2002 1H 2003 2H 2003 1H 2004

Time

Fu

nct

ion

alit

y

Flow-QoS,Cisco AutoQoS Phase 3 –

High-Level Policies

NBAR Protocol Discovery MIB,

IPv6 QoS

L2VPN QoS,Cisco AutoQoS Phase 2 –

Voice/Video/Data

Cisco AutoQoS Phase 1 – VoIP

Crypto-Engine QoS


AutoQoS for the Enterprise

1. Run AutoDiscovery to profile traffic:

Collects data from the offered traffic for several days, a week, etc., as desired:

Uses NBAR-based protocol discovery

Performs statistical analysis

2. Generate & deploy MQC-based QoS policies:

Maps applications to their corresponding DiffServ classes

Assigns appropriate values for bandwidth and scheduling parameters

Comprehensive QoS Deployment in Two Steps

Procedure:

1. Invoke "auto discovery qos“ on the applicable link

Use "show auto discovery qos“ to view data collection in progress

2. Automatically configure the link with “auto qos” command

Use "show auto qos" to display the QoS policy settings deployed


Transactional/InteractiveTransactional/Interactive AF21AF21

Telephony SignalingTelephony Signaling CS3CS3

Streaming VideoStreaming Video CS4CS4

Interactive VideoInteractive Video AF41AF41

Interactive VoiceInteractive Voice EFEF

NetworkNetwork ManagementManagement CS2CS2

BulkBulk DataData AF11AF11

ScavengerScavenger CS1CS1

BestBest EffortEffort 00

IP RoutingIP Routing CS6CS6

TrafficTrafficClassClass

DSCPDSCP

AutoQoS DiffServ Class Provisioning

• Automatically provisions for 10 classes

11/03


Roadmap for Cisco IOS Quality of Service

Automation & Simplification

for QoS Deployment

NovNov20042004

AugAug20042004

SeptSept20042004

JulJul20042004

JunJun20042004

MayMay20042004

AprApr20042004

MarMar20042004

FebFeb20042004

JanJan20042004

DecDec20042004

NovNov20032003

OctOct20032003

SeptSept20032003

AugAug20032003

JulJul20032003

Layer 2 VPN QoS

OctOct20042004

12.0(26)S

• Frame-Relay over IP/MPLS QoS

• ATM Cell & AAL5 over IP/MPLS QoS

• Ethernet over IP/MPLS QoS

12.3(4)T

• CBQoSMIB Enhancements

• NBAR – User-Defined Custom Application Classification

• NBAR – Extended Inspection for HTTP Traffic

• ACLs: Turbo-Classification for QoS on 7200

Targeting 12.0(27)S

• L2TPv3 QoS

• MFR QoS

• FECN/BECN over L2TPv3

• L2 CoS-based WRED

• Set L2 CoS as Police Action

Targeting 12.3(Rls3)T

• AutoQoS for the Enterprise

• NAT-NBAR integration: RTSP over NAT

• NBAR PDLMs – RTSP, Citrix ICA & others

QoS Intelligence for Increased Flexibility

and Control

34Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 343434


While AutoDiscovery Runs, View Data Collection & Configure the Link

1.Start AutoDiscovery:

auto discovery qos

Stop AutoDiscovery:no auto discovery qosAutoDiscovery collects

& analyzes traffic statistics

View data collection in progress:

show auto discovery qos

2.Configure the link:

auto qos View the QoS policy settings deployed:

show auto qos

Documents

1Cisco IOS QoS Update, 11/03 © 2003 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. CISCO IOS QUALITY OF SERVICE UPDATE Tim McSweeney Product Manager, QoS Internet