AIRCRAFT

DEFINITION

A MAN MADE FLYING MACHINE.

are there types?

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

AIR CRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Gyroplane(rotornot powerdriven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

AIR CRAFT

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

a

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

AIRCRAFT

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

AIRCRAFT

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

AIRCRAFT

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Float plane Flying boat

AIRCRAFT

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

AIRCRAFT

ORNITHOPTER

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

AIRCRAFT

Gyroplane(rotornot powerdriven)

CYCLOGYRO

GYROPLANE

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

AIRCRAFT

Gyroplane(rotornot powerdriven)

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

AIR CRAFT

LIGHTER-THAN-AIR HEAVIER-THAN-AIR

Airships Free balloons Captive balloons

POWER DRIVEN NON-POWER-DRIVEN MAN-POWER-DRIVEN

Gliders Sailplanes Kites

AEROPLANE ROTORCRAFT ORNITHOPTER

Land plane seaplane Amphibian Helicopter(rotor power driven)

Gyroplane(rotornot powerdriven)

Cyclogyro(paddle-wheel type rotor)

Float plane Flying boat

LIGHTER THAN AIR

EUREKA ! !! !

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Upward thrust eqalTo weight of displacedwater

Weight of body

Principle of Archimedes

Upward thrust equal to weight of displaced air

Weight of Balloon + Weight of Gas

Archimedes’ principle applied to a balloon

IT’S SO HUGE !WHAT MAKES IT RISE TO THE SKY?

LIFT

Principles of heavier-than-air flight

Direction of forceActing on cardboard

Leading Edge

Direction of travel

Trailing Edge

LIFT

Meaning of lift and drag

Direction of travelLi

ft

Tota

l For

ce

Drag

ANGLE OF ATTACK

Angle of attack and centre of pressure

Direction of travel

Lift

Angle of attack

Direction of air flow

Centre of Pressure

PITCH ANGLE ?

USES OF AEROFOILS

• Wings

• Propellers and Turbofans

• Helicopter Rotors

• Compressors and Turbines

• Hydrofoils (wing-like devices which can lift up a boat above waterline)

• Wind Turbines

AIRFLOW OVER AN AEROFOIL

Upwash Downwash

Incr V

Decr V

Dirn of airflow

VENTURY

WHAT IS LIFT?

• Lift is the aerodynamic force acting at right angles to the direction of motion of the object.

• It is produced by interaction of the moving object and the fluid.

• This interaction typically leads to a pressure differential being set up between upper surface and lower surface of the object.

• The net effect of high pressure below and low pressure above will produce a force which sustains the object against descent due to gravity.

WHAT IS LIFT?

Flying aircraft

FACTORS AFFECTING LIFT

EFFECTS OF SIZE ON LIFT

EFFECTS OF SHAPE ON LIFT

EFFECT OF VELOCITY ON LIFT

Greater the velocity of fluid on the aerofoil the lower the pressure.

Hence greater the presssure differential.

Thus higher the value of lift.

Jo

What Happens to an Airfoil when it Stalls ?

• Flow over the top surface separates from the airfoil, resulting in a high pressure wake region

LIFT COEFFICIENT

DRAG.

LIFT

Meaning of lift and drag

Direction of travelLi

ft

Tota

l For

ce

Drag

DRAG IS THAT PART OF THE FORCE WHICH IS

PARRALEL TO THE DIRN OF AIRFLOW.

DRAG• TYPES OF DRAG

– ACTIVE/ WING DRAG• INDUCED DRAG • FORM DRAG• SKIN FRICTION DRAG

– PARASITE DRAG• FORM DRAG• SKIN FRICTION DRAG

– SHOCK DRAG• WAVE DRAG• SHOCK TURBULENCE DRAG