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Objectives

1. Define information systemand name seven types ofinformation system applications.

2. Identify different types of stakeholderswho use ordevelop information systems, and give examples ofeach.

3. Define the unique role of systems analystsin thedevelopment of information systems.

4. Identify those skillsneeded to successfully functionas an information system analyst.

5. Describe current business driversthat influence

information systems development.6. Describe current technology driversthat influence

information systems development.

7. Briefly describe a simpleprocessfor developinginformation systems.

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TCO A

TCO A - Given the need forsoftware development,demonstrate an understanding

of the role of the systemsanalyst and the principalcomponents of the system

development life cycle andmethodology.

(Chapters 1, 2, and 3)

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McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright 2007 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1

The Context of

Systems Analysis and

Design Methods

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A Framework for SystemsAnalysis and Design

A systemis a group of interrelated components thatfunction together to achieve a desired result.

An information system(IS) is an arrangement of people,data, processes, and information technology that interactto collect, process, store, and provide as output theinformation needed to support an organization.

Information technologyis a contemporary term thatdescribes the combination of computer technology

(hardware and software) with telecommunicationstechnology (data, image, and voice networks).

Technology (Greektechne = art; art = deliberateplacement of elements)

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Stakeholders: Players inthe Systems Game

A stakeholderis any person who has aninterest in an existing or proposed informationsystem. Stakeholders can be technical or

nontechnical workers. They may also includeboth internal and external workers.

Information workersare those workers whosejobs involve the creation, collection, processing,

distribution, and use of information.

Knowledge workersare a subset ofinformation workers whose responsibilities arebased on a specialized body of knowledge.

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System Owners

System ownersan information systems

sponsor and executive advocate, usually

responsible for funding the project ofdeveloping, operating, and maintaining the

information system.

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System Users

System usersa customer who will

use or is affected by an information

system on a regular basiscapturing,

validating, entering, responding to,storing, and exchanging data and

information.

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Internal System Users

Clerical and service workers

Technical and professional staff

Supervisors, middle managers, andexecutive managers

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External System Users

Customers

Suppliers

Partners

Employees

Remote users - users who are not physicallylocated on the premises but who still requires

access to information systems. Mobile users - users whose location is

constantly changing but who requires accessto information systems from any location

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System Designers andSystem Builders

System designera technical specialist whotranslates system users business requirementsand constraints into technical solution. She or he

designs the computer databases, inputs, outputs,screens, networks, and software that will meet thesystem users requirements.

System buildersa technical specialist whoconstructs information systems and componentsbased on the design specifications generated bythe system designers.

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Systems Analysts

Systems analysta specialist who studies

the problems and needs of an organization to

determine how people, data, processes, and

information technology can best accomplish

improvements for the business. A programmer/analyst(or

analyst/programmer) includes the

responsibilities of both the computer

programmer and the systems analyst.

A business analystfocuses on only the

non-technical aspects of systems analysis

and design.

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ere o ys ems na ys sWork?

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Skills Needed bythe Systems Analyst

Working knowledge of information technology

Computer programming experience and expertise

General business knowledge General problem-solving skills

Good interpersonal communication skills

Good interpersonal relations skills

Flexibility and adaptability

Character and ethics

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The Systems Analyst asa Facilitator

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Other Stakeholders

External Service Provider (ESP)

a systems analyst,system designer, or system builder who sells his or her

expertise and experience to other businesses to help those

businesses purchase, develop, or integrate their

information systems solutions; may be affiliated with aconsulting or services organization.

Project Manageran experienced professional who

accepts responsibility for planning, monitoring, and

controlling projects with respect to schedule, budget,

deliverables, customer satisfaction, technical standards,

and system quality.

B i D i f T d

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Business Drivers for TodaysInformation Systems

Globalization of the Economy

Electronic Commerce and Business

Security and Privacy Collaboration and Partnership

Knowledge Asset Management

Continuous Improvement and Total Quality

Management

Business Process Redesign

T h l D i f T d

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Technology Drivers for TodaysInformation Systems

Networks and the Internet

Mobile and Wireless Technologies

Object Technologies

Collaborative Technologies

Enterprise Applications

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Enterprise Applications

E t i A li ti

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Enterprise ApplicationIntegration

A Si l S t

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A Simple SystemDevelopment Process

Our Simplified System

Development Process

General Problem-Solving Steps

System initiation 1. Identify the problem.

System analysis 2. Analyze and understand the problem.

3. Identify solution requirements or

expectations.

System design 4. Identify alternative solutions and choose the

best course of action.

5. Design the chosen solution.

System implementation 6. Implement the chosen solution.

7. Evaluate the results. If the problem is not

solved, return to step 1 or 2 as appropriate.

P j t d P

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Project and ProcessManagement

Project managementthe activity of defining,

planning, directing, monitoring, and controlling a

project to develop an acceptable system within

the allotted time and budget.

Process managementthe ongoing activity

that defines, improves, and coordinates the use

of an organizations chosen methodology (theprocess) and standards for all system

development projects.