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1A + 1B 1C + 1DCalculate the equilibrium
concentrations of each species when 150 ml 2.0 M A is mixed with 100.0
ml 2.0 M B. Kc = 0.25
Acid/Base
Properties of Acids·Sour taste, Change color of dyes, Conduct electricity in solution, React with many metals, React with bases to form salts
Properties of Bases·Bitter taste, Feel slippery, Change color of dyes, Conduct electricity in solution, React with acids to form salts
Arrhenius·Acids: release H+ or H3O+ in solution
·Bases: release OH- in solution
Arrhenius·Acid: HA --> H+ + A-
·HCl --> H+ + Cl-
·Base: MOH --> M+ + OH-
·NaOH -->Na+ + OH-
Bronsted-Lowry·Acid: Proton donor
·Base: Proton
Acceptor
Bronsted-Lowry· HA + H2O --> H3O+ + A-
· HI + H2O --> H3O+ + I-
· Acid Base CA CB
· NH3 + H2O --> NH4+ + OH-
· Base Acid CA CB
Lewis Acid/Base·Acid: Electron
Acceptor
·Base: Electron Donor
Lewis Acid/BaseH3N: + BF3 --> H3N-BF3
Base Acid Neutral
Drill:•List 3 properties
each of both acids & bases
Common Names· H+ Hydrogen ion
· H3O+ Hydronium ion
· H- Hydride ion· OH- Hydroxide ion
· NH3 Ammonia
· NH4+ Ammonium ion
Define acids & bases by each of
the three methods
Naming Bases·Almost all bases are metal hydroxides
·Name by normal method
·Ammonia (NH3) as well as many amines are bases
Strong Acids or Bases·Strong acids or bases ionize 100 % in solution
·Weak acids or bases ionize <100 % in solution
Strong Acids· HClO4 Perchloric acid
· H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
· HNO3 Nitric acid
· HCl Hydrochloric acid· HBr Hydrobromic acid· HI Hydroiodic acid
Strong Bases· All column I hydroxides
· Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide
· Sr(OH)2 Strontium hydroxide
· Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide
Strong Acid/BaseIonizes 100 % (1 M)
HA H+ + A-
1 M – all 1 1
Monoprotic Acids·Acids containing only one ionizable hydrogen
·HBr Hydrobromic acid
·HCN Hydrocyanic acid
·HC2H3O2 Acetic acid
Diprotic Acids·Acids containing 2 ionizable hydrogens
·H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
·H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
·H2CO3 Carbonic acid
Triprotic Acids·Acids containing 3 ionizable hydrogens
·H3PO4 Phosphoric acid
·H3PO3 Phosphorus acid
·H3AsO4 Arsenic acid
Polyprotic Acids· Acids containing more than one ionizable hydrogens
·H2SO4 Sulfuric acid
·H4SiO4 Silicic acid
·H2CO2 Carbonous acid
Monohydroxic Base·A base containing only one ionizable hydroxide
·NaOH Sodium hydroxide·KOH Potassium hydro.·LiOHLithium hydroxide
Neutralization Rxn· A reaction between an acid
& a base making salt & H2O
·HA(aq) + MOH(aq)
MA(aq) + H2O(l)
Neutralization Rxn
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)
NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
Titration·When titrating acids against bases, the end point of the titration is at the equivalence point
Equivalence Point
·The point where the H+ concentration is equal
to the OH- concentration
Equivalence Point• [ H+] = [OH-]
•Molarity (M)acid
=Molarity(M)base
Titration No changes will be observed when titrating acids against bases; thus, one must use an indicator to see changes
Indicator·An organic dye that changes color when the pH changes
Make Calculations·Calculate the molarity of 25.0 mL HCl when it’s titrated to its equivalence point with 50.0 mL 0.200 M NaOH
Make Calculations·Calculate the mL of 12.5 M HCl required
to make 2.5 L of 0.200 M HCl
Drill: ·Calculate the mL of 16.0 M HNO3 it takes
to make 4.0 L of 0.100 M HNO3
Molarity
·Moles of solute per liter of solution
(M)
Make Calculations·Calculate the molarity of 30.0 mL H2CO3 when it’s titrated to its equivalence point with 75.0 mL 0.200 M NaOH
Make Calculations·Calculate the molarity of 40.0 mL H3PO4 when it’s titrated to its equivalence point with 30.0 mL 0.20 M Ba(OH)2
Calculate the volume of 0.250 M HCl
needed to titrate 50.00 mL 0.200 M NaOH to its equivalence point
Calculate the molarity 25.0 mL H3PO4 that
neutralizes 50.00 mL 0.200 M Ca(OH)2 to its equivalence point
Drill: Calculate the volume of 0.10 M
H3PO4 that neutralizes 50.00 mL 0.200 M
Ca(OH)2 to its equivalence point
pH·The negative log of the hydrogen or hydronium ion concentration
·pH = -log[H+]
·pOH = -log[OH-]
Calculate the pH of each of the following:1) [HCl] = 0.0025 M 2) [H+] = 0.040 M3) [HBr] = 0.080 M
Calculate the pOH of each of the following:
1) [OH-] = 0.030 M2) [KOH] = 0.0025 M3) [NaOH] = 4.0 x 10-12 M
Drill: Calculate the molarity of 25.00 mL of H3PO4 that was titrated to its equivalence point
with 75.00 mL of0.125 M Ba(OH)2.