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IEEE Switchgear Condition Monitoring, November 11, 1999 Pittsburgh 1
A Method of Selecting On-lineCondition Monitoring for
Substation Power Equipment.
W.J (Bill) BergmanPower System Solutions
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Basis of Presentation
Canadian Electricity Association (CEA)CEA Project No. 485T1049 On-lineCondition Monitoring of Substation PowerEquipment - Utility Needs January 1997.
Draft IEEE C37.10.1 Guide to SelectingMonitoring for Power Circuit Breakers
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Broader View of Monitoring
View in context of substation automation On-line condition monitoring SCADA
Intelligent electronic devices (IED) Automated meter reading (AMR) (customer & system) Environmental data Combine above to leverage greater value from
individual monitoring investments and goals
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Substation/Transmission Automation
Means of combining data to improveavailable informationMeans of extracting data to gain relevantinformation and avoid duplication ofmonitoringMeans of directing information to most
appropriate location/user (i.e. operations,maintenance, business, etc.)
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Purposes of Monitoring
Reduce or avoid forced outages,Improve safety to personnel and theenvironment,Improve equipment or power systemutilization,Improve equipment or power systemavailability, (and reliability), andOptimize maintenance costs
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Basis of Selecting Monitoring
Principles of Reliability CenteredMaintenance (RCM) including: Failure Modes and Effects (Criticality)
Analysis FMEA or FME(C)AValue-based Asset ManagementReview of failure statistics
Combine existing available & new signalsCommercially products available ?
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Reliability Centered Maintenance
Directed at preservation of functionIntended as a logic structure for value based
maintenance selectionTechnique can be used to identify designimprovements and select monitoring
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Reliability Centered Maintenance
Select RCM system boundaries andinterfacesDefine functionsFailure Modes, Effects, Criticality AnalysisMatch appropriate maintenance andinspection tasks to failure causes (RCM)Match on-line condition monitoring tofailure characteristic (Monitor Selection)
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Failure Modes and Effects(Criticality) Analysis - FME(C)A
Identify functionsIdentify failure modes
Identify failure causesIdentify effects of failure modesIdentify criticality or risk
Select on-line monitoring to match characteristic of developing failure cause(s)
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Risk MatrixRisk Matrix
(Risk probability * consequences)
Probability
Consequence I
Frequent
II
Probable
III
Occasional
IV
Remote
V
Improbable1
CatastrophicA A A B B
2
CriticalA A B B C
3Moderate
A B B C C4
NegligibleB C C C C
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Failure Statistics Sources
CEA Forced Outage Performance ofTransmission Equipment for 5 yr periods
CIGRE Circuit Breaker and TransformerSurveysIEEE 463-1990 Recommended Practice
for the Design of Reliable Industrial andCommercial Power Systems
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CANADIAN ELECTRICAL ASSOCIATIONEQUIPMENT RELIABILITY INFORMATION SYSTEM
FORCED OUTAGE PERFORMANCE OF TRANSMISSION EQUIPMENTMAJOR COMPONENT
TRANSMISSIONLINES
CIRCUITBREAKERS
CABLE SHUNTREACTOR
BANK
CAPACITORBANK
TRANSFORMERS
ONE THREEPHASE
ELEMENT
THREESINGLE PHASE
ELEMENTS
BULKOIL
MINIMUMOIL
AIR BLAST SF6LIVE TANK
VACUUM OTHERSF6DEAD TANK
VOLTAGE CLASSIFICATION IN kV
110-149 150-199 200-299 300-399 500-599 600-799
ALL INTEGRAL SUBCOMPONENTS ALL TERMINAL EQUIPMENT
WOOD STEEL
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Combining of Signals (example)
interrupter gas pressure interrupter gas temperature
with the addition of time
interruptergas density
interruptergas density
gasleakagerate predictionof fill time
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Value Based (Cost/Benefit) Analysis
Areas of Value (Cost & Benefit) Inspection Maintenance Consequences of Failure
Important to include ALL costs since thisforms the pool of costs that can bereduced by monitoring
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Inspection Costs Considerations
Actual inspection laborTravel time and costsContractor servicesTraining time and costsReporting & analyzing results, technicaland management support of inspectionactivitySupport personnel
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Maintenance Costs Considerations
Power system outage costs e.G.Increased losses, loss of revenue
Actual maintenance laborTravel time and costsContractor servicesTraining time and costs
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Maintenance Costs Consideration(contd)
spare parts management, procurement,warehousing, delivery, interest
preparation of power system switching schedules
and orders, issuing of safe work permits Powersystem switching effort, installation and removalof workers protective grounding
power system outage costs e.g. increased losses,loss of revenue
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Failure Resolution Considerations
Actual failure analysis, rebuild/repair laborTravel time and costs
Contractor servicesPower system outage costs, e.g. increasedlosses, loss of revenue
In and Out costs of failed equipmentand replacement equipment, transportation
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Conclusions
Significant benefits to appropriately appliedmonitoring
Need timely information - not more dataMake better use of existing signals & dataCondition monitoring is a joint effort
between manufacturers (OEM and 3rd parties, utilities (equipment, P&C,communications) and software developers
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Conclusions
RCM & FMEA (and later RCFA) providelogic structure for application of monitoring
Significant benefit to standards - particularly transducers, communications protocol & data management
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Recommendations
Individual on-line monitoring efforts needto integrate with the larger and longer termissues of substation and transmissionautomation.
Utilities need to define long term desired
outcomes for on-line monitoring
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RecommendationsApply condition monitoring in context ofRCM and FME(C)A Use Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM),
a concept directed at preserving function Use Failure Mode & Effects Criticality
Analysis (FMECA) directed at identifyingspecific failure causes of functional failuremodes , suggested as a strategy for identifyingand selecting condition monitoringopportunities
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Recommendations
Develop standards for hardware, softwareand communications protocols
Incorporate future on-line conditionmonitoring into integrated substationautomation SCADA, metering, datacollection, and protection & controls
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Recommendations
Continue to extract or develop informationfrom available data within the substation
Make better use of existing data supplemented with additional easily obtaineddata/information
Expert systems need to be developed foron-line monitoring to translate data rapidlyinto recommended action.
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Recommendations
Optimize costs with ability to use a steppedor modular approach to on-line conditionmonitoring implementation.
Develop improved monitoring sensors
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Recommendations
Standardize and expand on failure /diagnostics reporting
Further research on failure mechanisms andfailure patterns (associated time to failureand degree of warning knowledge)
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References
CEA Project No. 485T1049 On-lineCondition Monitoring of Substation PowerEquipment - Utility Needs January 1997CEA Forced Outage Performance ofTransmission Equipment for PeriodsJanuary 1, 1988 to December 31, 1992
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References
IEEE C37.10.1 draft Guide for selectingmonitoring for Power Circuit Breakers Aimed at guiding users in the selection and
application of monitoring to circuit breakers. Based on FMEA , Risk management and
Economic analysis
Draft stage
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References
CSA CAN/CSA-Q634-M91Risk AnalysisRequirements and Guidelines
IEC 812 Analysis techniques for systemreliability - Procedure for failure mode andeffects analysis (FMEA)IEC 1025 Fault tree analysis (FTA)
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References
The First International enquiry on CircuitBreaker Failures & Defects in Service
ELECTRA No. 79, Dec 1985, pp 21 - 91.{20,000 circuit breakers of all types >63 kVfor the years 1974 through 1977; (77,892circuit-breaker-years)}
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References
Final Report of the Second InternationalEnquiry on High Voltage Circuit BreakerFailures, CIGRE Working Group 13.06Report, June 1994. {18,000 single pressureSF6 circuit breakers >63 kV for the years1988 to 1991; (70,708 circuit-breaker-
years)}
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References
An International Survey on Failures inLarge Power Transformers in Service -Final report of Working Group 05 ofCIGRE Study Committee 12(Transformers), published in Electra No.88, January 1983.
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References
IEEE 463-1990 Recommended Practicefor the Design of Reliable Industrial andCommercial Power Systems
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References
IEEE C37.10-1996 Guide for circuit breaker diagnostics and failureinvestigationIEEE 1325-1996 Recommended practicefor reporting failure data for power circuit
breakers
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References
ANSI/IEEE C57.117-1986 (Reaff 1992),Guide for Reporting Failure Data forPower Transformers and Shunt Reactors onElectric Power SystemsANSI/IEEE C57.125-1991, Guide forFailure Investigation, Documentation, andAnalysis for Power Transformer and ShuntReactor
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Reference
Assessment of Reliability Worth inElectric Power Systems in Canada(NSERC Strategic Grant STR0045005Prepared by the Power System ResearchGroup, University of Saskatchewan, June1993)