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to then detect and empathize with the emotional states of

others. While these are impressive d ev el op me nt al s ki ll s,u nf or tu na te ly t he y a ls o r en de r y ou ng c hi ld re n e sp ec ia ll yvulnerable to certain kinds of stress (e.i. birth of a new

sibling). It is presumed that y oung childrgn's increasedsensitivity to social relationships in general and threats of

d is pla ce m~n t i n pa rt ic ul ar co mb in e w it h t hei r o ng oi ng d ep en de nc y

on t he fa mi ly t o m ake t he m es pe ci al ly v ul ne ra bl e to a nxie ty a ndstress.

F in al ly , p re sc ho ol children's struggle with the continuingd ev el op me nt o f at ta ch me nt r el at io ns hi ps r en de rs t he m

p ar ti cu la rl y v ul ne ra bl e t o e ve nt s t ha t t hre at en t o di sr up t t hos erelationships.

John Bowlby, author of volumes on child development, viewed the

first 3 years of life as heavily involved in t he development ofa tt ac hm en t r el at io ns hi ps w hi ch a re i nc or po ra te d a s pa r t o f t hec hi ld 's s en se o f t he ms el ve s i n re la tio n to o th er s. D is ru pt io nsi n t he a tt ac hm ent p ro ces s ( i. e. s ep ar at io n f ro m p ri ma ryc ar eg iv er ) a re l ik el y t o b e p a rt ic ul ar ly painful d ur in g t hetoddler an d early p re sc ho ol y ea rs . S ep ar at io n in the first 6months of life and after t he a ge o f 4 a re l es s d is ru pt iv e.

During t h e p e ri o d between 1 and 4 years, stressors that threatent he p ri ma ry a tt ac hm ent r el ati on sh ip ar e li ke ly t o b e e~ pe rl en ce da s p a r ti c u la r l y difficult. A s c h il dr en a pp ro ac h s ch oo l age,their repertoire o f s el f s oo th in g s ki ll s a s w el l a s t he irn et wo rks o f extra-familial relationships expands, andc on se qu en tl y th ei r a bi li ty t o f in d co mfo rt f rom p ers on s o the rthan p rimary attachment figures in t imes of stress. Young

&fflchoOlets_commonl~ d~~~s~rate the effects of stress in foura ! R eg re ss Io n t o r-mmature f or ms of b eh a vi o r, i n cr e as e d

a tt en ti on s ee ki ng , w it hd ra wa l f ro m s oc ia l c on ta ct , a nd changesin play.

P ro vi di ng t he y ou ng c hi ld w it h c on si st en cy , s af et y a nd

p re di ct ab il it y c re at es f ee li ng s o f se cu ri ty a nd trust. Talkingt o c h il dr en a nd e xpla in in g a bo ut s tr es sf ul c ir cu ms ta nc es t akesthe guessing out of what might hap pen. Talk ing about bowi mp or ta nt c hi ld re n ar e t o p a r en ts p ro vi de s them with a solidf ou nd at io n a nd a g re at d e~ l o f c om fo rt.

M s. D ombrowsk i, I h op e that there has been something writtenhere that you will find useful and helpful.

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Please do not hesitate to contact me with any qUQstions or

comments. 1 w il l return to my office on September l a , 1 99 7.

S in c er e ly y o ur s ,

M ar ya nn e S te wa rt , M SW , L SCS WC li ni ca l S oc ia l W or ke r

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