This article was downloaded by: [University Aut Ciudad Juarez]On: 02 April 2013, At: 02:43Publisher: Taylor & FrancisInforma Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House,37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

The Engineering Economist: A Journal Devoted to theProblems of Capital InvestmentPublication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/utee20

Annotated Bibliography on Justification of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing SystemsJohn R. Canada aa North Carolina State UniversityVersion of record first published: 05 Apr 2007.

To cite this article: John R. Canada (1986): Annotated Bibliography on Justification of Computer-Integrated ManufacturingSystems, The Engineering Economist: A Journal Devoted to the Problems of Capital Investment, 31:2, 137-150

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00137918608902932

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematicreproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form toanyone is expressly forbidden.

The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contentswill be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses shouldbe independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims,proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly inconnection with or arising out of the use of this material.

Volume 3 1 - Number 2 Winter , 1986

The Engineer ing Economist

Annotated Bibliography on Ju~tification of Computer - Integrated Manufacturing Sy~tems

John R. Canada

North C a r o l i n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y *BSTR*CT

m i a is an exrenaive, bur nor edxaustive. bibl iosraphy for persona in teres ted i n the j u e r i f i c a c i o n (economic endlor noweconomic) o f the various aspecre no-117 assoc ia ted with computer-integrated m u f a c r u r i n g (Cm) ayar-. lloar ~ l r b c i t e d include a br ie f ~ n o r a r e d comment regarding eubjecr in- c l w i o n s end perhaps perceived srrengchs. Por the 100 plus c irat iona . f i f ty -cvo are categorized all belng generally aubjecrive ovenierrrlguldel ines. and chircy-f iv. are caregorired as including quancire- r i v e rechniqueplanalysio merhodologiea for justification of Cnl systems or components of such systems.

C I M sys tems a r e l o o s e l y r e f e r r e d t o a s any computer-oriented equipment o r

sys tem which a i d s i n , o r a c h i e v e s , t h e automat ion o f a manufac tu r ing e n t e r p r i s e ,

and which is planned t o i n c r e a s e , i f n o t e v e n t u a l l y complete, i n t e g r a t i o n of t h e

e n t e r p r i s e . I t t y p i c a l l y i n v o l v e s p r o d u c t / p r o c e s s d e s i g n , manufac tu r ing c o n t r o l s ,

and /or d e c i s i o n s u p p o r t sys tems.

Over t h e p a s t s e v e r a l y e a r s t h e r e have been i n c r e a s i n g l y f r e q u e n t f o r c e f u l

s t a t e m e n t s by i n d u s t r y l e a d e r s and a u t h o r s r e g a r d i n g t h e inadequac ies of t r a d i t i o n a l

d i scounted cash f low a s w e l l a s accounting-based methodologies f o r e v a l u a t i n g and j u s t i f y i n g C I M systems. The r o o t s of t h e pe rce ived weaknesses a r e t h a t t h o s e t r a d i t i o n a l methodologies (1) f a i l t o adequa te ly q u a n t i f y and i n c o r p o r a t e t h e broad a lmos t -pervas ive b e n e f i t s of C I M sys tems; and (2) o f t e n b l i n d f i r m t o t h e e f f e c t s of s t a t u s quo complacency.

P a r t s 1 and 2, on "Books" and "Symposia" r e s p e c t i v e l y , a r e most ly on CIMS i n

g e n e r a l r a t h e r than j u s t i f i c a t i o n of CIMS i n p a r t i c u l a r . l los t were not reviewed by t h i s a u t h o r / c o m p i l e r , (and hence no a n n o t a t i o n was g iven) by they a r e inc luded h e r e i n because many a r e thought l i k e l y t o have some m a t e r i a l s on j u s t i f i c a t i o n . F u r t h e r , i t i s thought t h a t t h e r e a d e r may w e l l be i n t e r e s t e d i n o t h e r a s p e c t s of

CIHS covered i n t h e books and symposia.

S u b s t a n t i a l m a t e r i a l used w i t h pe rmiss ion from Should We Automate Now? E v a l u a t i o n of Computer-Integrated Manufactur ing Systems: An A p p l i c a t i o n s Manual w i t h Handy m, by J . R. Canada and R. L . Edwards, t985 , I n d u s t r i a l Extension S e r v i c e , School of Engineer ing , North C a r o l i n a S t a t e U n i v e r s i t y , R a l e i g h , NC 27695.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

138 The Eng ineer ing Economist

P a r t 3 c o n t a i n s some 52 a r t i c l e s which are . g e n e r a l l y s u b j e c t i v e overviews/guide- l i n e s on j u s t i f i c a t i o n of p a r t o r a l l of CIM Systems. Most a r e v e r y good and some a r e o u t s t a n d i n g . A g e n e r a l gauge on reviewed q u a l i t y / a p p l i c a b i l i t y c a n b e o b t a i n e d from t h e a n n o t a t i o n s . Of p a r t i c u l a r n o t e a r e many of t h e a r t i c l e s i n Hmard Business Review.

P a r t 4 c o n t a i n s some 35 a r t i c l e s which i n c l u d e q u a n t i t a t i v e t e c h n i q u e s / a n a l y s i s methodologies f o r j u s t i f i c a t i o n of ( u s u a l l y p a r t s o f ) C I H Systems. Of p a r t i c u l a r n o t e a r e t h e works by Custavson and Boothroyd. Probably t h e most comprehensive , y e t o v e r s i m p l i f i e d , economic a n a l y s i s approaches a r e by Meyer [Ref. 1051, and by Genera l Dynamics Gorpora t ion [Ref. 951.

Pe rhaps no b i b l i o g r a p h y is complete w i t h o u t c i t i n g o t h e r b i b l i o g r a p h i e s which

i n c l u d e r e f e r e n c e s a t l e a s t on t h e p e r i p h e r y of t h e s u b j e c t . I n a d d i t i o n t o a v e r y e x t e n s i v e 1983 I B M work*, t h e f o l l o w i n g a r e o t h e r s :

Gener ic S u b j e c t

Replacement D e c i s i o n s i n High Technology I n d u s t r i e s

Economics of Robots

P r o d u c t i v i t y Measurement/ Weighted E v a l u a t i o n

Economics of Robots

Assembly Automation Economics

Refe rence Number of Author No. (Below) - Date Works Gi ted

S u l l i v a n (111) 1984 26

F l e i s c h e r (52) 1982 36 S i n k (110) 1984 2 1

C e n ' l Dyn. (95) 1980 83 Corp. ( f o r A i r Force ) Boo throyd (40) 1984 17

Sof tware C o s t s f o r Hutchinson (63) 198b 33 Manufactur ing C o n t r o l 6 Clementson Systems

I hope t h i s w i l l b e of g r e a t v a l u e t o r e a d e r s d e s i r i n g t o u s e a p p r o p r i a t e known

techn iques a s w e l l a s t h o s e d e v e l o p i n g methodologies which b e t t e r meet t h e c r i t i c i s m s of i n a d e q u a c i e s and c h a l l e n g e s f o r t h e f u t u r e .

* Host of t h e r e f e r e n c e s i n P a r t s 1 and 2 were o b t a i n e d from "CAD/CAM: A ~ i b l i o g r a p h y " by Mr. A. H. Agajanian of t h e IBEI Corpora t ion Genera l Technology D i v i s i o n . (Technical Report 22.250ldated May 11, 1983). The r e p o r t i s o u t s t a n d i n g l y comprehensive w i t h 549 r e f e r e n c e s i n some 30 s u b j e c t c a t e g o r i e s .

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

Volume 3 1 - Number 2 139

1. BOOKS - CIMS-Related, i n Genera l

Boehm, Barry W . , SofkJare Engineering Economics, P r e n t i c e - H a l l , 1981. 767 pp. F i r s t e x t e n s i v e book on t h i s s u b j e c t . Good f o r t e x t and b a s i s f o r e s t i m a t i n g s o f t w a r e c o s t s . Examples mos t ly o r i e n t e d toward g e n e r a l d e c i s i o n s u p p o r t sys tems r a t h e r than C I M .

Boothroyd, G . , Automatic AssembZy, M. Dekker, New York, NY, 1982, TJ1317.B66.

Boothroyd, G. and P. Dewhurst, Design for AssembZy Handbook, Automatic Assembly Program, M.E. Dept., U n i v e r s t t y of Massachuse t t s , Amhbrst, MA.

Not reviewed, b u t c o n t a i n s much o f t h e m a t e r i a l i n o t h e r a r t i c l e s by P r o f . Boothroyd. P r o v i d e s a d a t a base f o r r a p i d e s t i m a t i o n , g i v e s a numer ica l r a t i n g f o r assembly e f f i c i e n c y , h e l p s reduce manufac tu r ing c o s t s , e t c .

Chasen, S. H. and J. W. Dow, The Guide for the EvaZuation and ImpZementation o f CAD/CAM Systems, CAD/CAM Dec i s ions Co., A t l a n t a , GA, 1980.

D o r n f i e l d , D. A., (Ed.). Automation i n Manufacturing, Systems, Processes, and Computer Aids, (PED S e r i e s Vol. 4 ) , ASME, New York, NY, 1981.

Foundyl le r , C. M., h k e y CAD/CAM Computer Graphics: A Survey and Buyer's Guide, Daratech A s s o c i a t e s , Cambridge. MA, 1980, 3 Vols.

Groover, M. P., Automation, Production Systems and Computer-Aided Manufacturing, P r e n t i c e - H a l l , Englewood C l i f f s , N J , 1980.

Groover, M. P. and E. W. Z i m m e r s , CAD/CAM: Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing, P r e n t i c e - H a l l , Englewood C l i E f s , N J , 1984. Gunn, Jr., T. G . , Computer AppZications i n Manufacturing, I n d u s t r i a l P r e s s . New York, NY, 1981, TS155.G924.

Hatvany, J., M. E. Merchant. K. R a t h m i l l , and H. Yoshikawa, World Survey o f CAM, B u t t e r w o r t h & Co., Ltd . , Borough Green, Sevenoaks, Kent, Enp,land, 1983.

Hayes, Richard H. and S. C. Wheelwright, Restoring Our Competitive Edge: Competing Through Manufacturing, J. Wiley, 1984.

E x c e l l e n t d e f i n i t i v e work based on y e a r s of r e s e a r c h and w r i t i n g .

Hunt, W. Dan ie l , Industria2 Robotics Handbook, I n d u s t r i a l P r e s s , New York, 1983. Chapter 9. pp. 150-158 is on "Economics of Robotics". Example u s e s format and c a t e g o r i e s developed by Genera l Dynamics Corpora t ion f o r A i r Force ICAM p r o j e c t (See (95) ) .

Hunte r , R. P., Automated Process Control Systems: Concepts and Hardware, P r e n t i c e - H a l l , Englewood C l i f f s , N J , 1978, TS156.8.H86.

Hyer, N . L., (Ed.), Group TechnoZogy a t Work, SME, Dearborn, M I , 1984, 254 PP.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

140 The Eng ineer ing Economist

I n f o t e c h L imi ted , Factory Automation, S tate o f the A r t Report. I . AnaZysis, I n f o t e c h L imi ted , Maidenhead, England, 1980.

K a f r i s s e n and H. S tephans , IndustriaZ Robots and Robotics, Reston Publ . Co., 1984.

Chapter 11, pp. 303-15, c o n t a i n s good s t a t e m e n t s re j u s t i f i c a t i o n of robo t s .

Konen, Yoram, Computer Control o f tkznufacturing Systems, PlcCraw-Hill, 1983, 287 pp.

Krouse, J. K., What Every Engineer Shou7.d Know About Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing: The CAD/CAM RevoZution, Marce l Dekker, I n c . , New York, NY, 1982, TA174.K76.

Pressman. R. S. and J. E. Wi l l i ams , NumericaZ ControZ m d Computer-Aided Manufacturing, Wiley, New York, NY, 1977, TJ1189.P728. SME, CAD/CAM, Dearborn, M I , 1983, 587 pp.

Tanner, W., (Ed.), IndustriaZ Robots, FwulmnentaZs, SME, Dearborn, M I , 2nd Ed., 1981, 445 pp.

Tanner, W., (Ed.), Industrial Robots, Applications, SHE, Dearborn, M I . 2nd Ed., 1981, 484 pp.

Taraman, K h a l i l , CAD/CAM Integration and Innovation, SME, Dearborn, M I , 1984, 428 pp.

Wang, P. , (Ed.), Automation Technology for Management m d Productivity Advmce- ments Through CAD/CAM and Engineering Data Handling, P r e n t i c e - H a l l , Englewood C l i f f s , N J , 1983.

2. SYMPOSIA - CIMS-Related, i n G e n e r a l

A u t o f a c t West Proceed ings , Anaheim, CA, November 17-20, 1980; SME, Dearborn, M I , 1980, Two Volumes.

Autofact 6 Froceedings, 1984, SME, Dearborn, PII, 1280 pp. CAD/CAM as a Basis for Development o f TechnoZoe i n Developing Iiations, Pmceedings o f the I F I P WG5.2 Working Conference, Encarnacao, J. L., T o r r e s , 0. F. F. and Warman, E. A., (Eds . ) , San Pau lo , B r a z i l , October 21-23, 1981; North-Holland, New York, NY, 1982, CCA17-2820.

Conference on Computer Aided Mrmufacturing m d Productivity, COMPRO 81, London, England, October 21-22, 1981; I n s t i t u t e of P r o d u c t i o n Eng ineer ing , London, England, 1981.

Conference on Computer Graphics i n CAD/CAM Systems, I s t , Froceedings, Cambridge. MA, A p r i l 9-11, 1979; MIT P r e s s , Cambridge, MA, 1979.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

Volume 3 1 - Number 2

Eleventh Conference on Production Research and TechnoZogy, Carnegie-t lel lon, 1984, SME, Dearborn, M I , 432 pp.

In t emt ionaZ Conference Cybernetics Society Proceedings, Cambridge, MA, October 8-10, 1980, IEEE, New York, NY, 1980.

In t emt ionaZ Conference on FZexibZe E4anufacturing Systems, I s t , Proceedings, Brigh ton , England, October 20-22, 1982; IFS (Conferences) , Ltd. , Kempston, England, 1982, CCA18-4786.

Man-Machine C o m i c a t i o n i n CAD/CAM, Proceedings of the I F I P WG5.2-5.3 Working Conference, Tokyo, Japan , October 2-4, 1980; North-Holland, New York, NY, 1981, CCA17-28129.

NSF Grantees' Conference on Production Research and TechnoZogy, 6th, S t a n f o r d , CA, J anuary 27-29, 1981, B in ford , T., (Ed.), NTIS Repor t PB81-183964.

NumericaZ Control Society AnnuaZ E4eeting and TechnicaZ Conference, P i o n e e r i n g i n Technology ... Bui ld ing f o r t h e Fu tu re . 1 7 t h , 1980; Numerical C o n t r o l Soc., Glenview, IL, 1980.

Robots 8 Conference Proceedings, 1984, SME, Dearborn, 111, 1800 pp. S t r i v i n g f o r Techno log ica l E x c e l l e n c e i n Manufactur ing Through Communication. P lann ing , and P r o f e s s i o n a l i s m : Proceedings of InternationaZ TechnicaZ Conference, NwnericaZ ControZ Society, 18th, 1981; Numerical C o n t r o l Soc., Glenview, IL, 1981.

3. A r t i c l e s - J u s t i f i c a t i o n of CIMS: G e n e r a l l y S u b j e c t i v e Overview/Guidel ines

Ayres, Rober t U. and S. M i l l e r , "Robot ics , CAM, and I n d u s t r i a l P r o d u c t i v i t y " , NationaZ Productivity Review, Winter 1901-82, pp. 42-60.

Overview on t h e impac t s of " f l e x i b l e " computer-aided t e c h n o l o g i e s on t h e economics of b a t c h p roduc t ion .

# # Boothroyd, G . , Design f o r P r o d u c t i v i t y - The Road t o Higher P r o d u c t i v i t y " , AssembZy hzgineering, Mar. 1982, 4 pp.

E a r l y overview a r t i c l e on assembly s a v i n g s p o s s i b l e through p roduc t r e d e s i g n .

Boothroyd, G . , "Use of Robots i n Assembly Automation", a p p a r e n t l y a Keynote Paper f o r (Annuals of ? I C.I.R.P. CeneraZ AssembZy, 1984, 20 pp.

Seems t o be a c l a s s i c i n d e s c r i b i n g v a r i o u s t y p e s of automated assembly sys tems w i t h numerous i l l u s t r a t i v e d iagrams and g raphs on r e l a t i v e economics. P ro f . Boothroyd i s i n t h e M.E. Dept. a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Massachuse t t s . Con ta ins 17 r e f e r e n c e s .

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

142 The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

Boothroyd, G. and P. Dewhurst, "Computer-Aided Design f o r Assembly", Assembly Engineering, February 1983, 5 + pp.

Desc r ibes s o f t w a r e programs a v a i l a b l e f o r Apple I1 P l u s and I B M PC microcomputers. S i x s e p a r a t e programs seem t o b e w e l l developed (Note: t h e programs, used by 40+ f i r m s , a r e a v a i l a b l e from Boothroyd and Dewhurst, 56 Sheerman Lane, Amherst, MA .01002.)

Boothroyd, G. and P. Dewhurst, "Design f o r Assembly9', Machine Design, 1984. 22 + pp.

R e p r i n t s of f o u r v e r y w e l l p r e s e n t e d a r t i c l e s on t h e f o l l o w i n g t o p i c s : S e l e c t i n g t h e r i g h t method, manual assembly; a u t o m a t i c assembly; and Robot assembly and s o f t w a r e sys tems.

C u r t i n , Frank T., "New Cos t ing Methods Needed f o r Manufac tu r ing Technology", Management Review, A p r i l 1984, pp. 29-30.

Good, s h o r t overview. M r . C u r t i n i s Genera l Manager of Genera l E l e c t r i c ' s I n d u s t r i a l Automation Systems Department.

C u r t i n , Frank T., "Planning and J u s t i f y i n g Automation Systems". Production Engineering, May 1984, 6 pp.

E x c e l l e n t l y - a r t i c u l a t e d ph i losophy r e s t r a t e g i c c o n s i d e r a t i o n s .

Devaney, C. Will iam, "Bui ld ing t h e Br idge Between CADICAIIIMIS", Proceedings o f Fall 1984 Conference, I n s t i t u t e of I n d u s t r i a l Eng ineers , A t l a n t a .

Good g e n e r a l r e c o g n i t i o n of problems of CIMS i n t e g r a t i n g i n c l u d i n g computer c o m p a t i b i l i t y , d a t a b a s e boundar ies , and o r g a n i z a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s .

Drozda, Thomas J., (Ed.), "Robotized Mul t i -Ce l l s Best f o r Mid-Value Output", Robotics Today, A p r i l 1983, pp. 53-56.

Gives good g e n e r a l example and phi losophy.

DuPont-Gatelmand, C a t h e r i n e , "A Survey of F l e x i b l e Manufac tu r ing Systems", Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1982, pp. 1-15.

Ra the r d e f i n i t i v e review and c a t e g o r i z a t i o n of f l e x i b l e manufac tu r ing sys tems f o r machining and assembly used i n U.S. and 1 0 o t h e r major i n d u s t r i a l i z e d c o u n t r i e s .

Eiler, R. G . , W. T. Muir, and L. T. Michae l s , "The R e l a t i o n s h i p Between Technology and Cost Management", Material Handling Engineering, January 1984; "Improving Cost-Benefi t Analyses". February 1984; "Cost B e n e f i t Track ing Procedures" , March 1984.

s u g g e s t a s e r i e s oE s t e p s t h a t b e g i n s w i t h f a c t o r y modeling u s i n g t h e A i r Force - developed i n t e g r a t e d compute r -ass i s t ed manufac tu r ing d e f i n i t i o n (IDEF) modeling approach. IDEF i s powerful f o r comprehensively d e s c r i b i n g f u n c t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s a s w e l l a s t h e i r complex i n t e r a c t i o n s , w i t h i n e n g i n e e r i n g and manufac tu r ing environments .

Eshleman, R. L. and F. S. Pagano, "What Managers Need t o Know When Choosing Robots", National Product iv i ty Review, pp. 242-56, Summer '83.

Genera l overview.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

Volume 3 1 - Number 2 143

Evans, David and P. C. Schwab, " I n t e g r a t e d Manufactur ing-Financhg: t h e Backing t o Go Forward", Production Engineering, September 1984, pp. 122-24.

Recognizes t h a t t h e r e a r e i n n o v a t i v e f i n a n c i n g v e h i c l e s t o back modern technology inves tments .

Eversheim, W. and P. Hennman, "Recent Trends i n F l e x i b l e Automated Manufacturing". Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1982, pp. 139-48.

Good overview of degrees of mfg. f l e x i b i l i t y a p p r o p r i a t e a c c o r d i n g t o volume and v a r i a b i l i t y . Contains good g r a p h i c a l a i d s f o r a n a l y s i s and planning.

F l e i s c h e r , G. A., "A Genera l i zed Methodology f o r Assess ing t h e Economic Consequences o f Acquir ing Robots f o r R e p e t i t i v e Operat ions" , Proceedings o f May 1982 Annual Conference, I n s t i t u t e o f I n d u s t r i a l Eng ineers , Norcross , GA, pp. 130-39.

Good g e n e r a l overview. Contains 38 r e f e r e n c e s and c a t e g o r i z a t i o n of which advocate which method o f a n a l y s i s . Also c o n t a i n s a n e x t e n s i v e breakdown of types of c o s t s t o be cons idered .

Foulkes. Fred. K., and J. L. K i r s c h , "People Make Robots work", Harvard Business Review, Jan-Feb, 1984, p. 94-102.

Quote: "Most companies demons t ra te concern f o r workers by a s s i g n i n g t h e f i r s t r o b o t s used t o t h e 3 D ' s - d u l l , d i r t y o r dangerous , o r t h e 3 H'S - h o t , heavy and hazardous jobs".

Gerwin, Donald, "Do's and Don' t ' s of Computerized ~ a n u f a c t u r i n g " . Harvard Business Review, Mar-Apr, 1982. pp. 107-116.

One of t h e c l a s s i c a r t i c l e s emphasizing importance o f p lann ing t o t ake advantage of computers i n p rocess technology. Mr. Gerwin i s P r o f e s s o r o f Business A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a t U n i v e r s i t y of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.

Gold, Bela , "CAM S e t s New Rules f o r Product ion" , Harvard Business Review, Nov-Dec, 1982, pp. 88-94.

F requen t ly -c i t ed c l a s s i c p r e s e n t i n g c a s e f o r s e r i o u s c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f computer-aided manufactur ing p r o c e s s technology, p a r t i c u l a r l y r e c o g n i z i n g b e n e f i t s beyond t h o s e normally cons idered i n u s u a l f i n a n c i a l e v a l u a t i o n s .

Goldhar, J o e l D. and M. J e l i n e k . "Plan f o r Economics of Scope", Harvard Business Review, Nov-Dec, 1983, pp. 141-48.

S u b s t a n t i a l overview of importance of computers i n manufactur ing p r o c e s s i n g and good a r t i c u l a t i o n o f "scope" vs . " sca le" economics. M r . Goldhar i s Dean of t h e School of Bus iness A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a t I IT .

Gr ie r son , Donald K., " I n t e g r a t e d Manufactur ing - The Managers: Maest ros o r Magicians", Production Engineering, Sept . 1984, pp. 38-43.

S t r o n g overview r e need t o p l a n s t r a t e g i c a l l y about how t o compete i n f u t u r e , and t o e s t a b l i s h c o r p o r a t e a r c h i t e c t u r e t o implement. M r . G r i e r s o n is a S e n i o r Vice P r e s i d e n t of General E l e c t r i c Company.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

144 The Engineer ing Economist

G r i m m , James J . , " I n t e g r a t e d Manufactur ing - Technology's Tomorrow J u s t Arrived", Production Engineering, Sept . 1984, pp. 72-76.

Overview w i t h i n t e r e s t i n g "h ie ra rchy of acronyms" and a l s o f o r e c a s t s re a v a i l a b i l i t y of v a r i o u s types of manufactur ing t echnolog ies .

Groover, Mike l l , P., "Meeting t h e Cha l lenges of CAD/CAMr', National Productiuity Review, Winter 1982-83. pp. 29-35.

Groover, M i k e l l P. and J. E. Hughes, "Job Shop Automation S t r a t e g y Can Add E f f i c i e n c y t o Small Opera t ion F l e x i b i l i t y " , Industrial Engineering, November 1981, pp. 67-74.

General overview. Contains e i g h t p r i n c i p l e s compris ing a s t r a t e g y f o r automat ing job shops.

Hayes, Robert H. and W. J. Abernathy, "Managing Our Way t o Economic Decline", Harvard Business Review, July-Aug 1980, p. 67.

Quote: "Undue emphasis on a n a l y t i c t echn iques b i a s e s d e c i s i o n s a g a i n s t t h e purchase of advanced m a n ~ ~ f a c t u r i n g equipment t h a t promotes long-term t e c h n i c a l s u p e r i o r i t y " .

Hayes, Robert H. and D. A. Garvin , "Managing a s I f Tomorrow Mattered". Haruard Business Review, May-June 1982, pp. 71-79.

F r e q u e n t l y - c i t e d c l a s s i c on t h e shor tcomings of t r a d i t i o n a l inves tment a n a l y s e s which f a i l t o c o n s i d e r t h e e f f e c t s of n o t i n v e s t i n g i n new, lower v a r i a b l e c o s t technology. Both a u t h o r s a r e a t Harvard Bus iness School.

Hutchinson, George K. and A. T. Clementson, "Manufacturing Cont ro l Systems: An Approach t o Reducing Sof tware Costs", P r e s e n t e d a t I n t e r n a t i o n a l Conference on Manufactur ing S c i e n c e and Technolorn of t h e F u t u r e , M.I.T.. Cambridge, MA, October 9-12, 1984, 29 pp.

Hyer, Nancy L. and V. Wemnerlov, "Group Technology and P r o d u c t i v i t y " , Harvard Business Review, July-Aug 1984, pp. 140-149.

L i g h t overview a r t i c l e on e x p l o i t i n g s i m i l a r i t i e s i n manufac tu r ing problems o r t a s k s .

Kaplan, Robert S., "Accounting and C o n t r o l Systems f o r t h e New I n d u s t r i a l Competit ion", Working Paper 9-784-054, Harvard Business School , November 1983, 35 PP.

S c h o l a r l y work p a r a l l e l i n g a r t i c l e of July-Aug 1984 (below).

Kaplan, Robert S., ha ester day's Accounting Undermines Production". Harvard Business Revceu, July-Aug 1984, pp. 95-101.

E x c e l l e n t a r t i c u l a t i o n of need t o change o u t d a t e d a c c o u n t i n g and c o n t r o l s y s t e n s t o f a c i l i t a t e r e v i t a l i z a t i o n . of manufac tu r ing i n d u s t r i e s . M r . Kaplan i s a t Harvard Bus iness School.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

Volume 3 1 - Number 2 145

K e s t e r , W. C a r l , "Today's Opt ions f o r Tomorrow's ~ r o w t h " , Hamrd Business Review, Mar-Apr 1984, pp. 153-159.

P r e s e n t s framework f o r l i n k i n g c u r r e n t c a p i t a l b u d ~ e t i n g d e c i s i o n s w i t h s t r a t e g i c o p p o r t u n i t i e s through r e c o g n i z i n g d i f f e r e n t l e v e l s of c o m p e t i t i v e r i v a l r y and o p t i o n s f o r f u t u r e .

Lambrix, Rober t J. and S. S. S inghv i , "Preapproval Audi t s of C a p i t a l P r o j e c t s " , Hamard Business Review, Mar-Apr 1984, pp. 12-14.

Advocates and g i v e s example of v a l u e of h a v i n g m u l t i - d i s c i p l i n a r y team i n d e p e n d e n t l y s t u d y impor tan t inves tment p roposa l s . Based on a u t h o r s ' work a t Armco, Inc .

Levine , Susan J. and M. S. Ya lowi tz , "Managing Technology: The Key t o S u c c e s s f u l Bus iness Growth", Management Review, September 1983, pp. 44-48.

L i s t s numerous b e n e f i t s of technology management. Also o u t l i n e s a p r o c e s s f o r technology management - I n c l u d e s m a t r i x of s t r a t e g i c o p t i o n s f o r v a r i o u s t e c h n o l o g i e s and c o m p e t i t i v e p o s i t i o n s .

M a l l e r , Rober t J., " I n t e g r a t e d Manufactur ing - The S t r u c t u r e : S i m p l i f y and Focus, o r Col lapse" , Plroduction Engineering, September 1R84, pp. 62-65.

Advocates f o c u s i n g manufac tu r ing o p e r a t i o n s w i t h u s e o f computer-aided t e c h n o l o g i e s . Emphasizes need f o r d i s c i p l i n e and a t t e n t i o n t o d e t a i l t o implement.

Manchuck, S t a n l e y , " R e a l i s t i c Assessment o f P r o s p e c t s f o r F u l l CAD/CAM (CIMS) I n t e g r a t i o n " , P r e s e n t e d t o 1984 F a l l Conference, I n s t i t u t e of I n d u s t r i a l Eng ineers , October 1984, A t l a n t a , 12 pp.

Thoughtful r e f l e c t i o n s on d i f f i c u l t i e s of i n t e g r a t i o n of e n g i n e e r i n g , manufac tu r ing , and b u s i n e s s s y s terns. R e f l e c t s on needs f o r c o m p a t a b i l i t y of d a t a b a s e ( e s ) and communication s y s t e m ( s ) .

Michael , Gera ld J., "Economic J u s t i f i c a t i o n of Modern Computer-Based F a c t o r y Automation Equipment", P resen ted a t f i r s t ORSA-TIMS S p e c i a l I n t e r e s t Conference on F l e x i b l e Manufactur ing Systems, August 15-17, 1984, 1 4 pp.

Outs tand ing summary of i n a d e q u a c i e s of t r a d i t i o n a l j u s t i f i c a t i o n p rocedures . Good review o f key l i t e r a t u r e .

McDonald, James L. and W. F. Hasti-ngs, " S e l e c t i n g and J u s t i f y i n g CAD/CAMt', AssembZy Engineering, A p r i l 1983, pp. 24-27.

Desc r ibes a seven-s tep s t u d y p r o c e s s which b e g i n s w i t h f e a s i b i l i t y and needs a n a l y s i s . Good a r t i c u l a t i o n of p r a c t i c a l c o n s i d e r a t i o n s . The a u t h o r s a r e w i t h P r o d u c t i v i t y I n t e r n a t i o n a l , Inc .

Na t iona l Research Counci l , Computer Integration of Engineering Design and Production, N a t i o n a l Academy P r e s s , November 1984, 62 pp.

Outs tand ing work of a b lue-chip committee on t h e CAD/CAM I n t e r f a c e of t h e Manufac tu r ing S t u d i e s Board. E x c e l l e n t e x p o s i t i o n s on b e n e f i t s of C I M and i s s u e s t h a t a f f e c t computer i n t e g r a t i o n . I n c l u d e s r e s u l t s of v i s i t s of 5 f i r m s u s i n g CAD/CAM.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

146 The Engineer ing Economist

P o t t e r , Ronald D., "Analyze I n d i r e c t Savings i n J u s t i f y i n g Robots", Industria2 Engineering, November 1983, 3 pp.

A r t i c u l a t e s s o u r c e s / c a u s e s o f v a r i o u s i n d i r e c t s a v i n g s .

Schmenner, Roger W., "Every Fac to ry Has a L i f e Cycle", Harvard Business Review, Mar-Apr 1983, pp. 121-29.

P r e s e n t s c a s e f o r r e c o g n i z i n g v a r y i n g c a p a b i l i t i e s of p l a n t s over t ime, and need t o p l a n f o r upda t ing o r o t h e r w i s e t a k i n g advantage of c a p a b i l i t i e s .

Sepehr i , Mehran, "Cost J u s t i f i c a t i o n Before Fac to ry Automation", P & IMReview and APICS News, A p r i l 1984, 3 pp.

B r i e f overview of c o s t s and s a v i n g s to' be cons idered . Advocates breakeven a n a l y s i s t o s t u d y r e l a t i v e economics a s f u n c t i o n of volumes.

Shewchuk, John, " J u s t i f y i n g F l e x i b l e Automation", American Machinist, October 1984, pp. 93-96.

Recognizes need f o r n o n - t r a d i t i o n a l j u s t i f i c a t i o n methods i n c l u d i n g r i s k s i m u l a t i o n . Recognizes s e v e r a l p i t f a l l s .

Shunk, Dan L., " I n t e g r a t e d Manufacturing-Factory Fac to rs" , Production Engineering, September 1984, pp. 50-53.

Advocates unders tand ing r a m i f i c a t i o n s of t h e Fac to ry of t h e F u t u r e and q u a n t i f y i n g paramete rs t o compete.

Smith, Robert D., "Measuring t h e i n t a n g i b l e B e n e f i t s of Computer-Based In format ion Systems", Jo-2 of Systems Managemint, September 1983, pp. 22-27.

Advocates use of v a l u e a n a l y s i s approach f o r d e t e r m i n i n g how e x t e n s i v e a computer-based i n f o r m a t i o n system is j u s t i f i e d . U s e s p r o b a b i l i t i e s and expected v a l u e s o f b e n e f i t s . Contains e x t e n s i v e c h e c k l i s t s of i n t a n g i b l e b e n e f i t s which l e a d t o improved b u s i n e s s performance.

S t a u f f e r , Robert N., (Ed.), "Equipment A c q u i s i t i o n f o r t h e Automated Factory" , Robotics Today, A p r i l 1983, pp. 37-40.

Good b r i e f s t a t e m e n t s re b e n e f i t s o f f l e x i b l e automat ion.

S t e e l e , Lowell. "Manager's Misconcept ions About Technology". Harvard Business Review, Nov-Dec 1983, pp. 133-140.

D e t a i l s seven common u n r e a l i s t i c assumptions abou t technology which make managing i n n o v a t i o n u n n e c e s s a r i l y d i f f i c u l t . M r . S t e e l e was i n c o r p o r a t e r e s e a r c h and development w i t h General E l e c t r i c Company f o r many y e a r s .

Stobaugh, Robert and P. T e l e s i o , "Match Manufactur ing P o l i c i e s and Produc t S t r a t e g y " , Harvard Business Review, Mar-April 1983, pp. 113-120.

P r e s e n t s s t r o n g c a s e f o r r e c o g n i z i n g importance of manufactur ing -- p a r t i c u l a r l y i n meshing p r o d u c t i o n competence w i t h b u s i n e s s s t r a t e g y .

Thompson, Jr., ( # A r t h u r A., " S t r a t e g i e s f o r S t a y i n g Cost Competit ive1' , Harvard Business Review, Jan-Feb 1984, pp. 110-117.

P r e s e n t s c a s e f o r s t r a t e g i c c o s t a n a l y s i s t o keep f i r m s o u t o f c o m p e t i t i v e p r i c i n g t r a p because of h igh v a r i a b l e / o p e r a t i n g c o s t s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of o b s o l e t e f a c i l i t i e s .

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

Volume 31 - Number 2 147

Van B l o i s , John P. , " S t r a t e g i c Robot J u s t i f i c a t i o n : A F resh Approach", Robotics Today, A p r i l 1983, pp. 44-48.

Good i n c a l l i n g f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n of s t r a t e g i c and t a c t i c a l a t t r i b u t e s 1 f a c t o r s i n j u s t i f i c a t i o n a n a l y s e s f o r r o b o t s .

Warnecke, H. J. and G. V e t t i n , "Technical Inves tment P lann ing of F l e x i b l e Manufactur ing Systems", Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 89-98.

E x c e l l e n t i d e a s r e s t r a t e g i c p l a n n i n g p rocedure , i n c l u d i n g computer programs f o r t h e s e l e c t i o n of machine t o o l s and s i m u l a t i o n of t h e manufac tu r ing p r o c e s s sequence. E x c e l l e n t v i s u a l s t o show assessment of a l t e r n a t i v e s .

Waterbury, Rober t , "The T o t a l Approach To Automated Assembly", Assembly htgineering. March 1984. pp. 46-49.

Emphasis on Genera l E l e c t r i c Co.'s e x t e n s i v e automat ion programs.

Wheelwright. S teven C., "Japan-Where O p e r a t i o n s Rea l ly a r e S t r a t e g i c " . Harvard Business Review, July-August 1981, pp. 67-74.

One of t h e e a r l y s u b s t a n t i a l a r t i c l e s on i h e d i s c i p l i n e and d e d i c a t i o n of J a p a n e s e manufac tu re r s which improves t h e v a l u e of s t r a t e g i c o p e r a t i n g p o l i c i e s .

Wheelwright, S teven C., " R e f l e c t i n g Corpora te S t r a t e g y i n Manufactur ing Dec i s ions" , Business Horizons, February 1978.

One of e a r l y s i g n i f i c a n t a r t i c l e s on t o p i c . Sugges t s ways t o mesh c o r p o r a t e and manufac tu r ing d e c i s i o n s .

4. A r t i c l e s - J u s t i f i c a t i o n of CIIIS: I n c l u d e Q u a n t i t a t i v e

Boczany, Will iam J., " J u s t i f y i n g O f f i c e Automation", Journal of Systems Management. J u l y 1983. pp. 15-19.

Advocates s i m p l i f i e d economic a n a l y s i s t echn ique .

Boothroyd, G . , "Economics of Assembly Systems". Journal o f Mfg. Systems, (SMEICASA), Vol. 1, No. 1. 1982, pp. 111-125.

Ra the r e x t e n s i v e d e r i v a t i o n of s i m p l e c o s t formulae and g r a p h i c a l compari- sons f o r manual v s . autom. assembly vs . programmable assembly. Desc r ibes d i f f e r e n t equipment types .

Boothroyd, G. , "Economics of General-Purpose Assembly Robots". Annals o f C.I.R.P., Vol. 33, No. 1. 1984, 8 pp.

Desc r ibes s t u d y of t h e compara t ive economics of v a r i o u s a u t o m a t i c assembly sys tems u s i n g genera l -purpose assembly r o b o t s . Good, c l e a r d e s c r i p t i o n s w i t h example q u a n t i f i c a t i o n and e x c e l l e n t graphs .

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

148 The Engineer ing Economist

Boucher, Thomas 0. and J. A. Muckstadt, "Cost E s t i m a t i n g Methods f o r E v a l u a t i n g t h e Conversion from a F u n c t i o n a l Manufactur ing Layout t o Group Technology", Working Paper 84-125, Department of I n d u s t r i a l Eng ineer ing , Rutgers U n i v e r s i t y , October 1984, 22 pp.

Develops u s e f u l formulas f o r e s t i m a t i n g r e d u c t i o n i n i n v e n t o r i e s and s a v i n g s i n some overhead c o s t s due t o automated sys tems w i t h f a s t e r l e a d t imes , s h o r t e r manufactur ing r u n s , e t c .

Conn, Henry P., " P r o d u c t i v i t y : How t o Def ine , Measure, and Improve It", Production, March 1984, pp. 50-63.

Not p a r t i c u l a r l y on CIM. Contains 8 e x t e n s i v e c h e c k l i s t s w i t h sys tem f o r numerical e v a l u a t i o n of p r o d u c t i v i t y . Two c h e c k l i s t s concern manufac tu r ing e n g i n e e r i n g and systems.

General Dynamics Corpora t ion , ICAM Robotics AppZication Guide, Technica l Report f o r A i r Force Wright A e r o n a u t i c a l L a b o r a t o r i e s , #TR-80-4042, Vol. 11, A p r i l 1980, 138 pp.

Contains l i s t i n g s of c o s t s and s a v i n g s and a recommended form f o r c a l c u l a t i n g p r e s e n t worths. Also c o n t a i n s 8 3 r e f e r e n c e s .

Grieve, R. J. , P. H. Lowe, and N. P. K e l l y , "Robots: The Economic J u s t i f i c a t i o n " , Proceedings o f Autofact Europe Conference, (Sponsored by SME), Geneva, Swi tze r land , September 1983, 12 pp.

Good overview, r e c o g n i t i o n of c o s t components a f f e c t e d , and s i m p l e examples.

G u l a t i , Vince, " P r e s e n t i n g P r o j e c t J u s t i f i c a t i o n i n a Language Top Management Understands", Proceedings o f FUZZ 1984 Conference, I n s t i t u t e of I n d u s t r i a l Engineers .

I l l u s t r a t e s use of f i n a n c i a l s t a t e m e n t s and key f i n a n c i a l ( r a t i o ) measures of performance a s means o f s e l l i n g major p r o j e c t p r o p o s a l s , r e g a r d l e s s of o t h e r a t t r i b u t e s cons idered .

,, Gustavson, Richard E., Engineer ing Economics Applied t o Inves tments i n Automation", Proceedings o f 2nd AssembZy Automation Conference, Brigh ton , U.K. , 1981.

Shows d e r i v a t i o n of formulas and numerous e x c e l l e n t g raphs f o r judg ing p r o j e c t d e s i r a b i l i t y f o r combinat ions of t h r e e d i f f e r e n t v a r i a b l e s . M r . Gustavson is w i t h Char les S t a r k Draper Laboratory .

Gustavson. Richard E., "Choosing Manufactur ing Systems Based on Uni t Cost", 13th ISIR/Robots 7 Conference, Chicago, A p r i l 17-21, 1983, (SME P a p e r MS 83-322).

Develops and shows c h a r a c t e r i s t i c u n i t c o s t vs . annual p r o d u c t i o n volume c u r v e s f o r manual vs . programmable automat ion vs. f i x e d automat ion.

Gustavson, Richard E., "Computer-Aided S y n t h e s i s of L e a s t Cost Assembly Systems", 14th InternationaZ Symposium on Industria2 Robots, Gothenburg, Sweden, October 1984, 1 2 pp.

Descr ibes a top-down approach usinp, c o s t and c a p a b i l i t y d a t a Eor s u i t a b l e technology a l t e r n a t i v e s t o de te rmine b e s t cho ices . Algor i thm c o n t a i n s t h e rudiments of dynamic programming. R e f l e c t s on-going r e s e a r c h r e s u l t s which a r e ve ry promising.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

Volume 3 1 - Number 2

101. Gustavson, Richard E., J. L. Nevins. D. E . Whitney, and J. M. Rourke, "Assembly System Design Methodology and Case Study", Robots 8 Conference, J u n e 1984, 29 pp.

D e s c r i b e s methodology f o r i n t e g r a t i n g assembly sys tem d e s i g n w i t h p roduc t d e s i g n . Shows a p p l i c a t i o n f o r an au tomobi le manual t r a n s m i s s i o n s h a f t assembly.

102. Hines , John R., " P r e d i c t i n g I C Costs", Semiconductor IntemationaZ, J u n e 1983. Shows s i m p l e e q u a t i o n f o r r e l a t i n g f a c t o r y y i e l d s and c o s t s t o I . C . c o s t .

103. Hutchinson, George K. , "Product ion Capac i ty : CAM vs. T r a n s f e r Line", Industrial hzgineering, September 1976.

Con ta ins models and g raphs f o r u s e o f comparing a l t e r n a t i v e s w i t h d i f f e r i n g f i x e d and v a r i a b l e c o s t s . P r o f . Hutchinson is i n School of Bus iness A d m i n i s t r a t i o n a t t h e U n i v e r s i t y of Glisconsin - Elilwaukee and h a s done sub- s t a n t i a l p u b l i s h i n g i n f l e x i b l e manufac tu r ing sys tems , i n c l u d i n g a 300+ i t em b i b l i o g r a p h y .

104. Hutchinson, G. K. and J. R. Hol land, "The Economic Value of F l e x i b l e Automation", JournaZ o f Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1982, pp. 215-227.

D e s c r i b e s dynamic computer s i m u l a t i o n s t u d i e s t o p l a c e a n economic v a l u e on f l e x i b i l i t y by comparing f l e x i b l e manufac tu r ing sys tems t o t r a n s f e r l i n e s c o n s i d e r i n g mu. l t ip le p r o d u c t s and market p l a c e ( u n c e r t a i n t i e s ) .

105. Meyer. Ronald J.. "A Cookbook Approach t o Robot ics and Automation J u s t i f i c a t i o n " , Proceedings o f Robots VI Conference, March 2-4, 1982, S o c i e t y of Manufactur ing Eng ineers , Dearborn, M I . 29 pp.

E x c e l l e n t set of e s t i m a t i n g g u i d e l i n e s f o r d i r e c t and i n d i r e c t s a v i n g s and sugges ted format f o r one-year j u s t i f i c a t i o n a n a l y s e s . My. Meyer is wi th Rockwell I n t e r n a t i o n a l .

106. M i l l e r , Richard K . . h he Bootom Line - J u s t i f y i n g a Robot I n s t a l l a t i o n " , Robotics World, A p r i l 1983.

Simple r e c o g n i t i o n s f main c o s t s involved and example c a l c u l a t i o n of y e a r l y cash f lows and payback.

107. Ogden, Harry. " J u s t i f y i n g Assembly Automation", Proceedings of 2nd I n t ' l Conf. on AssembZy Automation, Brigh ton , U.K. , May 19-21. 1981.

Overview w i t h examples of comonly-used cash flow methods f o r economic a n a l y s e s .

108. Robinson. Robbie, "CAD - The F i n a n c i a l Aspectst ' , Design Engineering, November 1982, p. 125+.

Conta ins s i m p l e example of q u a n t i f y i n g economics of computer-aided d r a f t i n g sys tems.

109. Seed, A l l e n H. , "Cost Accounting i n t h e Age o f Robotics", Munogement Accounting, October 1984, pp. 39-43.

Good on t o p i c . Con ta ins example o f d i f f e r e n c e s i n c o s t a l l o c a t i o n s f o r man-paced vs . machine-paced environment. Mr. Seed i s S e n i o r C o n s u l t a n t w i t h Ar thur D. L i t t l e , Inc .

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013

150 The E n g i n e e r i n g Economist

110. Sink, D. S c o t t and S. J. DeVries, "An In-Depth Study and Review of Sta te-of- the-Art and P r a c t i c e i n P r o d u c t i v i t y Pleasurement Techniques", Proceedings o f May 1984 Annual Conference, I n s t i t u t e of I n d u s t r i a l Eng ineers , pp. 333-344.

Not on CIM j u s t i f i c a t i o n , p e r s e , b u t i s v e r y good overview of mul t i - a t t r i b u t e / c r i t e r i a e v a l u a t i o n methodology u s i n g u t i l i t y of r a t i n g concep t s . Con ta ins handy g r a p h i c a l and t a b u l a r fo rmats and 2 1 r e f e r e n c e s

111. S u l l i v a n , Wil l iam C. , "Replacement Dec i s ions i n High Technology I n d u s t r i e s -- Where a r e Those Models When You Need Them?", Proceedings o f 1984 Annual Conference, I n s t i t u t e of Industrial Engineers, May 1984, pp. 119-128.

Very good overview w i t h sugges ted d e c i s i o n flow diagram and q u a n t i t a t i v e examples. D e t a i l s c o s t s and s a v i n g s t y p e s f o r i n d u s t r i a l r o b o t s - Conta ins 26 r e f e r e n c e s , most of which a r e inc luded h e r e i n .

1 1 2 . S u l l i v a n , Wil l iam C . , "Towards an Unders tanding of P r o j e c t J u s t i f i c a t i o n i n High Technology Ventures", AnnuaZ Conference o f - American Society for Engineering Education, S a l t Lake C i t y , June 27, 1984, 1 2 pp.

Good r e c o g n i t i o n of t h e i s s u e s . Sugges t s weighted e v a l u a t i o n model w i t h a t t r i b u t e s ve ry s p e c i f i c t o manufac tu r ing technology a l t e r n a t i v e s .

113. Van B l o i s , John P., "Economic Models: The F u t u r e o f Robot ic J u s t i f i c a t i o n " , Proceedings of the 13th Industria 2 Symposium on Industria1 Robots, Chicago, A p r i l 17-21. 1983.

Emphasizes s t a n d a r d eccnomic a n a l y s i s methodology.

Dow

nloa

ded

by [U

nivers

ity A

ut Ci

udad

Juare

z] at

02:43

02 A

pril 2

013