, ---------

~AC.IS$9NYJJ..l.e9QM~\JN.ITXQQUNCI.I.vINC.~A Report To The Citi~ens Of Jacksonvrlle

IMTEQ'PA'PpAS, C~Alij&1AJ~, ~

CAPITALIMPROVEM~NtS FOR RECREATION~ ,'-' , , . "

JANU~RY, 198()

I

SCOPE OF THE STUDYThe JacksonvHle Cor.munity Council, Inc. (JCC!) Board of Managers authorized "Capital Improvements Programfor Recreation" as one of the three studies to be undertaken by the Council during the 1977-1978 year. Theinitial charge of the Recreation Study Committee was to determine the public acceptance of an upcomingrecreation bond issue based on the 1980 Recreation Master Plan. After an orientation by resourcepersons and an analysis of surveys made by other yroups and from ,"ithin the cOli1ilittee itself it was obviousthat a referendum for a recreation bond issue was unlikely to succeed. At that point the committee hadcompleted its original charge.

The committee believed however that the goals which the 1980 Plan and the bond issue were trying to accomplishwere worth\'/hile but that the Plan was unrealistic and unaffordab1e. The committee commencedon a new directioftseeking to effect the development of ' a new plan for better recreation and leisure services for the ci~ ofJacksonville. This plan would be based on the following assumptions:

(l) Recreation and leisure time are vital to the health and quality of life of Jacksonvf11ecitizens.

(2) Recreation and leisure services are as integral a part of city services as transportationsystems, medical care facilities, education and housing, and an important part of Jackson.vi1le's economic and/or tourist development.

(3) Jadsonville's major assets of climate and geographic location on the St. John's River and theAtlantic Ocean make it unusually well suited for year-round outdoor recreation and leisure.

DEFINITIONOF RECREATION

Though recreation can be broadly defined as "time spent in relaxation and enjoyment, II the JCCr studyfocuses largely on time spent in out-of-door activities and environment. This includes parks, greenspace (beautification), individual and group sports and activities, and the access and use of the natur~lresources unique to Jacksonville. This study does not include recreation activities which are perfonnedfor the most part indoors or are supported by private funds such as watching television, reading, goingto movies, attending cultural activities, museums, etc.

HIGHLIGHTSMAJOR PROBLEMS: RECOMMENDED SOLUTIONS:

Recreation facilities in Jacksonville aredeficient in quality and quantity.

Jacksonville's extensive land area, lowtax base, low density and dispersedpopulation contribute to the problem ofproviding recreation and leisure servicesto the community.

A Recreational Design Consultant should be re-tained by the city to create a master planthat is innovative, realistic and affordableand includes suggested funding mechanisms.

Jacksonville's distinctive natural resources.the beaches, the St. John's River andtributaries, should be more fullyutilizedin futu~e recreational development.

The proposed 1978 bond issue for $70million was deemed unacceptable becauseit sought to implement the 1980 RecreationMaster Plan; resource persons generallyagreed that the bond issue would not beapproved by the voters and there was noassurance of , sufficient funding in futureyears for maintenance.

As capital in~rovements are funded, addition-al tax revenues must be allocated to mainte-nance.

The City of Jacksonville should assign ahigher. priorityto financing, developing,promoting and maintaining recreation andleisure services, activities and facilities.

The potential of Jacksonville's naturalresources tor recreation has not beenfully developed.

The,Mayo.'should create a Recreation andleisure Services Convnission to bring abouta better quality of life in Jacksonvillethrough leisure services.

1. Recreation in Jacksonville

A. Current Status

Jacksonville's large land area of 766square miles and low tax base make itdifficult for the City to supply andmaintain adequate recreational facili-ties to' all its citizens. In fact. t~epercentage of city funding for recreationfinanced by ad valorem taxes had decreas-ed in recent years from 3.9% in 1971 to3.0% in 1977. There has been a gradualincrease in expenditures since 1977.See Table I.

TABLEI

Source: City of Jacksonville BudgetOffice Summaries

According to national standards. Jackson-ville has about 30%of the park area ofmany cities of comparable population size.Jacksonville spends approximately $6.00per person on recreation, whereas aDepartment of Housing and Urban Develop-ment-funded study, Open Space and Recre-ation Opportunity in America's InnerCities (Dunn. 1974), estimated that inorder to provide adequate programs andmaintenance, per capita operating expendi-tures in 1970 dollars shOuld be at least$20per person ($30 in 1977 dollars).

Most of the Department of Recreation andPublic Affairs' budget is allocated foroperations with a small amount allocatedto capital improvements such as replacinglawn mowersand machinery. For example.of the $2.8 million spent in 1971-1972.$30,000 was allocated to capital improve-ments. For 1979 the department's operat-ing budget is $4.643.701. Of that amount.$52,000 was spent on replacing maintenanceequi pment.

Jacksonville has had a substantial in-crease in funding for recreational capi-tal improvements through the Housingand Urban Development CommunityDevelop-ment (CD)Block Grants. HUDCDmoneyis desioned to revitalize substandardhousingJand neighborhoods. The Community

FIN DINGS

.2.

DevelopmentAdvisory Committee has re-peatedly allocated a substantial portionof the HUDCDmoneyto fund capital im-provements for recreation. See Table II.

TABLEII

YEAR% OF CDALLOCATIONTO RECREATION

10%15%22%28%25%

19751976197719781979

SOURCE:Jacksonville HUD.

In 1979 Jacksonville's $10,489,000 CDbudgetincluded a recommended$2.6 million or 25%for recreation. The federal government urgedthe advisory committee to reconsider thisallocation and limit recreation to 10%ofthe budget since Jackson~ille has graveneeds in housing.

In the past. these CDfunds for recreationhave been spent on amongother things.swimmingpools, ball fields. lighting.park acquisition, parking and restroomfacilities.

Since the majority of capital improve-ments for recreation in Jacksonville hasbeen directed to low incomeHUDtargetneighborhoods, there is some resentmentin other parts of the city that poor neigh-borhoods get all the recreation improve-ments while higher income areas get noimprovements.

In fact, though the capital improvementsare funded through ~D, the additionalmaintenance must be absorbed by the alreadylimited operations budget.

B. Maintenance

Jacksonville's parks are poorly maintained.In order to sufficiently maintain existingparks the Recreation Department's maintenancestaff would have to be double or tripleits present size, according to resourcepersons, including the previous departmenthead, Gordon Sprague. In addition, GeneMcLeod,City Finance Director, stated thatthe Recreation Department was initiallyrated amongthe lowest productivity levelsin city government using the resourcemanagementcriteria. but that productivityhas increased in recent years.

According to KenO'Neill, Division Chief ofParks and Recreation, a substantial amount (35%)of Department of Recreation's budget is devoted

YEAR AMOUNTOF %OF TOTALREC.BUDGET CITY BUDGET

1971-72 $2.8 mill ion 3.9%1972-73 $2.9 million 3.6%1973-74 $3.0 million 3.0%1974-75 $3.4 million 3.0%1975-76 $3.8 milli on 3.0%1976-77 $3.8 million 3.0%1977-78 $4. 1 mill ion 3.2%1978-79 $4. 6 mi111on 3.4%

to repairing and replacing vandalized facilities.Twelve and one-half percent of the annualbudget is allocated to mowinggrass aroundparks and streets.

C. Recreation as a Priority

The city budget reflects its priorities forservices. The recreation portion of theJacksonville budget has decreased in recentyears. In 1978 there were no plans forincreasing the amount of funding to recre-ation. However, MayorGodbold has increasedthe recreation budget by $500,000 per yearwhich is an increase of two-tenths of onepercent of the entire city's budget.

JCCI resource persons stated that essen-tial services such as fire protection.police, water, sewer, hospitals. drain-age and health were of higher prioritythan recreation. They advised thecommittee that the recreation needsshould be considered in the context of allJacksonville's needs. Someresourcepersons felt, however, that the generalpublic was very supportive of recreation-al improvements. Hard data on the publicneed for recreation were not available fromthe city councilor recreation department.ManyCity Councilmen said that they wereoften called about recreation but not fornew facilities, rather for help in obtain-ing the necessary maintenance for exist-ing facilities. Neither the City Councilnor the Recreation Department keep recordsof citizen requests.

In attempting to locate the demandforincreased recreation, it was found thatthere were special interest groups who,for example, wanted more ball fields,tennis courts or equestrian trails, butthere was no group or network of groupswhowere advocates for recreation andleisure services generally.

Recreation as a citizen priority varieswith the different districts or regionswithin the county. In Arlington, forexample, increased recreation is apriority: it was an election issue in1979. Arlington citizens are lookinginto the possibility of having a separatetaxing district just for recreation.Resource people to the recreationcommittee felt that separate taxingdistricts were not appropriate in lightof consolidation because they conflictwith the concept of a consolidated city.

Someprivate citizens resent the fact thatthey have maintained public facilitiesthemselves to make them usable. Thesecitizens are not in favor of increasingrecreational facilities until currentfacilities are adequately maintained.

.3~'

D. Increased Funding for Recreation

In 1977 and 1978 resource persons from thecity administration and the City Councilstated that there was not support for abond issue from the community. After study-ing the details and the expense of the plan.the JCCI committee members could not them-selves support a bond issue for 1978.

The implementation of the 1980 RecreationMaster Plan (1980 Plan hereafter) wasestlmated at a cost of $72.8 million (in1973 dollars). Maintenance for these newfacilities is generally figured at 10%ofthe capital outlay per year for an esti~mated increase in recreation funding of$7 million for maintenance alone. In 1977one additional mill of ad valorem taxeswould have provided $5.5 million in revenues.

Therefore, it would take approximately1.3 mills to provide the maintenance alonefor new facilities funded by the bond issue.Since bond moneyis for capital improvementsand cannot be used for mair.tenance, the city'sad valorem taxes would have to be eitherreallocated or increased to provide main-tenance. Noneof the city officials whoserved as resource persons would offersupport for committing the necessarymaintenance moneyfor a capital improvementsbond issue slated for November1978.

In order to finance a bond issue of $75million for capital improvements, advalorem taxes would have to be increas-ed by almost one mill to produce thenecessary payback income. A total ofapproximately 2.3 mills then would beneeded to repay the bonds and to main-tain the facilities prescribed in the1980 Plan.

The proposed amount of the bond issuefl uctuated between 50 and 100 mi11iondollars. Though there was never a firmamount given, it was the philosophy ofthe pr~vious head of the RecreationDepartment that a large bond issue wasas easy to pass as a small one.

An alternative to the bond issue was sug-gested by resource persons who did notsupport a bond issue -- a millage in-crease which would provide for bothcapital improvements and maintenance atthe same time.

City Councilmen and admini strati oni n1978 felt that a total millage increaseof one-half to one mill devoted torecreation would be acceptable to thepeople. It was stated that any increasein ad valorem taxes should take placein 1979 after local city council elect-ions were held.

BOND ISSUE FACT SHEETU'""l

~1~

1 mil. = 5.5 million dollars for 1977 in JacksonvilleJacksonville Bond rating as of 1973(last general obligation bond)MoodyA-l Standard & Poorls AACurrent (11-7-77) interest rate for these r~tings =5.5% (low percent)

To calculate the payback per year on a bond issue for 30 years, multiply totalbond amount times .06881 = $2,064,000 annual required payback. Translated into1977 Jacksonville millage = .375 mils.

NOTE: Assessments do notallow for the $5,000 homestead exemption.

SOURCE: City of Jacksonville Budget Office

A designated millage for recreation canbe established in two ways: (1) theState Legislature can legislate themillage, and (2) the City Council canpass an ordinance every year for themi11age. There are advantages anddisadvantages to both methods. If theState Legislature designates the millage,the millage cannot be easily changed.If the City Council legislates the de-signated millage, it might be discont-inued, raised or lowered the next year.There is a trade-off between havingflexible tax money (City Council) andhaving a guaranteed budget for recre-ational improvement (State Legislature).

increase would not have any impact onthe City at all. Others disagreed, say-ing that 5 million dollars worth of cap-ital improvements would be the maximumthe City could build in one year anyway.

Other ResourcesE.

There was disagreement amongresourcepersons concerning the impact that amillage increase of one-half to one millfor recreation would have on the commu-nity. Somefelt that a small millage

Possibilities of federal funding for rec-reation were explored. Grants for bike-ways in urbanized areas were providedthrough the Federal Aid HighwayAct of1975. The Land and Water ConservationAct of 1965provides assistance to stat~sand thei r politi ca1 s ubdivi sions for prep-aration of comprehensive statewide actsor recreational plans and for acquisitionand development of recreation areas andfacilities. A 50Xmatch is required.Three national foundations were also list-ed as possible supporters of recreation.

-4-

Bond(in millions) $30 $45 $50 $75

Payback requiredper year for 30 $2,064,000 $3,096,243 $3,440,270 $5,160,404years.

Millage required .375 mils. .563 mils. .626 mils . .938 mils.

Taxes on $25,000 home $ 9.38 $14.75 $15.65 $23.48

Taxes on $30,000 home $11. 25 $16.89 $18.78 $28.17

Taxes on $45,000 home $16.88 $25.32 $28.17 $42.26

Taxes on $50,000 home $18.75 $28.15 $31.30 $46.95

Taxes on $75,000 home $28.13 $42.23 $46.95 $70.43

The Urban Park and Recreation Recovery

Act of 1978 will fund 70-85% of the cost

of rehabilitating urban parks in selected

cities, and the city or the state willfund the remaining. Jacksonville qualj-

fies for this program.

Another alternative for funding is the

tourist development tax, or bed tax for

short. Supervised by the Tourist Develop-ment Commission appointed by the Mayor,this 2% tax on motel and hotel accommo-

dations produces revenues to be used tobuild or maintain tourist-related facili-

ties, to advertise and to pay debt ser-vice on tourist-related capital improve-

ments. Each percent of tax will generateover $400,000 in Jacksonville per year.Some of tourist-related capital improve-ments could be recreational.

There are other public facilities, such

as public schools, that can be used forrecreation. Many City Councilmen and

city administrators felt that good rela-tionships and coordination with the Duval

County schools could relieve some of the

pressures on recreational facilities. Itwas also stated that taxpayers would

appreciate using their tax-supportedschools as recreational facilities. The

Community Schools Consortium provided a

good mechanism for joint recreationalschool facility use. Despite the ending

of the consortium, some school facilitiescould still be used to expand recreation.

According to other resource persons, therelationship between the schools and thecity could be improved. The 1980 Plan

reported that 56 of the 134 public schoolswere currently being utilized for recre-ational purposes and 26 more sites couldbe added.

F. Recreation Highlights of Other Communities

The Recreation Committee gathered data

from cities with outstanding recreation-al leisure services and recreational areaswhich served as distinctive landmarks for

the cities. Some of the interestingapproaches to recreation include:

. Seattle's urban park situated between

expressways was a unique innovative

approach to utilizing available,obtainable, affordable space to servethe leisure needs of its citizens.

. The very small San Antonio River was

developed as a lovely recreational

and shop area in that city, appealingto citizens and tourists alike.

. Memphis has embarked upon a project

to develop an island in the Mississippi

River to serve as a central locationfor a theme Park.

Jersey City took an unused railroad

yard and created a waterfront parkwith a view of the Hudson River and

Statue of Liberty.

San Diego has developed its potential

recreational facility in innovative

ways including empty parking lots asrace courses for wheelchair races.

In addition, they have pioneered andperfected recreation in their 27 milesof bayfront. In addition to the

regular leisure activities, they havean 18 hole frisbee golf course and anunderwater park.

II. SURVEYS

;5.

A. League of Women Voters Survey onRecreation - 1977

JCCI studied the League of Women Voters

survey and the consensus of League ofWomen Voter members. The survey andconsensus agreed that .a1though manypeople would like to have more recre-

ational facilities, they would not bewilling to pay very much more in taxes

for these facilities. In fact, only35.8 percent said they would support.any tax increase. The majority of those

supporting an increase indicated theywould be willing to pay from $1.00 to$25.00 more in annual taxes. There was

a more positive response in favor of asystem of user fees than for a tax in-

crease. Over two-thirds of the peopleindicated that they would be willingto pay a fee to use recreational facili-ties.

The League members interviewed 271 peopledoor to door who were selected as arepresentative sample by council districts.Most of those interviewed owned their own

hOmes (62.46). Most (79.5%) had smallfamil i es.

Most people interviewed (64.3 percent)were not aware of existing physicalfacilities and activities. Ofthoseinterviewed who were aware of facilities,less than 20 percent had usedany ofthem. Lack of interest was the most

commonresponse as to why activitiQswere not used. Of those responding whowere not familiar with facilities, mostwere not interested in participating inthe activity anyway. Even a larger per-centage (66.7 percent) were not aware ofexisting art activities, and of thoseresponding whowere not aware of facili-ties. less than 6%expressed an interest

in participation. An average of 62.5percent of the people interviewed werenot aware of existing cultural programssuch as libraries. lecture discussiongroups, art shows. plays and concerts.The 1i brary was the best knownwith67.2 percent of the people interviewedbeing aware of it. Of those who wereaware of the cultural programs. approx-imately half used them.

The League of WomenVoters consensus ofits ownmembersreflected many of thesame attitudes of those persons surveyed.They felt that recreation should be ahigher priority for funding; however,they did not find clear support for amillage increase or for a bond issue forthe generation of newmonies for recre-ation. They did lean toward support ofa millage increase with these additionalrecommendations:

1. "A thorouQh and more creative lookat a reallocation of current avail-able funds within the city's budget.

2. A conscientious effort to involvethe individual neighborhoods inhelping to maintain and to providesecurity for the parks jn theirareas."

If new monies are forthcoming the Leaguerecommendsthat they be tied to specificplans and for better maintenance.

They also support City Council policy re-quiring developers to.set aside a certainpercentage of their development to be usedas park 1and.

11 new land is acquired the League supportsboth active use and passive space alongwith an increase in bike paths, wa1king/jogging trails and a city golf course.usi ng exi sti ng resources wheneverpossib1e.

B. The Florida Times-Union Survey

In March 1978, the Florida Times-Unionconducted a telephone poll of 533 personsto discover howthey felt about the state-ment: "Recreation facil ities and activitiesare adequate for mYneeds and those of mYfami 1y." A tota 1 of 65 percent sai d theyfelt that the facilities were adequatewith 36 percent saying they "agreed strong-ly" and 39 percent saying they "agreedsomewhat." Thirty percent disagreed withthe statement and five percent had noopinion. Whites were more likely to agreewith the statement (48.1 percent agreed).Amongblacks only 37.1 percent agreed.

"The most popular leisure activity namedby those polled was reading with 11.1percent saying that was their favorite."

Other popular activities were fishing(10.9%); television (7.3%); physicalexercise (6.4%); bowling (5.6%); arts andcrafts (5.3%); sewing (4.9%); gardening(4.5%); tennis and water sports (4.1% each);~olf (3.9%); movies (2.4%); games and music(2.3% each); dancing (1.9%); and travel(0.8%).

III. PLANS:

A. The 1980 RecreatiOn r~aster Plan

According to Jacksonville Area PlanningBoard planner, Bob Riley, there has beena need for a recreation plan in Jackson-ville since 1960. In 1973 work began ona short range development plan. Later,the 1980 Recreation Master Plan was begun.In order to design the 1980 plan, it wasnecessary to use some criteria, classifi-cations and standards. Fifteen sets ofcriteria. classifications and standardsfrom around the state and the nationwere examined and adapted into thecriteria designed into the Jacksonville1980 Recreation Master Plan. Thesecriteria developed in Jacksonville arenowbeing used by the state of Florida.The plan was designed to be specific andreadable for the general public. It wasbased on specific neighborhood character-istics. neighborhood needs, age groupsand population density. The plan wasbroken into Classifications:

. NeiQhborhoodParks - serve up to 5,000people within ~ mile radius from 3 to20 acres based on 2.5 acre per 1,000population.

. CommunityParks - serve 4 to 6 neigh-borhoods with a maximumpopulation of25,000 within a service radius of threemiles from 15 to 100 acres with 2.5acres per 1,000 population.

. Metropolitan Parks - serve 50,000 peoplewithin 30 minutes drive. Five acresper 1,000 population.

The Recreation Master Plan was prepared bythe Jacksonville Area Planning Board withassistance provided by the RecreationDepartment of the City of Jacksonville.Assistance was also provided by theRecreation Technical CoordinatingCommittee. Jacksonville's CommissiononAging, the CommunitySchool Program,Duval County School Board, and the six

...

Subarea Citizens Advisory Committees.This plan was coordinated with theShort Range Development Plan.

The 1930 Recreation Master Plan maderecommendations for developing publicopen space and recreational facilities,protecting environmentally significantareas, and improving the aesthetic qual-ities of all existing public open spaces.Specific program proposals were developedusing standards adapted in part from manymunicipal, state and federal standards.Private recreational facilities were con-sidered in developing the public facilityproposals. Areas with a concentration ofprivate clubs and private or quasi-privaterecreational facilities received fewerpublic recreational facility proposalsunless these areas were deficient inparticular facilities. However, privatefacilities provided recreation to only twopercent of Jacksonville's population.

Specific program proposals were made basedupon intensive consideration of the follow-ing as stated in the plan itself:

."the projected population increase inJacksonville from 542,000 in 1974 to625,000 in 1980 and an increase in DuvalCounty from 570,400. in 1974 to 660,000in 1980 -

. The existing public park facility inven-tory prepared by the Department of Recre-ation and Public Affairs-

. the on-site evaluation of the JacksonvilleArea Planning Board staff of the existingpublic recreational and open space facili-ties -

. the inventoryand analysis of existingprivate recreational facilities -

. the input by the planning Subarea'sCitizens Advisory COIlIDittees-

. information from the 1980 Short RangeDeve 1opment Pl an -

. the socio-economic factors by censustract throughout Jacksonville -

. and the analysis of the plan's standardsin relation to the aforementionedfactors."

Total costs related to the program proposalsfor the whole city are $72,842,580.

This plan made specific recommendations forfacilities in each of the six geographic

regions (subareas) of the city, and pro-posed developing an additional 8,288 acresfor parks, almost tripling Jacksonville'spark areas. The 1980 Plan would increasethe 241 existing parks in 1974 to 353 by1980 and more than double the amount ofacreage devoted to parks.

The 1980 Plan made specific recommendationsfor improving existing and proposed parksites, both passive and active.

It recommendsthe following additionalfacility improvements:

Baseball fields ................Softball Little League fields ..Tennis Courts ..................Basketball Courts ..............25 YardPools ..................50 Meter Pools .................Shuffleboard Courts ............Handball Courts ................Play Equipment Areas ...........Boa tRamps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Golf Courses ...................Community Buildings ............Football-Soccer Playing Fields.Picnic Areas ...................Campsites ......................

2615133220634218482

10773

2065

754 acres100 acres

Based on figures from the 1980 Plan only$55 million dollars (1974 dollars) wouldn~ed to be funded by a bond issue. Theadditional $17million should be providedthrough other means. However, maintenanceand park personnel would require financingby ad valorem taxes.

The Plan recommendedthat the recreationbudget be increased to 12.5 million dollarsannually by 1980 to cover maintenance andoperations.

.7.

Park Acreage

1974 ............. 2,176Proposed. .. . . .... 2,899

Total............ 5,075

Additional Parks 1974 ProposedTotal

Mini-Parks 40 75 115NeighborhoodParks 122 29 151ConmunityParks 75 - 75Metropolitan Parks 4 8 12------------------ ----. ------- -----TOTAl 353

Application of Priority Rating System

The five factors used to determine thepriority of a recreational improvementwere vulnerability, availability, usergroup, demandand need. Ratings weregiven on a three point scale with High (1).Medium(2), or Low(3).

The 20.7 linear miles of beaches alongthe Atlantic Ocean and more than 125linear miles of the St. John's River andits navigable tributaries were not cal-culated in the standard for determiningrecreational improvements prescribed inthe 1980 Plan.

The Plan called for a fairly even distri-bution of facilities scattered throughoutthe county. For example, of the 55 suggest-ed swimmingpools in the Plan, four poolsare to be located in Subarea six - thedowntownarea, eleven pools would be locat-ed in subarea two which stretches fromArlington to the Beaches.

The resource persons were ambivalent at bestin their support of the 1980 RecreationMaster Plan. Most thought that the planwas too expensive. Manydisputed the plan'svalidity since it did not take into accountaccess to the natural water resources ofthe river and the ocean. Thoughthe planwas a good inventory, most resource personsdid not think it was the answer to Jackson-ville's recreational problems.

B. The St. John's River Study

The committee examined the St. John's RiverEnvironmenta1 and Urban Des.ign Study prepar-ed by the Jacksonville Area Planning Boardin 1977. The study's abstract is an over-view of the content:

"The St. Johns River flows for approx-imately 39 miles through Duval Countyto the Ocean. Shoreline uses rangefrom residential, industrial, military.port, central business district, openspaces, to saltwater marshes.

"The entire shoreline was divided into21 study areas. Each of these areaswas mappedwith specific deve10pmentproposals. Functional programs toimprove the river and shoreline wereformulated. The programs developedaddressed housing, recreation, en-vironmental inprovement, industry.historical preservation, commercialareas, and transportation.

"Several strategies were developed toensure proper shoreline developmentand implementation of the plans.Strategies include development of a

.8.

Coordinating Committee, enactmentof Codes and Ordinances,.adoptionof river-related policies, andimplementation of design guidelines.Numerousstudies were also recommend-ed."

The river study suggested recreationalimprovements in each of the 21 areas.Though the improvements are rather de-tailed, there is no cost estimate forthese improvements.

Several of the proposed policies of theriver study had an impact on the RecreationStudy Committee and bear repeating:

"I. Improve the environmental qualitiesof the river and its tributaries

I I. Improvethe qua1ity of developmentalong the ri ver

III. Preserve and enhance the scenicbeauty of the river

IV. Intensify recreational uses of theshore line

V. Increase awareness of the historicalimportance of the river and preserveits past

VI. Assure that development and activi-ties are economically efficient andma~e best use of limited resources

VII. Provide greater public access to theriver

VIII. Increase regional awareness of theri ver and its resources."

The River study suggested several strate-gies for implementing the recommendations:

1) A department under the f1ayor whichwould review all proposed develop-ments along the river.

2) River DevelopmentAuthority similarto the DowntownDevelopmentAuthor-ity. It would be empoweredtoacquire, develop, lease and sellland.

3) River Park Commissionwhich wouldac.quire selected properties, thenmanage and lease recreational areasand facilities along the river.

4) A separate division of the Recre-ation Department.

5) A regional coordinating' committeewhich would coordinate local, region-al, state and federal actions con-cerning the river.

C. 2005 Comprehensive Plan

Each city in Florida is required to have acomprehensive plan. Jacksonville's 2005comprehensive plan is being developed by

the Jacksonville Area Planning Board. Oneof its elements, the recreation element,was studied by the JCCI Recreation Commrtt-tee.

The 2005 Recre~tion Element followed veryclosely the content of the 1980 RecreationPlan. However, it accentuated the develop-ment of stream valley parks, that could bedeveloped in the flood plain areas. Themajor contributions of the recreation elementwere in the areas of goals, objectives andpriorities for recreation in the future.

D. ArmyCorps of Engineers Studies

The ArmyCorps of Engineers is responsible forthe dredging operations of the St. John's andfor the man-madeis 1ands in the ri ver such asQuarantine Island, Reed Island and others. Theislands in the river could meet Jacksonville'sneed for more access to the water and couldprovide recreation space- in populated areas ofJacksonville. This approach is in contrast tomany of the 1980 Recreation Master Plan recom-mendations which call for development of recre-ation land manymiles from the populationcenter of Jacksonville.

The Recreation Committee asked LieutenantColonel Robert J. Waterston. Deputy District

Engineer. Jacksonville District, about thestatus of the islands in the St. John'sRiver. He reported that Quarantine Islandis currently being used as a fill area andwill be used through. the year 2000. It willnot be suitable for a considerable number ofyears as a recreational site. By 1982there will be about 76 acres available onReed Island which could be developed as arecreational area and about 105 acres onthe eastern end of Quarantine Island byfiscal year 1990. Exchange Island under-neath the Matthews Bridge was a recreationalfacility previously. but was vandalizedbecause there was not supervision. Methodscould be used to make Exchange Island moreaccessible. One of the methods that wassuggested by the ArmyCorps of Engineerswas a trail ferry. Causeways or walkwayshave been suggested as well. The ArmyCorps of Engineers' Chief of RecreationalDevelopmentSection. has developed recre-ational -plans for these island which areavailable through the ArmyCorps of Engineers.

The committee asked Lt. Col. Waterstonabout the possibilities of other man-madeislands in the river perhaps placed onpilings. Lt. Col. ~aterston said it wouldbe technically. feasible but in his opinionthere would probably be some problem withthe islands because of environmental con-cerns.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Recreation facilities in Jacksonville aredeficient in quality and quantity.

Recreation funded by local tax revenueshas not been considered essential and isof low priority.

2.

3. Jacksonville's extensive land area, lowtax base, low density and dispersedpopulation contribute to the problem ofproviding recreation and leisure servicesto the community.

There is a public mood resisting increasedtaxation.

4.

5. The 1980 Recreation Master Plan was overlyambitious, unimaginative, unrealisticand unaffordable.

6. The proposed 1978 bond issue for $70million was deemed unacceptable becauseit sought to implement the 1980 RecreationMaster Plan; resource persons generally

agreed that the bond issue would not beapproved by the voters and there was noassurance of sufficient funding in futureyears for maintenance.

~. The potential of Jacksonville's naturalresources for recreation, the St. John'sRiver, its tributaries ann the AtlanticOcean, has not been fully developed.

8. A comprehensive leisure service planmaking creative use of existing natural-assets and exhausting all possible fundingsources is needed.

9. Jacksonville needs an organized and fund-ed advocate for public leisure services.

10. Maintenance for existing facilities isi nsuffi ci ent.

11. The system of funding operations andcapital improvements for recreation isinadequate.

.g.

RECOMMENDATIONS

The JCCI Recreation Committee recommends:

*1. That the 1980 Recreation Master Plan no~be used as the basis for a bond issue. The1980 Plan is too expensive and based onnational recreational standards rather thanthe actual need. funding capabilities, andutilization of Jacksonville's naturalresources.

*2. That the 1978 bond issue be deferred untilan effective and potentially acceptableplan can be developed.

*3. That a Recreational Design Consultant beretained by the city to create a masterplan that is innovative. realistic.andaffordable and contains suggested fundingmechanisms.

4. That the Recreation Department's budget shouldbe increased by City Council to provideadequate maintenance and better utilizationof existing facilities.

5. That as capital improvements are funded bythe City Council. addi ti"onal tax revenuesmust be allocated to maintenance.

6. That City Council and the Mayor shouldinclude user fees as additional taxrevenues into the Recreation budgetrather than the general fund.

**1. That the Mayor create a Recreation andleisure Services Conmission to bring abouta better quality of life in Jacksonvillethrough leisure services.

8. That the Mayor and City CouncH encouragecitizen participation in:

. advocacyfor recreation and leisureservices improvements

. maintenance.

. vandalism prevention

. private donations of usable land andfacilities, like the Parks for Peop1eProgram.

* Recommendations1, 2, 3, were implementedduri"9 the study.

Through cooperation with the Mayor's Officeand City HUD, the committeewas instrumenta1in convincing the city leadership toallocate moneyfromCommunityDevelopmentfunds for a nC\i plan. The City CouncHpassed an ordinance transferring the COfunds to the Department 0f Recreationand specifically included JeC! as a parti-cipant in the development of the plan.Th~ next step in the process was to composethe scope of services (project description)necessary to engage a consultant. TheO)::1mittee developed parameters to be employ-ed by the consultant in conformance with thecity purchasing office requirements and theDepartment of Recrc.1tion.

As a result of the involvement of the JCtIRecreation Study COlilnittee. Mayor Tanzlerformed a Task Force on leisure services to

help select and work with the consultant.Mayor GOdboldhas continued the Task Force.The Task Force is comprisedof representa-tives from the Department of Recreation;the Department of Housing and Urban Devel-opment. the City Council, the. JacksonvilleArea Planning Board. the Beaches, and theJacksonville CommunityCouncil. Inc. Inaddition to the two JCCI r~presentativeson the Task Force, the entire JeCI Recre-ation Conlnittee wi11 provide a valuableresource for the consultant.

** This recreation report predates MayorGodbold's proposal for a spQrts commission.The recreation committee sees the Recreationand Leisure Services Commissionwith abroader purpose than spectator sports. TheRecreationand Leisure Services Commissionwill serve as an advocate for improving thequality of life through participatory leisureactivities. sports and facilities. Sincetheir emphases will be different, the conillis-sions should be separate.

-10-

RECOMMENTATIONS (Cont'd.)

9. That the Jacksonville Area Planning Boardandthe Recreation Design Consultant retained bythe City should incorporate the following goalsinto their future planning for recreation and1eisure services.

GOAlS

To enrich the humanexperience in Jacksonvilleparticularly in the areas of leisure servicesand aesthetic enjoyment.

The Ci~ of Jacksonville, through a LeisureServices Commissionshould finance, develop.promote and maintain recreation.

Finance

To develop affordable leisure facilities forthe public including utilizing private, state,federal and local financing as well as systemof user fees.

To design leisure activities and facilitiesin areas and in a manner that will encourageprivate investment and economic development.

Promote

To promote Jacksonville's natural resourcesfor leisure use, emphasizing the use of theriver and the beaches and the islands.

To promote civic pride in Jacksonville'sunique and rich water resources.

To promote, expand and coordinate the useof existing school facilities, buildingsand open space for public use in recreationand leisure.

To promote the beautification of Jacksonvilleby developing a campus effect through the useof trees and green plants.

l

To acquire an inventory of open space in thecity for use in planning leisure services.

To expand the cultural opportunities of thecitizens of Jacksonville by promoting thearts, music, theatre and special culturalevents such ~s rotating exhibits.

Develop

To develop leisure facilities and open space foractive and passive recreation that are groupedand located equitably for maximumaccess.

To plan activities that have the most impact,visibility and potential use for citizens.

To improve communications to all segments ofthe population, encouraging the use of facili-ties and space by passive as well as activeparti ci pants.

To utilize more fully public buildings, churches,old railroad right-of-ways and buffer areas asrecreational sites.

To develop along with the professional recre-ational consultant an affordable, innovativerecreational plan.

Maintain

To design new facilities for ease of maintenanceand promotemaintenanceas an integral partofany capital improvements and promote neighborhoodcare of leisure facilities and grounds to easethe maintenance problems, encourage neighborhoodinvolvement and pride and to discourage vandalism.

To coordinate the use and upkeep of leisurefacilities and areas with other city departments,especially the police department for preventionof vandalism.

To promote civic pride in recreational resourceso that the facilities will be adequately main-tained.

.11.

RESOURCE PERSONS

Thecommitteedeveloped findings based on testimony gathered from resource people during theirmeeti~gs. Manyinterviews with public officials were held in addition to full committee meet-ings to clarify the JCCI role and interest in recreation and to follow-up on the discussions anddirections of the full committee.

Julian Barrs1977-1978 - Division Chief of Parks and Recreation,Cityof Jacksonville1978 to present - Head of Department of Recreationand Public Affairs

Richard l. BowersExecutive Director - 1978, Jacksonville CommunityCouncil, Inc.

tbn BrewerCity Councilman,District 2 -1978

Joe CarlucciChalnnan - 1978, City Council Finance Comnittee,City of Jacksonvi 11e

Ivan ClareDirector of Information Services. - 1979, City ofJac ksonvi 11e

Yank CobleEndocrinologist

J)hn LauwaertChief of Recreational Development Section,Environmental and Resources Branch, AnrrICOrps of Engineers

fene McLeodCity Finance Director, City of Jacksonvi1le

William MerwinAssistant General Counsel, City of Jackson-ville

Ebb Rn efi" anner, Jacksonville Area Planning Boal

G:>rdonSpragueDepartment Head. RecreatiOn and Public Affairs.les i gned, 1978

Herb UnderwoodChief Administrative Officer -1978, City ofJacksonville

Lieutenant Colonel Robert J. Waterston,Deputy District Engineer, JacksonvilleDistrict, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers

Other officials whowere instrumental in the committee's progress were DonMcClure,David Harrell, Jim Wells, Rodney Hurst, Gene Suggs, KenO'Neill, Mike Tolbert,John Van Ness, Ernie Whitaker, the City Council, and the HUDCitizen Adviso~ Comnittee.

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP AND WORK

The manage~ent team met frequently during thefall of 1977 to define the direction of thestudy. From January to the end of May 1978 thefull committee met weekly. Thereafter, theconmittee met at least monthly. In addition,the cOlmJittee took field trips down the St. John'sRiver and some of its tributaries to better visu-alize the recreation capital improvements whichmight be developed along the waterfront. Thecommittee completed its work in the fall of 1979.

*Ted Pappas Chairman*Eleanor Ashby Management TeamDelores Carn Management Team

*Gerald Dake Management Team.George Harmon Management Team*Esp;e Patrinely "'anagemcnt TeamGary Sams Management ieam

*Robert H. Ad~~1urray B1adJames Bledsoe

*Julie BuckinghamJohn BurrowsKen CebeckAlex CrotzerJ. J. Daniel"1arian .Dowling

*Susan Fisher*Betty France*Elwood C. GeigerJames GriffithHelen Howarth

.Alberta Jackson*J. A. Jackson

*"!emberfor two years

*Lillian Johann*Madelyn levin*George LongworthJohn .."r-tan;sDoug MilneNancy Mi"ton

*Sally MorrowBrenda Priestly

*Nac ReiggerDel RevelsGay RobbinsSue Nell Spiro

*Courtenay WilsonLowell WoodWayne Wood

The committee was staffed by Carot S. Miner,Associate Director and Annette Brinsonsecretary.

.12.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BondIssue Fact Sheet: Consolidated City of Jack-sonville Property Tax Analysis for 1977. Source:Bonnie Cole, City of Jacksonville Budget Office.

"ChamberSurvey: Jacksonvi lle: A GoodPlace toLive, Residents Say." Focus, 12 July 1978.

Jacksonville Area Planning Board.River Study.

Jacksonviile Area Planning Board.Element.

St. John's

2005 Recreation

Dillin, Mike. "City's HUDProposal Draws FederalCriticism." The Florida Times-Union, 11 June,1979.

Harmon, George. "Architect Envisions St. JohnsIsland Park." The Florida Times-Union andJacksonville Journal. Sunday, 4 February 1979.

National Urban Recreation Study Executive Report.U. S. Department of Interior, February, 1978.

Ordinance 78-228-112. Introduced by the CouncilPresident at the Request of the Mayor.

City of Jacksonville Financial Summaries,1971 - 1979.

Recreation Survey 1977. League of WomenVoters,Jacksonville, Florida.

Jacksonville Area Planning Board.~'aster Plan.

1980 Recreation

~quest for Proposal: Leisure Services RecreationPlan. (JCCI)

Summaryof Selected Sections of the 1978 NationalUrban Recreation Study. U. S. Conference ofMayors and the Urban Environmental Foundation,March, 1978.

Hogan, Dick. "Recreational Facilities 'Okay'."The Florida Times-Union and JacksonvilleJournal, 11 March 1978.

.13.

APPEN DIX

This fs a summaryof the Scope of Services written to obtain the consultant who willdesign a new plan for the city of Jacksonville. The contract with the consultantwas approved in July 1979.

REQUEST FOR PROPOSALLEISURE SERVICES RECREATION PLAN

The consultant will workwith specific representa- I

tive communitygroups and the Mayor's TaskForce on Leisure Services to assure that the planis responsive to the needs and desires of thepublic.

Section I - General

It is the intent of this Request for Proposal (RFP)to obtain the services of a consultant to assist indetermining the most desirable means of implement-ing a comprehensive capital improvement programresponsive to the immediate and future needs of theci thenry.

The Mayor or his designee will chair the TaskForce on Leisure Services, which will includerepresentatives from the Department of Recreationand Public Affairs, Chairman of the City Council'sFinance Committee, Department of Housing and UrbanDevelopment, Jacksonville Area Planning Board,Jacksonville CommunityCouncil, Inc., and theChairman of the Agriculture/Recreation Committee.The consultant will periodically meet with theTask Force for direction and presentation ofresults. The total work effort of the consultantwill require between six and nine months to complete.

1-1 Background

Jacksonville communitygroups and citizens inComnunityDevelopmentPublic Hearings have con-sistently expressed a need for the developmentof additional leisure related facilities through-out the city. At the request of the Mayor, theCouncil passed an ordinance to provide funding forthe development of a city-wide plan of leisure needsand priorities on a regional, metropolitanj communityand neighborhood basis.

The leisure activity plan should be affordableand include all of the consolidated City ofJacksonville, the beaches, and Baldwin. Theplan should also emphasize the natural assets ofthe county: the St. Johns River, its tributaries,the marshes and the coast line. The plan shouldserve to link the population with the naturalassets through urban and suburban facilities, openspace and parks. Thouqh the county has muchundeveloped land within its 800 square miles, thegoal of this plan will be to provide faC"i1itiesthat are closer or accessible to the most people.

The plan should be a synthesis of existing and newfacilities. It should be a design unique to thegeography, climate and culture of Jacksonville.The plan should be affordable and include an imple-menting strategy as well as a phasing design andfinancing package.

Section II - Administration and ContractualInformation

11-1 Purpose

The purpose of this RFPis to secure the servicesof a consultant to assist in establishing a con-cl~sive plan for comprehensive delivery of recre-ational services. Primarily, this plan is toinclude a realistic capital improvement recommen-dation.

11-2 Project Scope and Objectives

The objective is to develop a plan to provide acreative solution linking leisure activities withthe Jacksonville setting. It should incorporatea master plan to enrich the humane~perience re-lated to leisure activities and time. It shouldprovide a definitive recommendation for a localopen space/recreation policy.

Further, it should provide a timetable ofdevelopment and a parallel financial plan forfunding such development identifyin9 local. state1nd federal participation.

11-3 Reference Documentsand Data

Consultants submitting responses to this RFPmaywish to review certain documents and data whichwill be used in developing the Leisure Services

.14.

Plan. Arrangements to do so may be made throughthe Department of Recreation and Public Affairsas identified in 11-4.

Available documents and data include. but arenot limited to:

1980 Recreation Master Plan. prepared by Jackson-ville Area Planning Board

St. Johns River Study. prepared by JacksonvilleArea Planning Board

Jacksonville 2005 Plan. prepared by JacksonvilleArea Planning Board

Recreation Element of the Comprehensive Plansfor the Cities of Jacksonville Beach. NeptuneBeach. Atlantic Beach and Baldwin

Demographicinformation

Geographical information including identificationof available natural resources

Inventory and description of existing park facil-ities.

The information above is available prior to andsubsequent to the date proposals are to be re-ceived. All materials may be reviewed at theaddress given in Section 11-4, and the cityofficial referenced in that section should benotified in the event you with to examine them.Due to the bulk of the information and expenseof duplication. no materials will be mailed.

Section III - Componentsof the leisure ServicesRecreation Plan

111-1

As stated, the consultant will report to and beassisted by a Task Force on leisure Servicesappointed by the Mayorand chaired by the Mayor'sdesignee.

II 1-2

The consultant will provide services in four (4)stages as identified and outlined below:

a) Fact findingb) Program developmentc) Preliminary presentationd) Final document presentation

.15-

111-3 Elements of Four Stages

A. Fact Finding

The first stage in the planning process isto understand Duval County. an area of 800square miles. Duval County includes theConsolidated City of Jacksonville and themunicipalities of Baldwin, Atlantic Beach.Jacksonville Beach and Neptune Beach. Docu-ment~ from which data will be drawn areavailable from the Jacksonville Area Planningand include the 1980 Recreation Master Plan.The St. Johns River Study. and the Jackson-ville 2005 Plan. recreation elements of thecomprehensive plans for the cities of Jackson-vill Beach, Neptune Beach, Atlantic Beachand Baldwin should also be available. Theresponsibility of the consultant will be toincorporate these studies, which describe indetail the short and long term needs of theJacksonville area. to form a viable compre-hensive plan which can be realistically im-plemented. Additional information will bemade available including data from the stateof Florida and other agencies. Demographicinformation reflecting the Jacksonvillepopulation will be provided also.

B.

The Task Force on leisure Services will workwith the consultant to identify the needsand desires of the citizens of Jacksonville.Various combinations of techniques for assess-ing the public's needs and wants may be employ-ed. Assistance for this assignment will beavailable through the City and civic groups.

Program Development

The initial factors in the plan will be thefeasibility of the study in terms of afford-ability and its vision and excitement. Basedon communityneeds, the consultant will designa program which would emphasize the develop-ment of Jacksonville's natural assets includ-ing but not limited to, the river, its trib-utaries, marsh lands and the beaches. Emphasis'should also be on improving existing facili-ties and utilizing natural areas that aredistinctive to Jacksonville. All facilitiesshould be designed with careful considerationfor the maintenance required. Facilitiesshould be planned and located where they willhave the greatest impact, accessibility anduse. ThoughJacksonville has much open space,it is located outside the areas of densepopulation. It will be important to locatefacilities where the people are. Consultantswho can document their success using ~ocio-

logical input or surveys will have advantageover a formula approach to planning.

This is a leisure time activity plan. Openspace, picnic facilities, scenic walks shouldbe included in addition to actual capitalimprovements.

The consultant should also design strategiesfor participation of private enterprise andfor beautification of major arteries andareas along the river.

Local, state, federal and private fundingshould be explored and assistance renderedto the appropriate officials to secure avail-able funds.

The consultant will also prepare a summaryof operating cost with the Department ofRecreation and Public Affairs related to thevarious phases of activities included in thestudy.

The consultant will submit a schedule ofimprovements with corresponding cost for'development and operation for the varioustypes of facilities to be incorporated in theplan.

~.~~

c.

Based on data obtained in the first phase ofthis study and on previous experience, theconsultant will make recommendations to theTask Force on alternative strategies to main-tain an adequate level of service and main-tenance of existing facilities and of newimprovements and services. The Task Forcewill decide on alternatives for the futureoperation, maintenance and development ofvarious facilities. These alternativeswill include the priorities for the develop-ment of various facilities, methods offinancing and level of financing.

Preliminary Presentation

The concept of the Task Force approved alter-natives for the plan will be presented inloose leaf form in at least 16 copies. Theconsultant will also prepare material forpublic presentation. All alternatives andthe consequences of each are to be presentedto the public and to the Task Force.

Based on specific recommendations of theconsultant and decisions of the Task Force,the consultant will then prepare the finaldocument.

ABOUT THE JACKSONVILLE COMMUNITY COUNCIL, INC.

The Jacksonville Com;l\unity Council, Inc. is anon-profit broad basedcitizenorganizationchartered in 1975. JCCI representsa mergerof three former community groups:

The Community Planning CouncilThe Commission on Goals and Priorities

for Human Services

Delegates to the Jacksonville CommunityPlanning Conference a t Amelia Island

Its goals are:

. To build citizen competence and awarenessin effectively participating in communityaffairs.

. To strengthen and improve the capabilityof community institutions to serve citizensof the community.

. To forecast emerging trends and opportunitiesthat will impact the quality of communitylife.

. To act as a catalyst for bringing togetherdecisio~akers.

.lCCl is fundedby:

The United Yay of Jacksonville

The Ci:ty 0f Ja cksonville

Gifts from private corporationsGrants for specific research and evaluation

projects

JCCI functions primarily thr~ugh the volunteercitizen study committee process:

A Program Committee from the JCCI member-ship recommends issu~s of community interest.

The JCCI Board of Managers approves the

issues of study for the year.

Study C01lll1itteechairpersons and managementteams are selected.

Study committee participants are recruitedframJCC! membership and the community.

The Study Committee obtains a data base

by means of regular meetings with respon-sible, knowledgeable resource persons,and staff research.

When the fact finding phase is completed,the committee reaches conclusions and

makes recommendations as part of the

final report.

The report of the Study Committee is re-leased to the public after consideration

and approval by the Board of Managers.

.JCCI members work to implement therecommendations of the report by communica-ting their findings to appropriate publicofficials and the community a t. large.

BOARD. OF MANAGERS

Robert D. Davis PresidentGeorge Corrick President-ElectJoan Carver Secretary

Eleanor AshbyJacquelyn BatesJohn BryanBetty CarleyYankCobleJ. J. Daniel

Albert ErnestHowardGreensteinDavid HicksKen JohnsonDaniel L. LaurayFlo Nell Ozell

James RinamanRobert SchellenbergSuzanne SchnabelRobert T. ShircliffEddie Mae Steward

.t7.

Edythe M. Abdullah

James H. Abernathy, Jr.W. T. Adam

Robert H. Adams

Gary AdlerJo Alexander

John W. Alexander

Frank Allcorn, III.

Robert Alligood

Harry Anderson

Sybil Ansbacher

Eleanor Ashby

Joe Ba lleyAnn Baker

Barbara Bald

Ronald J. Bannister

W. Ray Ba rbee

Martha Barrett

Judy Batchelder

Jacquelyn Bates

C. Ro~ald Belton

Erica Bennett

Luann Bennett

Stephen BerryW. O. Birchfield

Richard Bizot

Margaret Black

Murray Black

Susan H. Black

Arthur II. Bolte

Forrest F. Boone

James Borland

Bruce Bower

Wayne Bowers

Frederick W. Bowman

Chyrlene M. Boyd

Mary-Louise Boyer

Tyrie W. Boyer, Jr.

D. C. Brandvold

Lew Brant leyAlexander Brest

Janis K. Brill

Jack E. Brooks

Clanzel T. Brown

Marian Tally Brown

John C. Bryan

J. Shepard Bryan, Jr.

Cec ilia Bryant

Ezekiel Bryant

J. D. Buchanan, Jr.

Julie BuckinghamJohn Bunker

Sherman BurgessJames W. Burke

J. W. Burnette

Johnnie Lee ByrdSamuel Byrts

William H. Caldwell

Hugh Carithers, Jr.

Betty CarleyJoe Carlucci

Tom Carpenter

Da Ie Carson

William Carter

Joan Carver

R. Daniel Castle

James P. Citrano

Yank Coble

Corine W. Cole

Oec il W. Cone

Daniel Cook

William Cook

Genie Cooke

George Corrick

O. B. Cosby

Richard L. CoveyNancie Crabb

Eartha B. Crawford

Gerald CrewsL. E. Crittenden

William J. Crossen

Joseph Cullen

Earl T .Cu lUns

Robert J. Dahl

Gerald Dake

Howard L. Dale

J. J. Daniel

James E. Davis

Kevin L. Davis

Ormond L. Davis

Robert D. Davis

Vera Davis

D. Clinton Dawkins

Edward W. Dawkins

Walter Dickinson

Louis DiGiusto, III.

Joseph J. Dodge

Honey Donziger

Dottie Dorion

Walter Dorman

Paul C. Doyle

Ruby R. DuBose

Lawrence J. DuBow

Betsy Dunlap

Connie Edgar

Ken Ellermann

Albert Ernest

Jimmie S. Fant

Drema Farmer

James S. Farr

Vivian D. Farrell

Richard G. Fenn

Emmett Ferguson

Ronnie Ferguson

George R. Fisher

Susan Fisher

Beaulah M. FlournoyRobert Flowers

Joe Forshee

Tillie Fowler

Ginger Frailey

George A. Frank

Moses Freeman, Jr.

Robert O. Freeman

Frank Friedman, Jr.Diana S. Furr

JCCI MEMBERSHIP

John Gaillard

Marvin.Ganson

Sallie GarlingtonJudith Gefter

Elwood E. Geiger

Carolyn Gentry

Margaret Gibbs

Harold Gibson

Sue GiddingsJames Gilmore

James A. Gloster

Jake Godbold

Herbert Gold

Lois Graess Ie

Alice Grant

Marvin L. Grant

Roy G. GreenArnett Greene

Howard Greenstein

Anne Grimes

Mary Loftin Grimes

Richard G. Groff

B. A. Grubbs

Alice R. Hadwin

Mattox Hair

Bonnie M. Hamm

Pat Hannan

George Harmon

David Harrell

Wi 11 iam Ha rre 11

Thomas A. Harris

Rosanne HartwellPreston Haskell

Tom Healy

Charles G. Helms

James HenryDavid Hicks

Marvin IIi11, Jr.

Helen Hoekenga

Wendell P. Holmes

Betty Holzendorf

J. Earl HuntleyRodney L. Hurst

Kitty Inman

Albert Jackson

David B. Jackson

Hattie R. Jackson

Jesse A. Jackson

William Jackson

Marl lyn JacobsJudy Jacobson

Diane Jefferson

Lilliam Johann

Andrew E. Johnson

Kenneth L. Johnson

William L. Johnson

Silas E. Jones

Morton Kesler

Charles E. King

Ira Koger

Margaret KoscielnyDaniel Kossoff

Julie H. Kuntz

.18~ .

Sharon R. Laird

paniel Lauray

William G. Lee, Jr.

Melinda J. LeightyJessie M. Lester

Madelyn LevinEarl Lewis

George LongworthJean Ludlow

Royce Lyles

Wilford C. Lyon, Jr.

George Norman Maida

Tim MannBruce ManningRichard C. Martin

William 5. Mathias, Jr.Judith Ann lt8ttison

Meltonia May

L. Clifford Mayfield, Jr.Donald McClure

Jane McCullaghMartha McGee

James T. McGibonyAnne G. McIntosh

Garry MerrittWil liam Merwin

Joseph F. Mikulas

Bobbie-Sue Miller

Gene Mi ller

Douglas J. Milne

John P. MinahanDon Miner

Charlotte Minter

Edmond J. Moran, Jr.Max K. Morris

E. Ronal Mudd

James R. Myers

Louis C. MyersRod M. Nicol

Jack NooneyMaria O'Hearn

Michael S. O'Leary

Prime F. Osborn.

FIo Nell Ozell

Linda U. Padgett

Steve Pajcic

Ted Pappas

Gene Parks

Espie PatrinelyJesse L. Patterson

Pam Paul

Trinita L. Petersen

Mary Alice Phelan

Brenda PriestlyAnn Radwan

Harry Reagan

Bobby G. Reid

Jarold W. Regier

Mac Reigger

Franklin Reinstine

De I Reve Is

Robert L. Richard

Gloria Rinaman

James Rinaman

BethRioLynwood RobertsAndrew Robinson

Rhoda RosenbergAnne Ross

R. Ed Rowan

Herbert SangFrank Satchel

Robert Schellenberg

Harry SchnabelSuzanne Schnabel

Fred Schultz

Isabelle Sears

William Segraves

Isabella Sharpe

Sandra L. Sheppard

Robert T. Shircliff

Mary Lou Short

George Shuman

Charles Simmons, III

Frances Simmons

Sylvia Simmons

Kenneth M. Smith

Nancy Snyder

Leonard Spearman

Mary Spuhter

John Stafford, Jr.

William Stainback

Johnnie H. StallingsRobert A. Stern

Eddie Mae Steward

John J. Sulik

I. H. Sulzbacher

William Sulzbacher

David S.wain

Marcus Tamplin

Hans G. Tanzler, Jr.

C. Chadwick Taylor

Julia Taylor

Mari Terbrueggen

Earle C. Traynham

Israel Tribble

Arnold Tritt

Darlene TyeB. J. Walker

Larry Weas

Thomas E. Weaver

John Welch, Jr.Al WellsJim Wells

Dick Weston-Jones

Co by R. White

Susan Whitesides

Margaret Abel Wiegand

Walter Williams, Jr.

Courtenay Wilson

Hugh Wilson

Stephen R. Wise

Wayne Wood

Julie Woodruff

Rene' Woodward

Claude Yates

R. P. T. Young

Barbara Zimmerman