PHILIPPINE THEATER 70SYsa Tatiana Lluisma and Regina Starr Abelardo

The times have always shaped Philippine theater--Doreen Fernandez

Overview of the 70sFIRST QUARTER STORM

Overview of the 70s1970 Turning point for the Nationalist Movement Constitutional Convention Political activism, mass rallies, marches and protests US imperialism, feudalism, bureaucrat capitalism, fascism

Overview of the 70sAny discussion of the culture of the 1970s would be incomprehensible unless reference is made to two thinkers whose ideas left a lasting imprint on the period: Mao Zedong Renato Constantino

Overview of the 70sDeclaration of Martial Law (1972) As an attempt to dismantle the movement, it was used to suppress press freedom, persecute individuals & organization perceived to be enemies of the regime, and paved the way for anti-people development schemes. However, instead of folding up, the movement went underground and intensified its resistance to the dictatorship not only in the cities, but principally in the country side.

Overview of the 70sLikewise, activist theater groups wasnt stopped by the Martial Law:UP Repertory Company PETA Babaylan Theater Company Bulwagang Gantimpala of CCP

NationalismNationalism that not only envisioned the end of American neocolonial control of the Philippines but also the curtailment of the monopoly of political and economic power by the active ruling class and the enjoyment by the masses of democracy. (Bienvenido Lumbera)

Performance trends and techniquesMusical theater- Derided by its critics for beingbourgeois, reactionary and irrelevant to the condition of the masses but most of them had a long history of indigenization like the Zarzuela revivals

Art theater Concerned only for art values of theaterand caters to sophisticated audience (e.g. Repertory Philippines)

National theater Prevailing trend in the 1970s;Together with the desire to follow theatrical fads abroad is a genuine desire to develop national theater in the Phil.

Performance trends and techniquesPolitical theater (e.g. Street theater, Theater of the oppressed, Proletarian Theater, Agit-Prop, Seditious Plays, Protest Dramas)It was the loudest and the most urgent, and certainly it was successful. No one doubts that the awareness it awakened was a major factor in making the fall of Marcos possible. All those impoverished theatre groups from north to south, from plaza to slum, helped significantly to produce the consciousness that made People Power possible. (Doreen Fernandez)

Performance trends and techniquesRealism Expressionism (absurdism)

Dramatic literaturePolitical message of national movements (content) purposive, sometimes content with exposing the ills of contemporary society, sometimes following up its social analysis with a call to action, indeed literature that are political both in content and intent. (Bienvenido Lumbera) Drama and songs to fire up resistance

Dramatic literatureMan in conflict with society of his time Response to Filipino writers obsession with the question of identity Growing militancy of national consciousness Search for national self-image in the arts

1970s1970 -Walang Sugat (Severino Reyes) -Paglilitis ni Mang Serapio (Paul Dumol) 1971 -Hukumang Tuwad (Panday Sining) -Moses, Moses (Rogelio Sikat) -Halimaw (Isagani Cruz)

1970s1972 -Welga! Welga! (Bonifacio Ilagan) 1973 -Babaylan Group organized the revival of traditional drama 1974 -Paraisong Parisukat(Orlando Nadres) -Alex Antiporda (Tony Perez)

1970s1975 -Alipato (Nonilon Queano) -Kabesang Tales (Paul Dumol) -Ang mga Kagilagilalas na Pakikipagsapalaran ni Juan dela Cruz (Jose Lacaba) -Iskolar ng Bayan (Richie Valencia)

1970s1976 -Sumpang Mahal and Dupluhang Bayan (Domingo Landicho) -Abadeja, and Ating Sinderela; Ang Bundok; and Ang Madyik na Sombrero (Amelia LapeaBonifacio) -Bernardo Carpio (Virgilio Almario & Tito Climaco) -Dulaang UP was founded by Antonio Mabesa -Teatro Pilipino was founded by Rolando Tinio

1970s1977 - Mga Ama, Mga Anak (Jose Lacaba) - Ang Paglalakbay ni Sisa: Isang Noh sa Laguna (Amelia Lapea-Bonifacio) - Pagsambang Bayan (Bonifacio Ilagan) - Tales of the Manuvu (Bienvenido Lumbera) - Teatro Mulat ng Filipinas was founded - Teatro Umalohokan was founded in UP Los Banos

1970s1978- In Dis Korner (Reuel Aguila) - Josephine (Isagani Cruz) - Tatarin (Nick Joaquin) - Filipinas para los Filipinos (Severino Reyes) - Sugatang Lawin (Jose Dalisay) - Halik sa Kampilan (Sining Kambayoka) - Integrated Performing Arts Guild (IPAG) was founded - Publication of The Iloilo Zarzuela by Doreen Fernandez

1970s1979 - Juan Tamban (Malou Jacob) - Kanser (Jomar Fleras) - Juan Tamad Meets Paltos V (Al Santos) - Teatro Amakan was founded in Iloilo City

Legacy: Revival of Philippine theaterWhat was presumed to have died with the retreat of the Sarswela bounced back to life again in the form of social and political theater The roster of contemporary Filipino playwrights that grew in this period New plays were written for Filipino stage where before, there were only ready-made plays from the West Effectiveness of dramatic performances in raising the political consciousness of the urban and rural masses

ReferencesCruz, Isagani. A Short History of Theater in the Philippines. Fernandez, Doreen. Palabas: Essays on Phil Theater History. Lumbera, Bienvenido. Phil Literature: A History and Anthology. Tiongson, Nicanor G. What is Philippine Drama?

Pagsambang BayanBonifacio Ilagan (Full-length play)

Paglilitis ni Mang SerapioPaul Dumol (One-act play)

Ramona Reyes sa Forbes ParkBienvenido Noriega (One-act play)

Juan TambanMalou Jacob (Full-length play)