1953-1994 Andre Gunder Frank Papers - Search Home

Andre Gunder Frank Papers1953-1994

International Institute of Social HistoryCruquiusweg 311019 AT AmsterdamThe Netherlands

hdl:10622/ARCH01334

© IISH Amsterdam 2021

https://hdl.handle.net/10622/ARCH01334

Andre Gunder Frank Papers 1953-1994

Table of contentsAndre Gunder Frank Papers............................................................................................................ 3Context............................................................................................................................................... 3Content and Structure........................................................................................................................3Access and Use.................................................................................................................................4LIST...................................................................................................................................................4

GENERAL................................................................................................................................... 4Correspondence..................................................................................................................4Addresses and diaries........................................................................................................6

PERSONAL DOCUMENTS........................................................................................................ 6Applications and employment.............................................................................................6Other personal documents................................................................................................. 6

PUBLIC LIFE...............................................................................................................................7Authorship........................................................................................................................... 7

Typescripts and notes............................................................................................. 7- Books-.................................................................................................... 7-Articles-.................................................................................................... 9-Notes-.................................................................................................... 10

Correspondence with editors.................................................................................10Correspondence with publishers........................................................................... 10Royalties and contracts......................................................................................... 11Publications............................................................................................................12Reviews and critiques........................................................................................... 12

Other activities.................................................................................................................. 12Teaching and supervising......................................................................................12Research................................................................................................................13Conferences...........................................................................................................13

DOCUMENTATION................................................................................................................... 14ANNEX...................................................................................................................................... 14

Marta B. Frank-Fuentes (1937-1993)...............................................................................14Paulo R. Frank (1963-).....................................................................................................15

ACCRUAL................................................................................................................................. 15Andre G. Frank.................................................................................................................15

International Institute of Social History 2


Andre Gunder Frank PapersCollection ID ARCH01334Creator Frank, Andre GunderPeriod 1953-1994Extent 11.25 meters archival material , 8.64 MB digital material (1827 files) 11.25 Meters 8.64Megabytes, 1827 FilesLanguage list EnglishLanguage of Material English, Spanish

Context

Biographical NoteBorn in Berlin, Germany 1929, died Luxembourg 2005; professor of economics; left Germanywith his parents to escape the Nazi regime and eventually arrived in the USA in 1941; educatedat the Universities of Michigan and Chicago; completed his dissertation on Soviet Agriculturein 1957; from 1957 assistant professor at the Universities of Michigan State, Iowa and WayneState; from 1963 visiting professor at the University of Brasilia in Brazil; after a lectureship at theNational Autonomous University of Mexico he was appointed by the University of Chile in Santiagoin 1968; left Chile after the military took over in 1973 and worked at several European universities,eventually at the University of Amsterdam, from which he retired in 1994; his publications include'Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil' 1967,'Development of Underdevelopment: Essays on Imperialism, Society and Politics in Latin America'1968, 'Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution' 1969 and numerous other books, articlesand essays on economic, social and political history.His publications include 'Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studiesof Chile and Brazil' 1967, 'Development of Underdevelopment: Essays on Imperialism, Societyand Politics in Latin America' 1968, 'Latin America: Underdevelopment or Revolution' 1969 andnumerous other books, articles and essays on economic, social and political history.

AcquisitionThe papers were donated in 1995 by A.G. Frank

Content and Structure

ContentCorrespondence with Alonso Aguilar 1968-1970, Samir Amin 1974-1983, 1986-1990, Hamza Alavi1979-1980, Giovanni Arrighi 1974-1983, 1986-1990, Michel Beaud 1983-1984, Kathleen Gough-Aberle 1966-1984, John Harriss 1979-1981, Hosea Jaffe 1983-1984, Zbigniew M. Kowalewski1969-1970, Ernest Mandel 1968-1983, Fawzy Mansour 1975-1980, José Martinez 1968, FrançoisMaspero 1968, 1983, Ralph Milliband 1968-1969, Navroz Mody 1972-1973, 1979-1981, KrishnaRaj 1972-1980, Ranjit Sau 1973-1980, Saïd Ahmad Shah 1976-1979, Sol Tax 1967-1977,Immanuel Wallerstein 1982-1990 and many others 1955-1994; personal documents 1958-1995;typescripts of and notes concerning his books, articles and essays 1953-1993; correspondencewith publishers, including correspondence on royalties 1964-1992; other correspondenceconcerning his publications 1973-1983; reviews of his publications 1967-1990; teaching andsupervising documents 1966-1994; documents on attended conferences, workshops and seminars1959-1994; articles and interviews concerning Frank and other documentation.



ArrangementSome letters and manuscripts were only available on floppy disks. Most of these texts have beenprinted on paper, together with the directories of the floppy disks (see inv.no. 12). Books andperiodicals that came along with his papers, have been transferred to the library and photographs,posters, badges and cassettes with interviews, discussions and speeches have been transferred tothe audiovisual department of the Institute.

Processing InformationList made by Tiny de Boer in 1996.

Subjects

Geographic NamesNetherlandsUnited StatesGermanyChile

Thema'sSocial economyTrade/Industry/FinanceTransformation of industrial and agricultural issues

MateriaaltypeArchival material

Access and Use

AccessNot restricted

Restrictions on UseDirect access to digital material is currently not possible, please contact the reading room of theIISH: [email protected]

Preferred CitationAndre Gunder Frank Papers , inventory number ..., International Institute of Social History,Amsterdam

LIST

GENERAL

Correspondence



1-11 Correspondence, chronologically arranged. 1955-1994. 11 boxes1 1955-1969.2 1969-1975.3 1976-1983.4 1983-1984.5 1984-1986.6 1986-1987.7 1987-1988.8 1989-1990.9 1990-1991.

10 199211 1993-1994.

12 Prints of letters and a few articles by Andre Gunder Frank . With lists of thecomputer files. 1987-1992. 1 box

13 Faxes, received and delivered. 1990-1994. 1 folder14-16 'Australian, Asian, and African' correspondence. 1969-1970, 1972-1973,

1975-1983. 3 folders14 1969-1970, 1972-1973, 1975-1976.15 1977-1979.16 1979-1983.

17 'Belgian' correspondence. 1974-1979. 1 cover18-19 'British' correspondence. 1975-1983. 1 folder and 1 cover

18 1975-1979.19 1979-1983. (folder)

20 'Canadian' correspondence. 1966-1972. 1 cover21 'Cuban' correspondence. 1964-1965, 1967-1968, 1971. 1 cover22 'Dutch' correspondence. 1974-1979. 1 cover23 'East European' correspondence . 1980-1982. 1 cover24 'French' correspondence. 1973-1983. 1 folder

25-26 'German' correspondence. 1973-1982. 2 folders25 1973-1977.26 1978-1983.

27 'Italian' correspondence. 1973-1980. 1 cover28-29 'Latin American' correspondence. 1976-1983. 2 covers

28 1976-1980.29 1980-1983.

30 'Luxembourgian' correspondence. 1974-1979. 1 cover31 'Portuguese' correspondence. 1980. 1 cover32 'Scandinavian' correspondence. 1973-1979. 1 folder33 'Spanish' correspondence. 1975-1980. 1 cover34 'Swiss' correspondence. 1974-1980. 1 cover



35-37 'United States' correspondence. 1973-1983. 3 folders35 1973-1978.36 1979-1981.37 1981-1983.

38 'Western European' correspondence. 1981-1983. 1 cover

Addresses and diaries39 Lists of addresses. 1976-1984 and n.d. 1 cover40 Address books, including loose-leaf addresses and visiting cards. 1960,

1973-1974, 1977 and n.d. 1 folder41 'Swarthmore'-calendars, used as diaries. 1982-1983, 1985-1988. 1 folder

PERSONAL DOCUMENTS

Applications and employment42 Various versions of his curriculum vitae, biographical data and lists of publications.

1960-1993 and n.d. 1 box43 Documents concerning applications at Universities in the United States and

refused requests for a visitors visa by the United States Government. 1960-1995. 1 box

44-46 Documents concerning applications at Universities and invitations to speak atseminars in Canada and refused requests for a visitors visa by the CanadianGovernment. 1967-1968, 1973-1980. 3 folders

44 1967-1968, 1973-1976.45 1977.46 1978-1980.

47-50 Documents concerning applications in other countries. 1957, 1973-1975,1979-1994. 4 folders

47 1957, 1973-1975, 1979-1982.48 1983-1986.49 1987-1989.50 1990-1994.

51 Documents, mainly concerning his resignation from the Michigan State University ,East Lansing, Michigan, USA. 1958-1959, 1961. 1 cover

52 Documents concerning his appointment at the Sir George Williams University inMontreal, Canada. 1966-1968. 1 cover

53 Documents concerning his appointment at the University of Chile , Santiago, Chile.1968-1971. 1 cover

54 Documents concerning his dismissal from the assignment to Santiago de Chile bythe International Labour Organisation (ILO) in Geneva. 1970-1971. 1 cover

55 Documents concerning rejections from Universities in Frankfurt and Kassel,Germany, regarding a 'Berufsverbot'. 1973-1977. 1 cover

Other personal documents



56 Tourist visa for Yugoslavia. 1960. 1 piece57 Membership cards. 1960, 1962, 1966-1968, 1986. 1 cover

58-61 Financial correspondence. With notes. 1970-1990. 4 folders58 1970-1976.59 1977-1983.60 1983-1984.61 1985-1990.

PUBLIC LIFE

Authorship

Typescripts and notes

- Books-

62 'Growth and Productivity in Ukrainian Agriculture and Industry, 1928 to 1955 '.Stencilled typescript of his dissertation. 1957. 1 folder

63-70 'Underdevelopment: A Historical Reader on Asia, Africa and Latin America' byAndre Gunder Frank and Said Ahmad Shah . Typescripts, including photocopies oftypescripts, printed and stencilled articles. With correspondence and notes. 1965,1967-1977 and n.d. 5 folders and 3 boxes

63 1965, 1967 and n.d.64 1968-1969.65 1967-1977. (box)66 1967-1977. (box)67 1967-1977. (box)68 1969-1970.69 1971-1976.70 N.d.

71-73 'An Economic History of Mexican Agriculture: From Conquest to Revolution'.Typescript. With notes. 1966, 1972 and n.d. 3 folders

71 1966.72 1972 and n.d.73 1972 and n.d.

74-75 'Toward a Theory of Capitalist Underdevelopment'. Photocopy of stencilledtypescript. With notes. 1970 and n.d. 2 folders

74 1970.75 N.d.

76 'On Capitalist Underdevelopment'. Addition to the preface. Typescript. 1971. 1 cover

77-80 'Accumulating Exploitation'. Typescripts. 1973-1974, 1976 and n.d. 3 folders and1 cover

77 1973. (cover)



78 1974.79 1976 and n.d.80 N.d.

81-82 'The Mode of Production Controversy: Papers from India with Reviews of the LatinAmerican and African Debates', edited by Hamza Alavi , Andre Gunder Frank andJohn Harriss . Typescripts. With correspondence and printed articles. 1973, 1975,1977-1981 and n.d. 2 folders

81 1973, 1975, 1978-1981 and n.d.82 1975, 1977, 1979-1980 and n.d.

83 'Accumulation Dependence and Underdevelopment'. Typescript and printedarticles. 1976. 1 folder

84 'Mexican Agriculture 1521-1630. Transformation of the Mode of Production'.Typescript. 1978. 1 folder

85-87 'Crisis, Volume I: West , East, South'. Typescripts. 1978. 2 folders and 1 box85 1978. (box)86 1978.87 1978.

88-90 'Crisis, Volume II: In the Third World'. Typescript. 1978. 3 folders91-92 'Crisis, Which Crisis?' by Samir Amin , Giovanni Arighi , Andre Gunder Frank

and Immanuel Wallerstein . Photocopies of the typescript. 1979, 1981 and n.d. 2 folders

91 1979 and n.d.92 1981 and n.d.

93-95 'What Next? A World Political Economy'. Typescript. With correspondence. 1986. 2 folders and 1 box

93 1986.94 1986. (box)95 1986.

96 'The World Economic Crisis: Retrospect and Prospect'. Typescripts. c. 1986-1987. 1 folder

97-100 'Transforming the Revolution: Social Movements and the World-System' bySamir Amin , Giovanni Arrighi , Andre Gunder Frank and Immanuel Wallerstein .Typescripts. With correspondence. 1986-1990. 4 folders

97 1986-1988.98 1988.99 1988-1989.

100 1989-1990.101-104 'Cumulation of Accumulation: A Plea for 5000 Years of World System History' by

Andre Gunder Frank and Barry K. Gills . Typescripts. 1987-1991. 4 folders105 'East-West/North-South New International Relations, World Economy, Social

Movements and Third World Women' by Andre Gunder Frank and Marta Frank-Fuentes . Typescripts. With photocopies of printed articles. 1988-1989 and n.d. 1 folder

106 'The Centrality of Central Asia: Studies in History'. Typescripts. 1991-1992 and n.d. 1 folder



107 'Brasilian Agriculture: Capitalism and the Myth of Feudalism'. Typescript, partiallystencilled. N.d. 1 cover

108 'Reflections on the Present World Crisis'. Typescript of the preface. N.d. 1 cover109 Typescript of a book on the economic history of Chile. With notes. Incomplete. N.d.

1 cover110 Typescript of a book on economic development through history. N.d. 1 cover111 'World Accumulation 1492-1789 ' and 'The Underdevelopment of Development'.

Tables of contents. N.d. 1 cover

-Articles-

112-115 Typescripts of 'unpublished' articles. 1953-1961, 1963-1968, 1970-1973, 1977. 3 folders and 1 coverNB. Not published according remark by Andre Gunder Frank .

112 1953-1958.113 1959-1961.114 1963-1968.115 1970-1973, 1977. (cover)

116-128 Typescripts of articles, papers and essays, partly photocopies. Withcorrespondence and proofs. 1955-1992 and n.d. 8 boxes, 4 folders and 1 cover

116 1955. (cover)117 1956-1961. (folder)118 1963-1965. (folder)119 1966-1976.120 1976-1980.121 1980-1989.122 1989-1990.123 1990.124 1991.125 1991-1992.126 1992 and n.d.127 N.d. (folder)128 N.d. (folder)

129 Typescripts of research proposals. 1963-1965, 1974, 1976-1977. 1 folder130 Typescripts of speeches and lectures. 1969, 1975-1977, 1981, 1984 and n.d.

1 folder131-133 Typescripts of articles on social movements by Andre Gunder Frank and Marta

Frank-Fuentes . With correspondence and royalty statements. 1984-1993. 3 folders

131 1984-1987.132 1988.133 1988-1993.

134 'Bibliography of publications by Andre Gunder Frank , 1955-1990 '. Typescripts anda photocopy of the printed article. 1991. 1 folder



-Notes-

135 Notes on the economic development of Latin America. With bibliographical notesand abstracts. 1960, 1963-1964, 1967-1969 and n.d. 1 folderNB. Possibly meant for his book 'Capitalism and Underdevelopment in LatinAmerica: Historical Studies of Chile and Brazil'.

136 Cards with notes on published articles and interviews in periodicals. 1960-1983. 1 cover

137-139 Cards with notes on publications and booktitles. With clippings. 1976 and n.d. 2 covers and 1 folder

137 1976 and n.d.138 N.d. (folder)139 N.d.

140 Notebooks with names of publishers. 1981, 1983. 1 cover141 Notes on cross cousin marriage. N.d. 1 cover

Correspondence with editors

142-143 Correspondence with British editors on written articles by Andre Gunder Frank andothers. 1973-1980. 1 folder and 1 cover

142 1973-1975.143 1975-1980. (folder)

144 Correspondence with Canadian editors on written articles. 1976-1980. 1 cover145 Correspondence with French editors on written articles. 1974-1980. 1 cover146 Correspondence with German editors on written articles. 1973-1979. 1 cover147 Correspondence with Italian editors on written articles. 1973-1979. 1 cover148 Correspondence with Latin American editors on written articles. 1975-1980.

1 cover149 Correspondence with Scandinavian editors on written articles. 1976-1979. 1 cover150 Correspondence with Spanish editors on written articles. 1977-1979. 1 cover151 Correspondence with United States editors on written articles. 1964-1980. 1 box

152-153 ' Wallerstein project'. Correspondence, mainly with Immanuel Wallerstein on writtenarticles and books. 1976-1983. 1 folder and 1 cover

152 1976-1981. (folder)153 1982-1983.

154 Correspondence with various editors on written articles and books. 1980-1983. 1 cover

Correspondence with publishers

155 Correspondence with Asian publishers. 1973-1980. 1 folder156-158 Correspondence with British publishers. 1974-1983. 2 folders and 1 cover

156 1974-1977.157 1978-1980.158 1981-1983. (cover)



159 Correspondence with Dutch publishers. 1967, 1973-1980. 1 cover160 Correspondence with French publishers. 1974-1980. 1 cover161 Correspondence with German publishers. 1973-1980. 1 folder162 Correspondence with Italian publishers. 1973-1980. 1 cover163 Correspondence with Latin American publishers. 1974-1980. 1 folder164 Correspondence with Portuguese publishers. 1974-1980. 1 cover165 Correspondence with Scandinavian publishers. 1973-1980. 1 cover166 Correspondence with Spanish publishers. 1973-1980. 1 folder

167-170 Correspondence with United States publishers. 1967-1968, 1973-1984. 4 folders167 1967-1968, 1973-1978.168 1979.169 1980-1981.170 1982-1984.

171-173 Correspondence with various publishers. 1968-1993. 2 folders and 1 box171 1968-1971.172 1972-1990. (box)173 1990-1993.

174 Correspondence with various publishers concerning the book 'From AtlanticAlliance to Pan-European Entente: Political Economic Alternatives'. With notes.1982-1983. 1 cover

175-176 Correspondence with various publishers concerning the book 'The World System'by Andre Gunder Frank and B. Gills . 1990-1993. 1 folder and 1 cover

175 1990.176 1991-1993. (folder)

Royalties and contracts

177-178 Documents concerning royalties on publications in the English language.1967-1981. 2 folders

177 1967-1977.178 1978-1981.

179 Documents concerning royalties on publications in the French language.1967-1980. 1 cover

180 Documents concerning royalties on publications in the German language.1969-1980. 1 cover

181 Documents concerning royalties on publications in the Italian language. 1970-1979. 1 cover

182 Documents concerning royalties on publications in the Japanese language.1974-1981. 1 cover

183 Documents concerning royalties on publications in the Portuguese language.1968-1979. 1 cover

184 Documents concerning royalties on publications in the Spanish language. 1964,1969-1980. 1 cover

185-186 Documents concerning contracts and royalties on publications in variouslanguages. 1969-1992. 1 box and 1 folder



185 1969-1981.186 1982-1992. (box)

187 Documents concerning requests regarding permissions for reprints. 1980. Withvisiting cards from the 'Buchmesse' in Germany. 1976-1978. 1 cover

Publications

188-191 Photocopies of articles by Andre Gunder Frank , published in various periodicals.1958-1991. 3 folders and 1 cover

188 1958-1983. (cover)189 1984-1986.190 1987-1988.191 1988-1991.

192 Clippings of published articles. 1964, 1973, 1975-1976, 1982, 1984 and n.d. 1 cover

193-195 Development Studies discussion papers and reprints of published articles by AndreGunder Frank . 1977-1980. 2 folders and 1 cover

193 1977-1979. (cover)194 1979.195 1980.

Reviews and critiques

196-197 Reviews and critiques relating to 'Dependency'. 1964, 1972-1985. 1 box and1 folder

196 1964, 1972-1974.197 1974-1985. (box)

198-200 Other reviews and critiques. 1967-1990. 3 boxes198 1967-1975.199 1975-1981.200 1982-1990.

Other activities

Teaching and supervising

201-202 Course material, reading lists and outlines. 1963-1978, 1987-1988. 2 folders201 1963-1969.202 1970-1978, 1987-1988.

203 Documents concerning the arranged study programmes and projects for the SocialSciences Department of the University of Chile , Santiago. 1967-1970. 1 cover

204 Documents concerning the arranged study programmes and projects for the Centrode Estudios Socio-Economicas (CESO) of the University of Chile , Santiago.1970-1973. 1 cover



205 Documents concerning the arranged provisional study programme for the UEREconomie Politique of the University of Paris . 1977-1978. 1 cover

206 Documents concerning the supervising of students at the School of Development,University of East Anglia , Norwich, including some outside supervisions and otheruniversity correspondence. 1979-1983. 1 folder

207 Documents concerning his activities as External Assessor for the SociologyDepartment of the University of the South Pacific , Suva, Fiji. 1981-1983, 1987. 1 cover

208-213 Documents concerning the supervising of students and the promoting ofcandidates for a doctorate at the Institute for the Socio-Economic Studies ofDeveloping Regions (ISMOG) , University of Amsterdam , including other universitycorrespondence. 1983-1985, 1988, 1991-1994 and n.d. 5 folders and 1 cover

208 1983. (cover)209 1983-1985.210 1984 and n.d.211 1984-1985, 1988.212 1991-1992.213 1992-1994.

Research

214 Correspondence about a study tour to the Soviet Union. 1959-1961. 1 cover215 Documents concerning research and financial support for the project 'Capital

Accumulation, Economic Crisis, Social Conflict and International Relations' fromthe ' Deutsche Gesellschaft für Friedens- und Konfliktforschung e.V. (DGFK) ',Bonn-Bad Godesberg. 1974-1978. 1 cover

216 Documents concerning proposals for a joint research project on social movementsby Andre Gunder Frank and Marta Frank-Fuentes to the MacArthur Foundationand the Kellogg Institute . 1988-1993. 1 folder

Conferences

217-226 Correspondence and programmes regarding conferences, congresses, seminars,workshops, forums, symposia, including invitations for talks and lectures.1959-1994. 9 boxes and 1 folder

217 1959-1978.218 1979-1981.219 1982-1986.220 1986-1988.221 1988.222 1989-1990.223 1990.224 1991-1992.225 1992-1993.226 1994. (folder)



DOCUMENTATION

227-228 Published articles about Andre Gunder Frank . 1963-1994. 2 folders227 1963-1970.228 1970-1994.

229 Letters to editors by Andre Gunder Frank , published in newspapers andperiodicals. 1964, 1969, 1971, 1976, 1980 and n.d. 1 cover

230-231 Interviews with Andre Gunder Frank , published in newspapers and periodicals.1965, 1970, 1974, 1976-1978, 1981-1988. 1 folder and 1 cover

230 1965, 1970, 1974, 1976-1977.231 1977-1978, 1981-1988. (folder)

232-239 Printed articles and typescripts of articles by others on Central- and Latin America.1965-1969, 1971-1974, 1977, 1979, 1982-1989, 1992-1993 and n.d. 6 folders and2 boxes

232 1965-1969.233 1971-1974, 1977, 1979.234 1982.235 1983-1987. (box)236 1987. (box)237 1987-1989, 1992-1993.238 N.d.239 N.d.

240-242 Printed articles and typescripts of articles by others on 'Dependence'. 1970-1971,1973-1983 and n.d. 2 boxes and 1 folder

240 1970-1971, 1973. (folder)241 1974-1980.242 1980-1983 and n.d.

243-244 Other printed articles and typescripts by others. 1963-1992 and n.d. 1 box and1 folder

243 1963-1989. (box)244 1990-1992 and n.d.

245 Leaflets. 1977, 1983. 1 cover

ANNEX

Marta B. Frank-Fuentes (1937-1993)246 Letters from Andre Gunder Frank . 1965, 1972-1973 and n.d. 1 cover

247-249 Printed articles (by others) on women's emancipation in Chile. With somecorrespondence. 1981-1991. 2 covers and 1 folder

247 1981-1982.248 1983-1989. (folder)249 1990-1991.

250-252 Documents concerning women's studies. 1973, 1976, 1984, 1988 and n.d. 2 folders and 1 cover



250 1973, 1976, 1984 and n.d. (cover)

251 1984.

252 1984, 1988.

Paulo R. Frank (1963-)253 Correspondence. 1983-1984, 1989 and n.d. 1 cover

254-255 Documents concerning his Chinese studies for the degree of B.A. at the Universityof Leeds . 1977-1979, 1981-1982 and n.d. 1 folder and 1 cover

254 1977-1979.

255 1979, 1981-1982. (folder)

ACCRUAL

Andre G. Frank256 Personal documents. 1983, 1988, 1993. 1 cover

257-260 Financial correspondence. 1991-1995. 3 covers and 1 folder257 1991.

258 1992.

259 1993.

260 1994-1995. (folder)

261 Other correspondence. 1995. 1 cover

262 `Swarthmore'-calendars, used as diaries. 1991-1994. 1 cover

263 Miscellaneous notes and lists of authors and book titles. N.d. 1 cover

264 Printed articles by Frank. c. 1960-1992 and n.d. 1 box
