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12. AMERICA IN WORLD WAR II

TERMS #1

• Appeasement/ Neville Chamberlain• Neutrality Acts• Flying Tigers• Pearl Harbor• Rationing• Victory Gardens• Office of War

Information• Tuskegee Airmen

• Executive Order 9066• Korematsu v. U.S.• Winston Churchill• Dorie Miller

ORIGINS OF WORLD WAR II

1. World War I2. Treaty of Versailles3. Great Depression4. Rise of the Dictatorships• Joseph Stalin – Soviet Union – Communist• Hediki Tojo – Japan - Imperialist• Benito Mussolini – Italy – Fascist• Francisco Franco – Spain – Fascist• Adolf Hitler – Germany – Nazi

5. Failure of the League of Nations without U.S.

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• Sets the table for World War II• The major players that form the Axis Powers

are created:Germany – • taking blame for WW1, military decreased, economy

poor, Imperialism ended • this leads to the rise of Adolf Hitler

Italy – • Imperialism rejected, pushed off the spoils table at

the Treaty of Versailles. • Rise of Mussolini

Japan – • Imperialism shunned, spoils taken away from them,

insulted and rejected for their part in WW1. • Rise of Tojo.

HITLER BEGINS TO TAKE OVER EUROPE

• By 1938 the Germans control Austria and much of Europe• Britain (Chamberlain) and France (Daladier) try

to appease Hitler by allowing him to take the Sudetenland.

GERMANY BREAKS PROMISE

• Germany enters a Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet Union.• 1939 • Germany takes Poland (for the land taken at the Treaty of Versailles)• World War II in Europe starts

World War IIBegins

BLITZKRIEG INVASION OF POLAND, 1939

GERMANY BREAKS THE NON-AGGRESSION PACT

• 1941: Germany invades Soviet Union• Hitler’s biggest mistake.

5 SENTENCE PARAGRAPHS

• Read the portion of the Quarantine Speech on p.230. • Respond to the two questions at the end of

that selection.• Each response must be in paragraph form

with five sentences. 1. Answer the question2. 3 supporting sentences3. conclusion

JAPAN BEGINS TO MOVE ACROSS ASIA

• Japan attempts to take over Asia• Japan invades Indo-China• US freezes assets

in America• Cut off trade with

Japan

• Japan plans a surprise attack on US.

VIEW AND DISCUSS

• The attack scene in “Pearl Harbor”• The Japanese government has planned for

months for this Sunday morning surprise attack on the naval base at Pearl Harbor.

AMERICA DECLARES WAR

• December 8, 1941 (the day after the attack) • U.S. declares war on Japan• (http://youtu.be/lK8gYGg0dkE)

• Axis Powers: • Germany• Italy• Japan

• Allied Powers: • U.S.• Great Britain• France• USSR

ON THE HOME FRONT

• American citizens helped pay for the war by purchasing war bonds.• High level of

volunteerism during the war.• Rationing regulated the

amount of goods Americans could purchase • Saving some for Europe

• Victory Gardens planted by citizens to provide home vegetables and fruits.

OFFICE OF WAR INFORMATION

• Controlled American propaganda about the war.• Posters, newsreels and radio broadcasts designed

to support American patriotism and paint Axis powers as evil.

THE ROLE OF WOMEN

• In the factories• As volunteers in the armed services

ETHNIC MINORITIES• African-Americans in segregated units.• Tuskegee Airmen fly escort planes for the bombers• Vernon Baker receives Medal of Honor • Dorie Miller receives the Navy Cross at Pearl

Harbor, also first African American to have a ship named for him.

• Native Americans enlisted in higher proportion than other groups • Navajo Code Talkers

• Mexican Americans fought in all battles

TERMS #2

• George Patton• Dwight Eisenhower• Vernon Baker• Omar Bradley• Holocaust• D-Day• Concentration Camps• Genocide

JAPANESE AMERICANS• Japanese Americans were relocated in

Internment Camps farther inland• Executive Order 9066 was responsible for this.

• Korematsu v. U.S. attempt to declare unconstitutional but fails.

HOLOCAUST

• Hitler’s answer to the Jewish problem• Blamed Jews for Germany’s problems

• Attempted genocide of Jews during WWII• Effort to murder an entire people or nationality• Places in concentration camps, forced to do hard

labor, experimented on, etc.

• Hitler was responsible for the deaths of • 6 million Jews• 700 thousand Gypsies• 100,000 Homosexuals• 100,000 African Americans and Hispanics• Also, political prisoners and the mentally-disabled

HOLOCAUST

THE WAR IN EUROPE

• Axis Power in 1942 • Allies take Northern Africa first • Cross the Mediterranean and take Sicily then Italy.• Soviet Union pushes through Poland from the East• D-Day Invasion on the Normandy coast placed Allies in position to attack from the west.

D-DAY INVASION

• View and discuss the invasion of Normandy in France as seen in “Saving Private Ryan”

EUROPE IN JUNE OF 1944

• Allies push Germans from the West• Soviet Union pushes Germans from the East

• Allied leaders continue to push German army to the north toward their country

EUROPE IN MARCH, 1944

• Battle of the Bulge• Final major battle of

the war • on German border with

France and Belgium• December, 1944

• 1945• Germans surrender in

May • War in Europe is over

• After the war discover evidence of the holocaust.

TERMS #3

• Bataan Death March• Navajo Code Talkers• Battle of Midway• Nuremberg Trials• Douglas MacArthur• Harry Truman• Manhattan Project• Hiroshima / Nagasaki• Chester Nimitz• George C. Marshall

WAR IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC

• Japan was successful first two years.• Bataan Death March • 1942• American and Filipino

prisoners were marched 60 miles through the jungle with no food

• About 5000 Americans died.

BATTLE PLAN

• US regains superiority• Island-Hopping: • Liberating islands in random order

• Navajo code Talkers: • Code could not be broken

• Battle of Midway• turning point. (Adm. Nimitz)

• Douglas MacArthur• Army commander

• Assault on Okinawa was similar to D-Day• Chief of Staff• George C. Marshall

MANHATTAN PROJECT

• Albert Einstein • (German refugee) • informs President Roosevelt that the

Germans are developing an atomic bomb.

• Organizes the Manhattan Project in order to develop one.• Roosevelt died several months

after his fourth electoral victory• Harry S Truman is left to decide

about dropping the bomb.

THE BOMB IS DROPPED

• In Hiroshima and Nagasaki• Truman felt that it saved American lives.• Japan surrenders in August of 1945

NUREMBERG TRIALS, 1945-1946• The end of the war revealed the full extent

of Nazi terrorism.• Surviving Nazi leaders were put on trial• Many were hanged or imprisoned.• The trials demonstrated that individuals are

responsible for their actions, even in times of war.

DIVISION OF GERMANY

• Germany is divided into four zones • U.S., Britain, France, Soviet Union

• Occupying powers “denazified” Germany• Hitler’s efforts succeeded in

discrediting racism, anti-Semitism, Social Darwinism, eugenics, and similar ideas.• This will have a major impact

on the later Civil Rights Movement.

OCCUPATION OF JAPAN

• General MacArthur was assigned the task of rebuilding• Japan lost their overseas empire.• Military leaders were put on trial and

punished.• Japan renounced the use of nuclear

weapons • Agreed not to wage war.