192777640 Conveyor Belt Handbook

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CONVEYOR BELT

HAND BOOK

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Forew ord

This CONVEYOR HANDBOOK is provided by to allow desigers to sele!t the !orre!tspe!i"i!atio beltig "or ay parti!#lar istallatio$ This is %#st a geeral g#idelie ad "ialde!isios are to be ta&e by the #ser based o a!t#al wor&ig !oditios$

'roperties o" "abri!s #sed i 'olyester Nylo (#lti)ply beltig !ostr#!tios are give i detail*while the geeral properties ad appli!atio areas o" spe!ial (#lti)ply !ostr#!tios* solidwove* Ara(id ad steel beltig are also show$

The #se o" vario#s at#ral ad sytheti! r#bbers with these rei"or!e(ets "or hadlig

di""eret servi!e !oditios is set o#t "or the desiger$

Desig !osideratios a""e!tig power de(ads* belt !#rves* trasitios et!$* are provided$

+hilst #sers are vitally iterested i these desig !osideratios "or !oveyors* there is aspe!ial se!tio o "a#lt diagosis to eable #sers to ideti"y !a#ses o" tro#bles whi!h (ayo!!#r ad !orre!t the( be"ore belt da(age either o!!#rs or be!o(es e,teded$

The layo#t o" this (a#al ad easy approa!h to belt desig will be readily "ollowed by beltdesig egieers$

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I ndex

1 . Mate r ia l o ! "ont r#" t ion

Rei"or!e(ets ---------------------------- . ) .

/eeral 'roperties --------------------------$$ . ) 0

$ . Be l t a%a" i t ie

Capa!ity Cal!#latios -------------------------$ 1 ) .'roperties o" 2aterials -------------------------$ 1 ) 1

& . Be l t 'ower and Ten ion

Belt 'ower Cal!#latios 3or(#lae -------------------$ 0 ) .Cal!#latio o" 2a,i(#( Tesios -$------------------$$ 0 ) 4/rad#ated 5dler 6pa!igs -----------------------$$$ 0 ) 73eeder Belt Cal!#latios ------------------------$ 0 ) 8A!!eleratio ad De!eleratio ---------------------$$ 0 ) .9Appli!atio o" 3or!es -------------------------$$ 0 ) .:Algebrai! 6igs o" Coveyor 3or!es ------------------$$ 0 ) .4

Coastig -------------------------------$$ 0 ) .;Che!&


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2 . De i-n on ide ra t ion

2#ltiple 6lope ad Verti!al C#rve Coveyors --------------$$$ 7 ) .Ter(ial Tro#ghig 5dler Arrage(ets -----------------$ 7 ) :

Trasitios -------------------------$$-----$7 ) :Ta&e ) >p Arrage(ets ------------------------$$ 7 ) 4

3 . ,enera l Da ta

Belt 2ass ad thi!&ess---------$$---------------$ ? ) .6hippig di(esios ad roll si@es-----------$------$$$-$$ ? ) .


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1 0

1 . Mate r ia l o ! "ont r#" t ion

Rei"or!e(ets ----------------------------$$. ./eeral 'roperties --------------------------- . 0

Table . Rei"or!e(et 3abri!s ------------------- . 1Table 1A Cover Co(po#ds --------------------$$$ . :Table 1B Heat Resistat Belts -------------------- . 4Table 1C Oil Che(i!al Resistat ------------------ . ;Table 1D 3ire Resistat Ati 6tati! Belts --------------$$ . 7

1 . M a te r ia l o ! " o n tr# " t io n

The !o(positio o" a !oveyor belt !a be !osidered i two parts

A$ The Car!ass* whether ply type te,tile or steel !ord !ostr#!tio* whi!h (#st haves#""i!iet stregth to hadle the operatig tesios ad to s#pport the load$

B$ The Covers* whi!h (#st have the re=#ired physi!al properties ad !he(i!al resista!e toprote!t the !ar!ass ad give the !oveyor belt a e!oo(i!al li"e spa$

The geeral properties ad the appli!atio #sage o" the (ore e!oo(i!al availablerei"or!e(et "abri!s ad r#bber !o(po#ds are dis!#ssed i this se!tio$

REINFORCEMENTS

Fabrics

3abri!s that are !o((oly #sed as rei"or!e(et i !oveyor belts are show i Table . o"this 6e!tio

The "abri! desigatio idi!ates the (aterial #sed i both warp ad we"t* e$g$ E' sigi"ies thatthe "abri! has 'olyester warp "ibers ad Nylo we"t "ibers$

The #lti(ate stregth o" the belt i &ilo ewtos per (etre width is show alog with the#(ber o" plies$ E'.999F: desigates a belt with "o#r plies o" polyester warp* ylo we"t "abri!ad a #lti(ate "#ll)belt tesile stregth o" .999 &NF($ Alteratively the belt !a be o"tedes!ribed as : ply E'149 where the stregth o" the idivid#al plies is show$

The allowable wor&ig tesios allo!ated are show i tables . ad 1 i se!tio :$

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GENERAL PROPERTIES OF BELT COVERS AND GRADES

The "ollowig tables give a !o(pariso o" geeral !hara!teristi!s o" poly(ers #sed i beltig!o(po#ds$

6pe!ial !o(po#dig !a res#lt i s#bstatial !hages to these geeral poly(er properties$

/eerally !oveyor belts are s#pplied with ele!tri!al resista!e i the ati)stati! rage adsho#ld ot be #sed "or ele!tri!al is#latio$ 6pe!ial o)!od#!tive grades are available ore=#est$

There are "o#r separate tables

Belts for Mining !"arr#ing an$ General Ser%ice

&eat Resistant belts

Oil an$ C'e(ical Resistant gra$es

Fire Resistant an$ Anti)static belts

Notes re"erred to i these tables are

.$ Available with e,teded o@oe resista!e !apabilities o spe!ial re=#est$

1$ The low te(perat#re per"or(a!e "ig#res give i the table are represetative o" geeralp#rpose !o(po#ds i ea!h !lassi"i!atio$ Belts "or operatio at lower te(perat#res thathose give are available o re=#est$

0$ The high te(perat#re per"or(a!e "ig#res give i the table are represetative o" sit#atioswhere the belt is s#b%e!t to relatively log e,pos#res o" bla&etig heat$ Cosiderably higherte(perat#re b#l& (aterial !a o"te be !arried i vetilated sit#atios or where the belt s#r"a!e!a be shielded to so(e e,tet by a prote!tive layer o" !ooled "ies$

:$ Resist (ost a!ids e,!ept !o!etrated strogly o,idisig ie$* 6#lph#ri!* Nitri! ad theirderivatives$

4$ 3ire resistat ad ati)stati! grades

/RADE 6 (eets A6:;9; "or >NDER/RO>ND COA< 25N5N/$/RADE E* 3 "ire resistat ad ati)stati! ) (ostly "or ENCND >6E/RADE K "ire retardat ad ati)stati! ) (eets 26HA 1/ ad 56O:00 re=#ire(ets

;$ Resists (ost oils however resista!e (ay vary greatly depedig o the type o" oil$

7$ 2ay have poor resista!e to oils with low ailie poits$

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(. Belt Car"a )ele"tion

Belt Constr"ction Re*"ire(ents +++++++++++++++++++ , ) -

Consi$erations +.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++ , ) -

Proce$"re +++..+++++++++++++++++++++++++ , ) /

Table .A Allowable +or&ig Tesios 6tadard !ostr#!tios-----$$ : ) 0Table .B Allowable +or&ig Tesios Coal 2aster series-------$$ : ) :Table 1A


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3or severe servi!e !oditios* poor (aitea!e* very hot (aterials* !he(i!ally aggressiveeviro(et* severe i(pa!t ad short ti(e !y!les et!$* red#!e the tabled "ig#res by 09G$Tesio o startig or bra&ig sho#ld ot e,!eed .;9G o" the res#ltig rated tesio$

Safet# factors

The wor&ig tesios show o these tables are based o the appli!atio o" a sa"ety "a!tor o";$7. o the stregth o" the belt at the spli!e or "asteed %oi$ The sa"ety "a!tor is i!reased "or(ore di""i!#lt operatig !oditios with "#rther restri!tios applyig "or startig ad bra&ig$

Starting an$ bra3ing tensions

A !he!& sho#ld always be (ade !o(parig the a!!eleratio or bra&ig tesio with theallowable pea& tesio "or the belt* i$e$ .:9G o" rated wor&ig tesio$ 5" the pea& tesioe,!eeds the latter "ig#re* a stroger belt !a be sele!ted or the !hoi!e o" !otrol (#st be

!haged to red#!e pea& tesio$

Mec'anical fasteners

+E always re!o((ed hot v#l!aised spli!es "or plai weave plied beltig$ Other!ostr#!tios i!l#dig the Crows 3oot +eave* Do#ble +eave ad 6olid +ove 'VC !a bes#!!ess"#lly operated at !lose to v#l!ai@ed %oit tesios "or log periods o" ti(e whereasplai weave !ostr#!tios geerally operate at red#!ed tesios whe "itted with (e!hai!al"asteers

Re!o((eded pre!a#tios i!l#dig "re=#et ispe!tio ad (oitorig* ay


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* . o+e r ,a#- e and #a l i t ie

Consi$erations+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 ) -

Selection++++++.+++++++++++++++++++++++++.. 6 ) -

P"lle# si$e co%er++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 ) -

Table - To2 Co%er T'ic3ness ++++++++++++++++++++++ 6 7 /

* . o+e r -a#-e and :#a l i ti e

CONSIDERATIONS

There are a #(ber o" "a!tors that (#st be ta&e ito a!!o#t whe sele!tig the belt grade or

!over (aterial* s#!h as

3ire resista!e or ati)stati! properties

Resista!e to oils or !he(i!als

Te(perat#re o" the operatig eviro(et or !oveyed (aterial

Resista!e to ageig* weatherig ad o@oe$

The type o" (aterial beig !oveyed

The l#(p si@e ad shape o" the (aterial beig !oveyed

The (i, o" l#(ps ad "ies i the (aterial

The abrasiveess o" the (aterial

The (ethod o" loadig the belt The "all height o" (aterial to the belt

The !y!le ti(e o" the !oveyor "or a sigle revol#tio o" the belt

'er"or(a!e or e,perie!e i a si(ilar appli!atio

3or repla!e(et belts the per"or(a!e o" previo#s belts o the sa(e istallatio

Availability ad !ost

SELECTION

'revio#s e,perie!e will always be the best g#ide to the opti(#( sele!tio o" both the type

ad thi!&ess o" belt !over* however i" this i"or(atio is ot available as will be the !ase "orew istallatios* the "ollowig steps sho#ld be "ollowed$

3ro( table . 1 sele!t the (ost s#itable !over types o" !over or belt grades "or theappli!atio$ 5 so(e !ases stat#tory re=#ire(ets or the operatig !oditios will li(itsele!tios to oe or two possibilities$

Cal!#late the ti(e !y!le o" the !oveyor 1 , se table . as a g#ide to sele!t the appropriate thi!&ess o" top !over$ Cosideratiosho#ld be give to the appli!able properties o" the !over i (a&ig this sele!tio$

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3or di""i!#lt appli!atios s#!h as belt "eeders* or i(pa!t belts* heavier !overs (ay be re=#ired$

P0LLE8 SIDE COVER

As a g#ide* p#lley side !over sho#ld geerally be ot less tha .F: o" !arry side !over "or!overs #p to 8(( ad abo#t .F0 o" !arry !over thi!&ess "or !overs heavier tha 8(($

Operatig !oditios !a di!tate that heavier p#lley side !overs are re=#ired$

3or log !etre* log ti(e !y!le !oveyors* p#lley side !over !a be #p to .F1 o" !arry side!over$

/ . '# l l e0 D ia ete r

Parallel face 2"lle#s++++++++++++++++++++++++++.. 9 ) -

Cro4n face 2"lle#s+++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9 ) /

P"lle# face 4i$t'++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 9 ) /

Table . 6tadard !ostr#!tios operatig at over ;9G o" allowable wor&ig tesio ------ ; ) 0

Table 1 6tadard !ostr#!tios operatig at 09 ) ;9G o" allowable wor&ig tesio -$----- ; ) :

/ . '# l l e0 d ia ete r

The (ii(#( p#lley dia(eter re!o((eded "or a parti!#lar belt depeds #po three "a!tors

Car!ass Thi!&ess The wire rope dia(eter i the !ase o" 6teel Cord belts$ ) The overall thi!&ess o" all plies pl#s the r#bber s&i(s betwee

plies i the !ase o" 'ly Type belts$ )The overall thi!&ess o" the thi!& wove "abri! separatig the top

ad botto( !overs i the !ase o" 6olid)wove belts$

Operatig Tesio The relatioship o" the operatig tesio o" the belt at theparti!#lar p#lley to the beltIs Allowable +or&ig Tesio$

Car!ass (od#l#s The relatioship betwee elogatio o" the !ar!ass ad theres#ltig stress$

+hatever the !ar!ass type* 6teel Cord* 'ly Type or 6olid +ove* whe the belt is bet aro#da s(all radi#s* tesio stresses are developed i the o#ter "ibers while !o(pressio stressesare b#ilt #p i the ier "ibers$ At a give tesio* i" the radi#s is too s(all the elasti! li(it o"the o#ter "ibers (ay be e,!eeded ad "ra!t#re* ad at the sa(e ti(e* the !o(pressio o" theier "ibers (ay !a#se severe !ri&lig ad evet#al ply separatio$

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6i!e the elasti! properties o" the r#bber or 'VC !over (aterial is so (#!h greater tha the!ar!ass (aterial* the !over thi!&ess o" the beltig is ot a "a!tor i deter(iig (ii(#(p#lley si@e* ad (ay be igored$

The tables o" re!o((eded p#lley dia(eters i the 5N35N5TY hadboo& "or 'ly Type beltig

are based o the three !lasses o" p#lleys de"ied i 56O 0;?:$ vi@$J

Type A High tesio F tight side p#lleys T. e$g$ head* drive* tripper ad sh#ttlep#lleys

Type B


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towards the !etre over a dista!e o" .F: p#lley "a!e$ 5t is (ore !orre!t to relate the a(o#t o"p#lley!row to the p#lley dia(eter* ot to its "a!e width$ Vi@$J $ : D ) ;.;;< = D

P0LLE8 FACE 5IDT&

As all belts ted to wader a bit i operatio* the overall "a!e width o" the p#lleys sho#lde,!eed thebelt width by the "ollowig (ii(#( a(o#ts* i" serio#s edge da(age is to be avoidedJ

Belts #p to ;49(( wide -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ .99((

Belts 749 to .:99(( wide -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ .49((

Belts over .:99(( wide -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ -$ 199((

3or !oveyors b#ilt o #stable gro#d* as i #dergro#d !oal (ies ad very log overlad!oveyors* the above allowa!es sho#ld be i!reased by 49(($

2 . De i-n on ide ra t ion

M"lti2le Slo2e an$ Vertical C"r%e Con%e#ors ++++++++++++++.. > ) -

Ter(inal Tro"g'ing I$ler Arrange(ents +++++++++++++++++. > ) ,

Transitions +++++++++++++++++++++++++..++++... > ) ,

Ta3e 7 02 Arrange(ents ++++++++++++++++++++++++. > ) 6

Table . Average Elasti! 2od#l#s MEI ------------$- 7 ) 0Table 1 Trasitio Dista!es "or Head '#lleys --------- 7 ) :Table 0 Trasitio Dista!es "or Tail Ed


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3. ,eneral Data

Belt Mass and thickness..,,,,,,,,,,, 8 - 1

Shipping dimensions and roll sizes.... 8 - 1

Length of belt on a roll... 8 - 2

Belt transport gidelines. 8 - !

Table 1 Belt carcass mass and thickness standard constructions 8 - 4

Table 2 Belt carcass mass and thickness Coal Master series 8 - 5

Table 3 Belt carcass and cover mass actors!! 8 "

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MISSING TABLE

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4. )olid 5o+en eltin-

Belt constrction. " - 1

Belt and co#er thickness.. " - 2

$perating temperatre range.. " - 2

$perating factor of safet%. " - 2

Safet%. " - 2

Table 1 Belt #esi$nations!! !!!! 11 2

4. )olid 5o+en 7eltin-

B&L' ($)S'*+('$)

%ena&last conve'or beltin$ consists o three main com&onents( -

Te)tile *olid +oven Carcass

,C .m&re$nation

Cover Material

'& '&'L& (/*(/SS

The solid-/oven carcass is $enerall' /oven /ith n'lon or &ol'ester load bearin$ /ar& ibers and n'lonor n'lon0cotton /et! *'nthetic binder 'arns ollo/ a com&le) &attern to $ive the carcass its solid-/oven&ro&erties! arious combinations o s'nthetic and natural ibers are chosen to$ether /ith the abricdesi$n to meet the reuirements o im&act resistance belt elon$ation le)ibilit' or trou$hin$ and smalldiameter &ulle's load su&&ort and astener retention! The &atented %ena&last ,C im&re$nationmethod also renders the carcass im&ervious to attach rom moisture dirt chemicals bacteria and oils!Cotton &ile /ar& 'arns ma' be included or im&roved im&act resistance and s&ecial ed$e reinorcementcan be included /here these are &articular &roblems! The %ena&last carcass desi$n acilit' enablesusers to choose the &ro&erties o a custom-built belt!

ll %ena&last belts have a solid /oven carcass /here all la'ers o 'arn are mechanicall' interlocked

durin$ the /eavin$ &rocess and bound to$ether b' a sel bindin$ /ar& 'arn inter/eave thus makin$subseuent delimitation im&ossible! i$h tenacit' continuous ilament s'nthetic 'arns are used or the/ar& ie len$th direction such 'arns also &rovide most o the necessar' stren$th in the /et6transverse0/idth direction!

0( M0*&)/'$)

ter /eavin$ the roll o carcass is vacuum im&re$nated /ith ,C &lastisol containin$ a careul blend o&ol'mer &lastici7ers stabilisers ire retardants and s&ecial additives /ith s&ecial attention bein$ $ivento viscosit' control in order to ensure ull im&re$nation o the /oven structure!

+hilst the te)tile elements i) man' o the belts &ro&erties such as tensile stren$th and elon$ation inservice the &ro&erties o the &lastisol are euall' im&ortant and its ormulation /ill inluence not onl'

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the ire &erormance &ro&erties but also o&erational actors such as trou$habilit' and the abilit' to holdasteners!

($&* M/'&*/L

PVC co%ers

,C covers to meet numerous ire resistance s&eciications or or other &ro&erties such as resistanceto oils chemicals ertili7er etc! are $enerall' available u& to 3mm thick &er side! The' can also becom&ounded to $ive im&roved abrasion resistance or coeicients o riction!

R"bber co%ers

9ubber covers to a s&eciied saet' standard ma' be a&&lied on one or both sides o a ,Cim&re$nation &arent belt u& to a ma)imum o "mm : 2mm de&endent on belt /idth tensile andconstruction! *9 /ear-resistant nitrile rubber covers are also available sin$le or double sided u&

to "mm : 2mm ma)imum de&endent on belt construction!

B&L' /)3 ($&* '(4)&SS

+hen considerin$ cover thickness the user should be a/are o the thick hi$h te)tile content o%ena&last and the s&ecial solid-/oven carcass &ro&erties! Conseuentl' thinner covers ma' $enerall'be chosen than normal /ith rubber &lied beltin$; the %ena&last carcass bein$ more substantial and&rovidin$ the necessar' load su&&ort and im&act resistance!

$0&*/') '&M0&*/'+*& */)&

bove oints a actor o saet' o 8(1 ma' be acce&table!

S/5&'6

%ena&last is used e)tensivel' in under$round coal mines and as such it e)hibits e)cellent %ire9esistant nti-*tatic &ro&erties!

.n ustralia it is manuactured to * 1332 and is tested to *1334!

.t meets or e)ceeds all o the reuirements o * 4"="-2===!

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16. Tro#7le )8ootin-

eneral Maintenance ..... 17 1

Loading point considerations.. 17 - 2

*andom e#ents 17 - 9

'robleshooting ... 17 - :

16. Tro#7le 8ootin-

&)&*/L M/)'&)/)(&

Conve'or beltin$ re&resents a ver' si$niicant &ortion o the overall &lant cost and as such/arrants re$ular ins&ection and maintenance to &rotect this investment! Broadl' s&eakin$a&art rom normal /ear rubber conve'or beltin$ ails throu$h chemical attack or mechanicaldama$e in one orm or another!

(hemicals such as all $reases oils solvents and animal ats should be removed assoon as detected rom belts not desi$ned to handle these materials! *usce&tible beltsincludin$ all natural rubber belts should be /ashed do/n /ith /ater and deter$entimmediatel' ater contamination!

$zone is a common cause o &remature ailure in natural rubber and man' s'ntheticand rubber belts &articularl' /hen o&eratin$ near the sea enclosed near electricalmachiner' or in a salt' environment! .?%.?.T@ belts are su&&lied /ith hi$h levels oo7one resistance and this level o &rotection can be increased b' s&ecial reuest at thetime o orderin$ or e)treme conditions!

Mechanical damage is best &revented b' clean desi$n and erection 6no >a$$ed ed$es$ood &ath clearance $enerous belt &aths reuent checkin$ and &rom&t remed'in$ oall aults!

Belt cleaners &erorm a ver' im&ortant role in the &rotection o the belt! ,ro&erl' sitedand itted the' &rotect the belt rom dama$e throu$h(

o Tra&&in$ o material bet/een return belt li$ht and &ulle'!

o Belt /ander throu$h runnin$ o as material orms a cro/n on the &ulle'!

o #ama$e to &ulle' ace throu$h belt ed$e sla&&in$ and $rindin$ at the &ulle' ace

ed$es!o *&ill rom the return side buildin$ u& under the belt to dama$e both belt and

return idlers!o Belt cleaners must be selected careull' and deserve reuent attention!

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dlers - ll nois' idler should be looked at immediatel'! ll >ammed orbroken idlers should be removed immediatel'! ot idlers should be hosed do/n andremain under su&ervision /hilst the conve'or is sto&&in$ and do/n to ambienttem&erature! .t must be removed immediatel' the conve'or is sto&&ed! >ammed idlercauses increased riction resultin$ in e)cess cover /ear hi$her &o/er consum&tion andma' create suicient heat to start a ire /hen the belt sto&s!

0lle%s - Material tra&&ed bet/een a &ulle' and the belt ma' cause belt/ander and i hard lum&s are &resent ma' ru&ture the belt! ,lou$h cleaners should beitted /herever a s&ill onto the return belt is carried onto a &ulle'! This is crucial at hi$htension &ulle's but can lead to trackin$ and loadin$ &roblems ater the tail &ulle'!

'ake-p ma' be a#to(ati! or (a#al. The utomatic Take-u& is the mostdesirable as &ro&erl' maintained it is able to maintain the correct tension in the belt under allnormal o&eratin$ conditions includin$ startin$ runnin$ sto&&in$ and chan$es in belt len$thcaused b' chan$es in ambient and o&eratin$ tem&erature !

. or an' reason the utomatic Take-u& travel becomes restricted or >ammed belt sli&&a$e at the drivema' occur this /ill cause e)treme dama$e to the belt!

The Manual Take-A& has the advanta$es o com&actness and lo/ cost ho/ever it is unable tomaintain o&timum tension throu$h the normal o&eratin$ conditions includin$ startin$ runnin$ sto&&in$and chan$es in belt len$th caused b' chan$es in ambient and o&eratin$ tem&erature!

Be a;are o abnormal or chan$ed noises emanatin$ rom the conve'or as these i let unattendedcould lead to a ire $earbo) or &ulle' 0 cou&lin$ ailure to name >ust t/o items! The ollo/in$ &lantitems should be reuentl' listened to and looked at! nal'se the &roblem and take maintenance&recautions!

L$/3) 0$)' ($)S3&*/'$)S8

o% cover &! "e %ro%er,&n&,#,- b# &( "e l)''&n' &! o be 'roove$ ) ,&n&,#, o( 1>4 o% cover ,#! be #!e$+

Bole$ l)''&n' &! #!#)lly )%%l&e$ &n wo or ,ore c&rc#,(eren&)l !r&%!- )%%l&e$ #n$er en!&on w&" "e

%o&n! &n "e $&((eren !r&%! !)''ere$ )ro#n$ "e %#lley+ ?n (l)()ce$ %#lley!- one !r&% "e w&$" o(

"e %#lley ,)y be #!e$+

or o%en en$ %#lley! 5>16 or 3>8 $&),eer (l) "e)$ elev)or bol! w&" n#! ,)y be #!e$+ Alern)e

,e"o$! &ncl#$e !loe$ bol! w&" )%%e$ "ole! or !el( )%%&n' !crew! (or #!e &n wel$e$ !eel %#lley!+ I

&! nece!!)ry ") "e bol "e)$! be !#n* below "e level o( "e !#rro#n$&n' l)''&n' o %reven $),)'e o

"e bel )! & %)!!e! over "e %#lley+ T"&! ,)y be )cco,%l&!"e$ by co#ner!&n*&n' "e "ole! &n "e %#lley

or- w"ere "e l)''&n' cover &! 're)er ")n )bo# 1>8- & &! %o!!&ble o !&n* "e "e)$! ,erely by&'"en&n' "e bol!+

En$! o( "e !r&%! !"o#l$ be bole$ &n ) $ove)&l ;o&n )! !"own &n &'+ 27+ In )$$&&on- bol! !"o#l$ be

#!e$ &n row! r#nn&n' )cro!! "e ()ce )n$ )ro#n$ "e c&rc#,(erence o( "e %#lley! no (#r"er ")n 10

)%)r &n e&"er $&rec&on+ E$'e! o( )ll !r&%! !"o#l$ be bole$ $own )n$ & &! reco,,en$e$ ") )ll

e/%o!e$ ()br&c e$'e! be ce,ene$ o *ee% o# ,o&!#re+

2. :#lc)n&=e$ l)''&n' &! ) !"ee o( r#bber- #!#)lly 1>2 "&c*- bon$e$ $&recly o "e ,e)l+ No ()br&c &!

#!e$ bec)#!e no bol"ol$&n' re&n(orce,en &! nee$e$+ I &! ,#c" lon'er we)r&n'- ")! beer )n$ ,ore

#n&(or, )$"e!&on o "e %#lley )n$ el&,&n)e! "e ")=)r$ o( !er&o#! bel $),)'e $#e o ) loo!e bol+

T"&! y%e o( l)''&n' c)n be )%%l&e$ &n wo $&((eren w)y!

Documents

192777640 Conveyor Belt Handbook