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all maps: jim mcmahon/mapman™

skills sheet rh 7

®

Junior ScholaStic • april 1, 2013 • page 1 0f 2

name: Date:

Two peoples—Israeli Jews and Palestinian Arabs—claim the same homeland in the area historically known as Palestine. These maps show how borders in the area changed during significant events of the 20th century. Study them, then answer the questions.

reading hiStorical MapS

Changing Borders

MediterraneanSea Mediterranean

SeaDead Sea

Gulf of Suez

EGYPT

TRANSJORDAN(British Mandate)

SYRIA(French Mandate)

LEBANON(French Mandate)

PALESTINE(British Mandate)

Eilat

Tel Aviv

Haifa

JerusalemGaza

Jewish state

Arab state

Internationalzone

EGYPT

TRANSJORDAN

SYRIALEBANON

Eilat

Tel Aviv

Gaza

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

0 50 mi

0 80 km

0 50 mi

0 80 km

SUEZ

CAN

AL

SUEZ

CAN

AL

Haifa

SINAIPENINSULA

SINAIPENINSULA

Jerusalem

1922: British Mandate 1947: U.N. Partition Plan 1967: After the Six-Day War

MediterraneanSea

Tel Aviv

Jerusalem

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

Dead Sea

Gulf of Suez

EGYPT

JORDAN

SYRIA

LEBANON

ISRAELGaza Strip

West Bank

Golan Heights

Eilat

Haifa

Gaza

IsraelOccupiedby IsraelTerritorialborder

SUEZ

CAN

AL

SINAIPENINSULA

Gulf of Suez

Dead Sea

0 50 mi

0 80 km

JerusalemJerusalem Jerusalem

MediterraneanSea Mediterranean

SeaDead Sea

Gulf of Suez

EGYPT

TRANSJORDAN(British Mandate)

SYRIA(French Mandate)

LEBANON(French Mandate)

PALESTINE(British Mandate)

Eilat

Tel Aviv

Haifa

JerusalemGaza

Jewish state

Arab state

Internationalzone

EGYPT

TRANSJORDAN

SYRIALEBANON

Eilat

Tel Aviv

Gaza

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

0 50 mi

0 80 km

0 50 mi

0 80 km

SUEZ

CAN

AL

SUEZ

CAN

AL

Haifa

SINAIPENINSULA

SINAIPENINSULA

Jerusalem

1922: British Mandate 1947: U.N. Partition Plan 1967: After the Six-Day War

MediterraneanSea

Tel Aviv

Jerusalem

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

Dead Sea

Gulf of Suez

EGYPT

JORDAN

SYRIA

LEBANON

ISRAELGaza Strip

West Bank

Golan Heights

Eilat

Haifa

Gaza

IsraelOccupiedby IsraelTerritorialborder

SUEZ

CAN

AL

SINAIPENINSULA

Gulf of Suez

Dead Sea

0 50 mi

0 80 km

JerusalemJerusalem JerusalemMediterranean

Sea MediterraneanSeaDead Sea

Gulf of Suez

EGYPT

TRANSJORDAN(British Mandate)

SYRIA(French Mandate)

LEBANON(French Mandate)

PALESTINE(British Mandate)

Eilat

Tel Aviv

Haifa

JerusalemGaza

Jewish state

Arab state

Internationalzone

EGYPT

TRANSJORDAN

SYRIALEBANON

Eilat

Tel Aviv

Gaza

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

0 50 mi

0 80 km

0 50 mi

0 80 km

SUEZ

CAN

AL

SUEZ

CAN

AL

Haifa

SINAIPENINSULA

SINAIPENINSULA

Jerusalem

1922: British Mandate 1947: U.N. Partition Plan 1967: After the Six-Day War

MediterraneanSea

Tel Aviv

Jerusalem

SAUDI ARABIA

Gulf of Aqaba

Dead Sea

Gulf of Suez

EGYPT

JORDAN

SYRIA

LEBANON

ISRAELGaza Strip

West Bank

Golan Heights

Eilat

Haifa

Gaza

IsraelOccupiedby IsraelTerritorialborder

SUEZ

CAN

AL

SINAIPENINSULA

Gulf of Suez

Dead Sea

0 50 mi

0 80 km

JerusalemJerusalem Jerusalem

Until World War I (1914-1918), the Turkish Ottoman Empire had controlled most of the Middle East for centuries. Great Britain was part of the alliance that defeated the Central Powers (including the Ottomans), and it retained control of Palestine after the war. In 1922, the League of Nations (a forerunner of the United Nations) approved Britain’s mandate (authority) there.

In exchange for Arab support in the war, Britain had offered to back Palestinian Arab independence. At the same time, Britain promised to support the creation of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. Now Britain had conflicting obligations.

Throughout the 1930s, Jewish immigration heightened tensions with Palestinians. Then, after World War II (1939-1945), the United Nations (U.N.) proposed a partition (division) that would split Palestine into Arab and Jewish states (above). The Jews agreed to the plan, but Arabs rejected it. After Israel declared itself a nation in May 1948, Egypt, Syria, and Jordan (then called Transjordan) attacked. When Israel won the war in early 1949, it controlled more of Palestine than it would have under the U.N. partition. More than 600,000 Palestinians had fled or were forced from their homes.

Arab countries and Israel again came to blows in the Six-Day War of 1967. During the conflict, Israel gained the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip from Egypt, the West Bank and East Jerusalem from Jordan, and the Golan Heights from Syria. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians came under Israel’s control of these occu-pied territories. Israeli settlers also began moving into the Palestinian areas of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. Palestinians became more organized, especially through the Palestinian Liberation Organization (P.L.O). Some turned to violence, even acts of terrorism.

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skills sheet rh 7

®

Junior ScholaStic • april 1, 2013 • page 2 0f 2

name: Date:

1. Who ruled much of the middle east until World War i?

________________________________________________________________

2. Who was given control of palestine after that war?

________________________________________________________________

3. to whom did that country give promises of support in palestine?

________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

4. Which other european country

had a mandate in the Middle east, and where? ______________________________

________________________________________________________________

5. What are the dates of three arab-israeli wars mentioned here?

________________________________________________________________

6. from which country did israel gain the golan heights, and when?

________________________________________________________________

7. israel returned which area to egypt in 1979?

________________________________________________________________

8. Jewish settlers were withdrawn from which area in 2005?

________________________________________________________________

9. Which city was designated an international zone by the u.n. partition plan?

________________________________________________________________

10. What palestinian area on the Mediterranean coast is smaller than it would have been under the u.n. plan?

________________________________________________________________

questions

Y ears of sporadic fighting between Arabs and Israelis finally led to another major war. In October 1973,

Egypt and Syria again attacked Israel in what became known as the Yom Kippur War. Although the Arab countries scored some early victories with a surprise attack, Israel, with U.S. help, pushed those armies back. The war ended in January 1974.

In the years since, there has been some progress toward peace. After the two countries signed a treaty in 1979, Israel returned the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt. Israel’s relations with Palestinians have been more complicated. In 1993, Israel and the P.L.O. agreed on beginning a process of Palestinian self-rule in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. Israel withdrew Jewish settlers from the Gaza Strip in 2005.

But the region today (right) remains troubled. Israel retains control of the Golan Heights. The Palestinian faction Hamas, which controls the Gaza Strip, advocates the destruction of Israel. Hundreds of thousands of Israeli settlers in the West Bank also lead many observers to fear that any solution to conflict with Palestinians is years away.

EGYPT

ISRAEL JORDAN

SINAIPENINSULA

M

ed i te r r a

ne

an

Se

a

GAZASTRIP

Jerusalem

Haifa

Tel Aviv

SYRIA

LEBANON

WESTBANK

Dead Sea

Sea ofGalilee

GOLANHEIGHTS

International borderTerritorial borderFull or partialPalestinian Arabcontrol Area occupiedby Israel0 50 MI

0 50 KM

The Region Today