WORLD WAR I1914-1918

Triple Entente

France Britain Russia

Became known as the Allies

Triple Alliance

Germany Austria-Hungary Italy Ottoman Empire

Became known as the Central Powers

What event actually started the fighting in World War I?

1914 assassination of Archduke Ferdinand in Sarajevo.

What was Germany’s Schlieffen Plan? Germany’s strategy to win WWI.

•Hold Russia back

•Invade Belgium

•Defeat France

•Combine German armies to defeat Russia

Europe 1914

What type of warfare was used in WWI?

Trench warfare

What was the land between the trenches called?

No man’s land

Western Front

What was America’s position at the beginning of the war?

Neutral`

What factors increased American sympathy for the Allies?

Feeling of common ancestry with Britain

Germany’s aggressiveness in Belgium

Propaganda Trade with the Allies

WWI video “The Western Front”

Why did America enter WWI? Sinking of Lusitania Sinking of the British liner, Arabic.

Germany promised not to do it again. Germany torpedoed French

passenger ship, Sussex. Germany promised not to do it again if Britain would lift the blockade.

Germany resumed unrestricted submarine warfare.

Zimmerman Note- trying to ally Germany and Mexico against the U.S.

Sinking of unarmed American merchant ships

Russia became a representative government making the Allies all democratic governments.

April 1917- America declared war.

Read Zimmerman Note and answer the 3 questions.

How did America prepare for War? Military: Congress passed the Selective

Service Act in May 1917 to help raise an army.

400,000 were African American 20% were immigrants. U.S. sent 2,000,000 troops to the

front. General John J. Pershing commanded

the American Expeditionary Forces.

Mobilizing for War: The economy had to change for war

production, and Wilson had power to fix prices and regulate some industries.

War Industries Board allocated raw materials and encouraged mass production for efficiency. It was headed by Bernard Baruch.

Railroad Administration regulated railroads.

Fuel Administration rationed coal, gas, and heating oil.

Food Administration was headed by Herbert Hoover, and its purpose was to conserve food.

How did the U.S. pay for the war? 1/3 was paid by taxes- income taxes

and taxes on goods Selling Liberty Bonds

The government used propaganda to gain support for the war. The committee on Public Information was headed by George Creel.

Types of Propaganda: Posters Victory Gardens Bond drives Pamphlets Booklets

Victory Garden

Consequences of Propaganda in the U.S. How did propaganda cause fear and

trouble in the U.S.?

It caused war hysteria especially directed towards German immigrants.

Lynching, tar and feather, books pulled from library shelves, German names changed, German no longer taught in schools

Espionage and Sedition Acts: 1917 and 1918

A person could be fined and imprisoned for interfering with the war effort.

Could not say anything that would show disloyalty to the government during the war.

Violated the 1st Amendment

Who was the target of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

Labor leaders and socialists

How did the war affect African Americans?

Racial factors in the South and the boll weevil infestation of cotton crops caused many African Americans to move north for better job opportunities.

Great Migration

How did the war affect women? Women filled jobs vacated by men at

war. They also worked as volunteers

during the war.

Women’s service during the war gave them public support for the suffrage movement and helped to pass the 19th Amendment.

How did the flu epidemic affect the United States?

It affected the economy with worker shortages and closures.

It killed an estimated 500,000 Americans.

End of World War INov 3, 1918

Austria-Hungary

surrendered

Nov 9, 1918 Kaiser

Wilhelm gave up

the throne

Nov 11, 1918

Germany signed the armistice

Wilson’s 14 Points

Key issues: Tariffs Imperialism Boundary changes to allow ethnic

groups to form their own countries League of nations- Forum for nations

Treaty of Versailles

Ended WWI Established 9 new nations Germany could not maintain an army Germany had to admit guilt and pay

reparations Returned Alsace-Lorraine region to

France

Flaws of treaty

Humiliated Germany with the war-guilt clause and reparations

Stripped Germany of Pacific colonies so that they had no money to pay reparations

Russia lost territory Ignored the colonies and their

governments.

Treaty Opposition

Herbert Hoover- said the terms were too harsh.

Henry Cabot Lodge- wanted the right of Congress to declare war included in the treaty.

American Isolationism

Legacy of War:

“Return to Normalcy” in the U.S. Strengthened the U.S. military Social changes for African Americans

and women Return of Nativism Massive European destruction 9 new European countries formed