1914-1918:1914-1918:The WorldThe World

at Warat War

By: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S.

Chappaqua, NYAnd Mrs. Sophia

CaramagnoMountain View H.S. Mountain View, CA

Please talk quietly with your group March 2

HW: Chapter 13, Sec. 2- Cornell Notes

Please find your project partners and write out on a single piece of paper what each person in your group will do for this project.

Make sure you know what Must be done and who will do each part.

Turn this in when you are done.

Please also put away books and pass back papers.

Part 2:Part 2:

Technology, Technology, Trenches and Trenches and the Western the Western

FrontFront

Please set up page

66A in your notebook in

Cornell Note Form.

WWI: TechnologyKey words NotesVocab Definitions

Green Questions Answers

Summary:

A Multi-Front War

What problems will Germany have fighting Both France and

Russia?

The Western The Western Front:Front:

A “War of A “War of AttritionAttrition””

Attrition- the constant gradual loss of personnel

and resources

Artillery Cannon Machine GunTrench

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfar

e

Dangers of Life in the Trenches of WWI

Poison GasMortars

Bombs

Cannons

Periscope

Barbed Wire

Machine Guns

Machine Guns

Barbed Wire

Giant Rats

Dead Bodies DecomposingInjured Soldiers Trapped

in Craters

Shell Shock

Water, Mud, and Disease

Cannons

No Man’s Land

Return to your WWI: Technology notes and add this question-

Of the following Dangers in Trench Warfare, which is the most terrifying? Which one is most likely to kill you? Which is the worst

way to die? Poison Gas Machine Guns Mortars Rats Disease Drowning

Please do not talk at this time March 3

Trench Warfare: “No Man’s Land”No Man’s Land- This stretch of land between the two

enemy lines earned its name because no one could get across it alive. Machine gun bullets, poison gas, dead bodies, craters from bombs, mortars, explosive shells, rats and injured enemy soldiers who were slowly dying of thirst and their wounds made this land deadly.

3. How will the horror of No Man’s Land affect the people that survive WWI?

Machine Gun

Poison Gas- Another deadly weapon, there were three main kinds of poison gas used. Each was heavier than air and would sink into the trenches. They were usually some kind of acid and killed by melting the soft tissue of victims like lungs and eyes. Gas was dangerous to use because it could be blown over your own side.

Poison Gas

Machine Guns- Machine guns could fire up to 600 bullets per minute. That is 10 bullets per second. The guns were placed to overlap their bullet streams. That kind of firepower perforated every soldier who ran against them. No one lived. In the battle of the Somme, a single side, the British, lost 58,000 men in a single day.

Gas: Chlorine Gas- Asphyxiant- Death by suffocation, turns

water in lungs and eyes to hydrochloric acid. Xylyl Bromide- Tearing Agent- inflammation of soft tissue

including mouth, nose and eyes so as to cause blindness and suffocation.

Mustard Gas- Blistering Agent- Acid on the skin, burns all soft tissue in contact with water like sweat or rain, like armpits, eyes, etc.

Guns: Machine Guns: Heavy:400 – 600 rounds per minute Light: 250 – 600 rounds per minute Artillery: Howitzers Light: Shells- 35-95 lbs. Range- 8-11K Yards Heavy:Shells- 100 – 1700 lbs. Range- 8-30K Yards

and if they were actually hit by a bomb, they could suffer death, dismemberment or be buried alive by collapsing trenches. Survivors often broke down. Suffering Shell Shock, they went into a kind of waking coma. Many never recovered from this mental disorder. The bombs and mortars left huge craters in No Man’s Land which later filled with water and rats.

Artillery- Artillery cannons fired mortars, explosive shells and bombs nearly every hour of every day. The noise was so loud that soldiers could not sleep for their two week turn at the front. They suffered excessive sleep deprivation, hallucinations and collapse at best

ArtilleryArtillery “Big Bertha”

Disease- Torrential rains left the trenches a swamp and everything rotted. Soldiers drowned when they were knocked unconscious. Bodies of dead comrades decomposed into the bottoms of trenches and craters. Skin rotted off the flesh of those who were living but couldn’t get out of the water. Soldiers got sick, and vomit and human waste filled the bottoms of the trenches as well. In these conditions, food and water went bad too. Nothing was safe. Soldiers also suffered from shell shock as their nervous systems shut down under the constant threat of death and the constant noise of bombs.

Shell Shock Trench Foot

These men are promised glory and honor for joining the war to prove their nation the best. They come home broken in body, mind and spirit.

What demands do you think they will put on the soldiers who take their place at the front?

Tanks French

English

German

British Tank at YpresTanks were the only weapon developed during the war that could keep people alive in the trenches and in “No Man’s Land.” Armored against small shells and machine gun bullets, they used caterpillar tracks to get over the craters and ditches of the trenches.

Trench fighting comes to an end, at last, with tanks.

This was the last Trench War (we haven't had another since),

but not the end of Tanks.

If tanks were invented to win a trench war, why do we still use

them today?

Please do not talk at this time Please do not talk at this time March March 4/54/5

HW: Prepare for your Library HW: Prepare for your Library Day. Print out extra copies of Day. Print out extra copies of your Research Log. Choose a your Research Log. Choose a

topic to investigate.topic to investigate.Finish your Technology Packet Finish your Technology Packet

Questions!Questions!

Get out your Notes on WWI Get out your Notes on WWI Technology out. We will finish Technology out. We will finish

these today!these today!

U-Boats

Submarines: Death under water. Sank supply and passenger ships for Germany.

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

1916 -1917

1917 - 1918

The Air WarThe Air War Airplanes-

Bi-Planes Zeppelins- Giant

Blimps

Originally, these air vehicles were used for reconnaissance (to spy from the air on the enemy’s position), but later machine guns were attached and bombs were loaded.

Then, Zeppelins and airplanes were used to bomb the enemy in the trenches and along strategic centers like railway lines and telegraph lines.

The Airplane

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

These men were some of the few recognizable heroes of the war.

The Zeppelin

See United Streaming

Silent Film Classic- 26:00

Technology Packets: Find a partner. Get a packet and a set of Questions. Read the packet together. Answer the questions on your own sheet of

paper (one per person) in Complete Sentences.

Number your answers but you do not need to write the questions.

Packets and questions will be on line if you do not finish in class.