Presented by: Steven Andrews

Introduction

Electricity is essential to modern life:

Both at home and on the job

○ Employees - engineers, electricians, electronic

technicians, and power line workers, > work with electricity

directly. Others, such as office workers and sales people,

work with it indirectly.

More importantly, we tend to overlook the hazards

electricity poses and fail to treat it with the respect

it deserves.

Introduction

Personal Protective Equipment

Controlling hazardous energy

Exposure and their effects

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Protecting employees: key element of any safety program.

A head injury can impair an employee for life or it can be fatal. Wearing a safety helmet or hard can and will help prevent injuries.

Hard hats: one of the easiest ways to protect an employee’s head from injuries Injury occurrence: objects fall from above

Bump their heads against fixed objects

Accidental head contact with electrical hazards.

Have clear instructions: Proper adjustment

Replacement of the suspension and headband.

Resist penetration by objects

Absorb the shock of a blow.

Be water-resistant and slow burning.

• :Class B hard hats provide highest level of protection against

electrical hazards;

high-voltage shock and burn protection

(up to 20,000 volts);

provide protection from impact

and penetration hazards by flying/falling objects.

head.

Personal Protective Equipment Special Purpose Shoes: Conductive and nonconductive

Electrical hazard, safety-toe shoes: Nonconductive

Prevents completing an electrical circuit to the ground

Protection: up to 600 volts in DRY conditions

Compromised: become wet, the soles are worn through, metal particles become embedded in the sole or heel, or workers touch conductive, grounded items.

Note: Nonconductive footwear must NOT be used in explosive or hazardous locations.

Electrically conductive shoes:

Same foot protection as standard safety toe shoes

Provide protection against the buildup of static electricity.

Employees working hazardous locations

Expl Manuf. facilities or grain elevators

○ reduce risk of static electricity buildup on body; produce sparks; cause a fire/explosion.

Personal Protective Equipment

Insulating Rubber Gloves: Shall be capable of withstanding an a-c proof-test voltage; 16-hour water

soak. (See chart 1)

Test Procedure: Gloves (right side out), fill with tap water, immersed in water to a depth that

is in accordance with Table 1. Water shall be (+) to (-) from the glove, as necessary, so that the water level is the same inside and outside the glove

Equipment that has been subjected to a minimum breakdown voltage test may NOT be used for electrical protection.

(Chart 1) AC proof test

Class of glove mm. | in.

_______________________

1.................. | 38 | 1.5

2.................. | 64 | 2.5

3.................. | 89 | 3.5

4.................. | 127 | 5.0

Personal protective equipment

http://www.liveleak.com/view?i=ea2_121

7459352

Controlling hazardous energy

Lock out tag out (LOTO)

○ Different devices and their purpose

(See Table 2)

○ Tags and the information needed

(See Table 2)

Communication:

○ De-energizing phase

○ Re-energizing phase

Controlling hazardous energy

Testing procedures:

http://plumbing-n-electric.wonderhowto.com/how-to/use-voltage-

multimeter-check-for-faulty-circuit-breakers-393452/

Exposure and their effects

Electric shock: slight tingling sensation; cardiac arrest. The severity depends on the following:

The amount of current: 1 mA, 5 mA

The current's path: Enters one side of body, exits opposite side

The length of time: Freeze effect

The current's frequency.

Exposure and their effects < = 1 - 4 mA

5 mA

6 - 25 mA (women)

9 - 30 mA (men)

50 - 150 mA

1,000 - 4,300 mA

10,000 mA

Generally not perceptible; Faint tingle

Slight shock; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can let go. Reflexes can lead to other injuries.

Painful shock, loss of muscular control*

Freezing current or " let-go“; can’t be thrown

Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions; death

Rhythmic pumping action of the heart ceases. Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur; death

Cardiac arrest, severe burns; death

Exposure and their effects

Electrical burns: most common shock-related injury. can result in an electrical,

arc, thermal contact burn, or a combination

Most serious burns: electric current > tissues or bone, generating heat; causes

tissue damage.

Immediate medical attention

Arc or flash burns: High temperatures caused by an electric arc or explosion

near the body.

Treated promptly.

Summary

Recognized as a serious workplace hazard:

exposes employees to electric shock, electrocution,

burns, fires, and explosions.

In 1999, 278 workers died from electrocutions at

work, accounting for almost 5 percent of all on-

the-job fatalities that year, (Bureau of Labor

Statistics.) Most of these fatalities could have

been easily avoided.

Summary

PPE and equipment

Controlling hazardous energy

Exposure limits and their effects