1905 was a dress rehearsal

for 1917

Vladimir Lenin

Today you will…

• Be able to identify and explain the causes of the 1905 revolution.

• Be able to describe the main events of ‘Bloody Sunday.’

Causes of the 1905 Revolution

Forces from inside Russia:• Government reactions to protests and Bloody

Sunday.• No reforms for peasants or workers.• Raising taxes to pay for the war with Japan.• Lack of freedom.• Appalling working conditions in factories.• Lack of food and fuel in the cities.

Causes of the 1905 Revolution

Forces from outside Russia:

• Ideas of Karl Marx.• Military failures in the war.• Ideas from Western Europe about

democracy.

The 1905 revolution

War withJapan

In 1904/05 Russia and Japan fought for control of Korea and Manchuria

The Tsar expected a quick victory – thought it would increase his popularity

Russia suffered defeats on Land and sea. Japan destroyed the Russian Navy

Tsar becomes more unpopular – people feel it is unjustified

Russia is humiliated

Government seen to be weak and incompetent

Conditions for the people get worse

price rises food shortages and unemployment

ResultsBackground

Battleship Potemkin

The 1905 Revolution

Bloody Sunday

Jan 1905 200,00 unarmed workers march to the Winter Palace

Demands - Better living and working conditions - end to war - a parliament

Soldiers fire on crowd killing 500

Tsar undermined in the eyes of the people

Support grows for revolutionaries

set off a wave of riots, strikes and murders

Events Results

Father Gapon

Results of 1905 Revolution• The October Manifesto - • promise of freedom of speech, right to form political

parties • Establish a Duma• No new laws without consent of the Duma• Broken Promises• Voting system was unfair rich had more influence than the

poor• Duma had little influence over the Tsar and new laws• First two Dumas were dismissed for demanding reforms• Further changes introduced to excluded socialist

Why did the Revolution fail?

• Most of the armed forces stayed loyal to the Tsar

• October Manifesto divided the opposition• The workers strikes and the peasants uprisings

were not co-ordinated• No clear leader for the opposition

Russia 1906 - 1914

• The Rule of Stolypin

• Aim of stability

• 1. Repress the revolutionaries

• 2. Introduce reforms to improve living conditions

• 1911 - Stolypin assassinated

Results of Stolypin’s actions

• 1. Great reduction in activities of the revolutionaries

• 2. Richer peasants (Kulaks) now run farms for profit

• 3. Kulaks now loyal to Tsar• 4. Cities have more food• 5. Conditions for some workers improve though

many remain discontented. 1912/14 many strikes• 6. Revolutionaries like Lenin learn to adopt new

more tactics