Drill, Physical Training & Physical Education

1902, 1933, 1952, 1954, 1970’s & 1980’s

Learning Objectives;

1) Understand the objectives, content and methodology of The 1933 Syllabus.

2) Understand the influence of the second world war.

Exam Questions & The 1933 Syllabus

State Elementary Education 3

RecapObjectives

Content

Methodology

What we are interested in . . .Objectives – aims or intentions of a

lesson/syllabus, e.g. Physical or military fitness

Content - The subject matter or activities taught in the lesson, e.g. Weapons drills or games skills

Methodology – The teaching style used for delivery, e.g. Command or problem solving

TaskPlan HOW you would answer the following question.

eg; Reading the question – any specific methods?

With reference to the objectives, content and methodology, critically evaluate the 1902

Model Course. (10 marks)

1919 syllabusJust after the WW1.No public school generation.Lack of fitness was blamed on the working

class.However Dr George Newman said that the

lessons were not to blame and that they were ‘remedial exercises and morale-boosting recreational activities’.

1930’s BackgroundDepression – working class unemployed

(NO benefits)

1926 Hadow Report

‘Syllabus of Physical Training’ – age differentiated +11

Dr George Newman TaylorEmphasis on skill and posture. A

detailed respected syllabusNewman stated that good nourishment,

hygiene and physical training was required for normal healthy development.

The 1933 syllabus- playground games.Highly respected

Using background information can you come up with 1933:

OBJECTIVES

CONTENT

METHODOLOGY

ObjectivesPhysical fitnessTherapeutic effectCorrection of posture faults and defectsImprovement to the circulatory systemEducational – develop alertness and decision making

ContentAthletics, gym and games skills were a

feature along with group workGroup work was a central part of the

lessons

MethodologySome decentralised

parts to lessonMore teacher – pupil

interaction.Group workSpecial clothing5 x 20 min lessons per

weekNew facilitiesOutdoors recommended Some specialist PE

teachers

Centralised:Teacher using an instructional style of teaching. Children doing the SAME tasks in unison.

Decentralised:Teacher using a guided style of teaching. Children working at their OWN pace and answering in OWN style.

Reasons for change - Influence?:The Second World War (1939 – 1945)Thinking soldiers = thinking children needed

Value of PE(teaching style?)

Reasons for change- Influence?:

Reasons for change:Destruction of schools/ deterioration of

equipment.Evacuation of children to rural areas.Male PE teachers enlisted.

Influence:Commando style training – apparatusShift from therapeutic/ medical – value of PE

Modern dance methodsProblem solving approach

PE State in Schools – Why Change?1902: Model Course

1933

1950:Moving & Growing

1970 – 1980’s:

National Curriculu

m

Learning Objectives;

1) Understand the objectives, content and methodology of The Moving & Growing and Planning the Programme.

The 1950’s Moving & Growing (1952) and

Planning the Programme (1954)

WW2 1939 - 45

Moving and Growing - 1952Planning the Programme - 1953Implemented in primary schools.Combined army obstacle training and

movement training from dance. Also introduced;

2) Squats1) Sit-ups

When all the exercises in the circuit have been completed this is known as a set.

3) Press-ups 4) Step-ups

5) Dolphins6) Squat Thrusts8) Pull-ups 7) Shuttle Runs

Circuit training

Weight training

Outward bound

Using background information can you come up with 1952/54:

OBJECTIVES

CONTENT

METHODOLOGY

Objectives:Emphasis on combining; PHYSICAL,

SOCIAL, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTVARIETYPhysical, intellectual, social and emotional

aspects of child development. Enjoyment in lessons.PERSONAL

SATISFACTION/ACHEIVEMENT PHYSICAL EDUCATION.

Content:Agility, playground and major game skillsEducational gymnastics.Dance and movement to music.National dances.Swimming.

Exploratory Creative Individual Fun

Methodology:Guidance oriented ~ discovery learning.

INDIVIDUAL INTERPRETATIONProblem solving approach. Child-centred learning. More equipment and apparatus.Child cantered & enjoymentTeacher guidance rather than direction Specialised PEFull apparatus

Discuss physical activity in State Elementary Schools during the first half of the twentieth century with particular reference to the objectives, content and teaching method of lessons in 1902, 1933 and 1950.

13

Michael GoveSecretary of State for Educationhttps://

www.education.gov.uk/schools/teachingandlearning/curriculum/nationalcurriculum2014

Page 97 – 1970 - 1980