#19 Winter 2012 Green Living Journal

A Practical Journal for Friends of the Environment c GreenLivingJournalpdxcom d Winter 2012-20132

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3 Issue 19 c Green Living Journal d Winter 2012-2013

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Publisherrsquos Page Getting from Here to There 5Local Notes 6Energy - My Saudi Arabian Breakfast 8Building A Platinum Home for the Golden Years 12 The Earth Advantage Institute 14Transportation - Fuel from Plants 15Electric Vehicle News Mr Graunke and his Dream Car 17RE-World Re-Art Block and Sons iPad Holders 18Eco-Fashion Wearable Food Trimmings 19Health - Sauna for Life 20Recycle - The Mysteries of Recycling Part II 22Gardening - Savoring Suburbia 24Food - Make 11 Miles of Carrots 26Education - Place-based Education 27Book Review- The Nature Principle 30Classifieds 31

Contents


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P O Box 677 Cascade Locks OR 97014Publisher Columbia River Press LLC

PDX Editorial Team Katie Cordrey Gary Munkhoff

Susan Place5413745454

garygreenlivingjournalcomAdvertising Susan Place

5413745454cradsgreenlivingjournalcom

PrepressGraphicsAd Production Katie Cordrey iByte Company

infoibytecompanycom5094931250

National Editor Stephen MorrisedgreenlivingjournalcomWebmaster Michael Potts

MichaelthepublicpresscomDistribution Ambling Bear Portland Pedal Power

Cover Photos Oats and Raspberries via tumblr Bio-trimmings Buttons courtesy of Hoyan Ip Carrots courtesy of Kim Hack

Printed with soy-based inks on recycled paper by Signature Graphics

The Portland edition of the Green Living Journal is published quar-terly and 20000 copies are distributed free of charge throughout the

Portland-Vancouver metro areaWe encourage our readers to patronize our advertisers but we are

not responsible for any advertising claimsSubscriptions $995 per year

Copyright copy 2012 Columbia River Press LLC

Green Living Journal

The Green Living Journal Family is Proud to be a Member


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Publisherrsquos Page Getting from Here to ThereBy Gary Munkhoff

Americans have to be the most mobile people in the history of the world Whether by plane train automobile bus ship bicycle motorcycle scooters or whatever we are constantly on the move If our founding fathers were writing the Constitution today they would have to include our right to be mobile in the Bill of Rights

We also have to be the most comfortable people in all of history We are kept toasty warm and cool as cucumbers thanks to the energy provided by the sun wood electricity fossil fuels and geothermal sources

Comfort and getting around are just our normal way of life and we rarely give either one of them a second thoughtThe bad news is that we have reached a point where we must now give serious thought to the consequences that our mobility and our comfort are having on our world

They are both dependent almost exclusively on the energy derived from the burning of fossil fuels - a lot of fossil fuels The fact is that we are burning fossil fuels at such an enormous rate that we are degrading our personal health our national security and the very web of life that supports us all

Unfortunately there is no quick fix but there is a long term solution for our deadly addiction to fossil fuels Spelled out in Reinventing Fire by Amory Lovins and the Rocky Mountain Institute is a realistic course of action that would have us completely off of oil and down to one-third of the present day need for natural gas by the year 2050 Their plan does not require any new technologies subsidies or

new laws but it does require us to over-come our natural tendency to procrasti-nate and to make some minor financial sacrifices

A few folks have already decided to do something about the amount of fossil fuels and energy that they are using and yes they are making financial sacri-fices As you read about Gail and David Nemorsquos new home and Gary Graunkersquos dream car in this issue give serious thought to what they are doing They are proving that we can reinvent fire if we have the will to do so


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Local NotesUpcoming Earth Care Summit to Explore ldquoLiving Watersrdquo

Interfaith Network for Earth Concerns a project of Ecumenical Ministries of Oregon is holding its fourth

annual Earth Care Summit on Jan 28 2013 Join individu-als and congregations from around the state to learn about greening resources be inspired by speakers and each other and enjoy a seasonal dinner with old and new friends

The theme of the summit is ldquoLiving Watersrdquo The event will explore the water issues we are facing on global regional and local levels and provide practical ideas on how to address the issues at home and in your congregation The event will include an optional tour of the green features of the host site St Andrew Lutheran Church in Beaverton (12405 SW But-ner Rd) which is the steward of a wetland and forest on its grounds and recently completed a remodel with green features

The summit will also include a keynote address a congre-gational case study and roundtable discussions on a variety of topics including water and worship caring for watersheds and climate change and water The event will be held from 530 to 845 pm with a building tour offered at 430 pm

Groups from your congregation organization or schools are encouraged to sponsor a table Dinner table (seats eight) co-sponsorships are $200 or $120 for students Regular registration is $25person or $15student

For more info httpwwwemoregonorg

Turning a Brown Field GreenThe land at NE 82nd and Siskiyou has a checkered past

It is a former landfill capped in 1982 Many of those living and working in the Madison South and Roseway neighbor-hoods have seen this area attract unwanted activities and

attention The site has remained derelict despite its tremen-dous potential for the neighborhood city and region

The Dharma Rain Zen Center a Soto Zen Buddhist temple sees great potential in the Siskiyou property for a new campus that is sustainable beautiful and benefits their congregation and the neighborhood alike

They plan to create an attractive compatible low-impact campus that serves the community They will

Restore the 14-acre parcel to a vibrant biologically bullsound and diverse state removing the plentiful inva-sives designating a third of the site as habitat areas and naturescaping the entire site This will form a wildlife corridor between the Rocky ButteGateway GreenGrotto habitat complex and the Roseway Golf CourseMadison High SchoolGlenhaven Park complexProtect the health of the watershed by minimizing bullinfiltration of rain through the landfill and prevent the leaching of landfill contents into the aquifer Rather than just paving the entire site which would be the default they will do this by rainwater har-vesting from rooftops and driveways and extensive plantings and bioswalesMaintain the methane abatement measures currently bullin placeUtilize green building methods guided by a green bulldesign philosophyImprove neighborhood connectivity safety and beau-bullty by encouraging collaboration between Dharma Rainrsquos membership local citizens non-profit groups public agencies and private enterprises on aspects of the site development such as paths through the siteCreate public gathering areas and a residential bullco-housing complex that are models of sustainable community-oriented and multi-generational designFor more info httpwwwdharma-rainorg


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Portland Supports Urban Gardens

Local Notes

Take the GO Local ChallengeShop the Gorge this holiday season and be rewarded

with prizes and good karma On November 15th the Gorge Owned Business Network (GO) will launch its second annual GO Local Challenge aimed at raising

awareness about the benefits to the community when people shop locally How does the Challenge work Spend at least $50 with three local businesses or nonprofits in the Gorge complete an online form and get entered to win prizes

For more info httpGorgeOwnedorgLocal

What are you giving this yearLooking for unique items from Columbia Gorge busi-

nesses wineries breweries and more The GO Local Holidays Online Auction makes it easy to find locally made goods and services for every local on your list Proceeds from the auction benefit the Gorge Owned Business Net-

Tidy Up Your Kitchen CompostAlong with the Port-

land residential compost-ing program came the beige compost collection bin that was supplied to all residents It is large takes up a lot of the counter top and is not very attractive

Jeff Evans found the use of the pail unergonomic and cumbersome He wanted to find a way to mount the bucket under the counter and to latch the lid in the open posi-tion This way a person could scrape food scraps into the bucket from a more convenient height

and peel vegetables directly into it While preparing a meal you would be able to easily toss food debris into the bucket all with the lid latched in the open position Then with a flip of the latch by your finger gravity should drop the door closed and you could shut the cabinet door He also wanted to get the bucket off the counter out of sight and use a space under the sink that is underused

Jeff decided the Kitchen Compost Caddy should offer an optional basket located beneath the bucket for storage of compostable bags

His final thought was to do something about the foul odor coming from the bucket which would get even worse in the hot summer months He cured the problem by of-fering a replaceable activated carbon filter mounted to the underside of the lid to neutralize the odor and to absorb the smells of the decomposing food

After several designs and prototypes Kitchen Compost Caddy is ready to make your composting easier Designed and manufactured here in the Pacific Northwest the Kitch-en Compost Caddy could be coming to your kitchen soon

For more info httpkitchencompostcaddycom 503-206-5665

On June 13 2012 Portland City Council made a signifi-cant step toward increasing access to healthful affordable food for all Portlanders by adopting the Urban Food Zon-ing Code Update The new regulations address community gardens farmers markets and market gardens as well as alternative food distribution methods such as community sponsored agriculture (CSA) and food buying clubs

Because even a small cost can be a barrier for some this proposal has very little in the way of permit fees land use reviews and the like Almost all activities will be allowed outright if standards are met

This action puts Portlanders in position to take advan-tage of the ideas proposed by Roger Doiron in his article Savoring Suburbia that begins on page 24 of this issue

Illustration by Rob Gisler Reprinted Here Courtesy of Portland Bureau of Planning and Sustainability

work (GO) which is working to connect businesses and consumers who want a healthy future for the Gorge GO hosts Gorge Green Drinks a monthly networking event that highlights green businesses in the Gorge GO is a proj-ect of the Columbia Gorge Earth Center

Auction Nov 23 - Dec 9For more info GorgeOwnedorgLocalAuction


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My Saudi Arabian BreakfastBy Chad HeeterPlease join me for breakfast Itrsquos time to fuel up againOn the table in my small Berkeley apartment this par-

ticular morning is a healthy looking little meal ndash a bowl of

imported McCannrsquos Irish oatmeal topped with Cascadian Farms organic frozen raspberries and a cup of Peetrsquos Fair Trade Blend coffee Like most of us I prepare my breakfast at home and the ingredients for this one probably cost me about $125 (If I went to a cafeacute in downtown Berkeley Irsquod likely have to add another $600 plus tip for the same)

My breakfast fuels me up with about 400 calories and it satisfies me So for just over a buck and half an hour spent reading the morning paper in my own kitchen Irsquom energized for the next few hours But before I put spoon to cereal what if I consider this bowl of oatmeal porridge (to which Irsquove just added a little butter milk and a shake of salt) from a different perspective Say a Saudi Arabian one

Then what yoursquod be likely to see ndash whatrsquos really there just hidden from our view (not to say our taste buds) ndash is about four ounces of crude oil Throw in those luscious red raspberries and that cup of java (another three ounces of crude) and donrsquot forget those modest additions of butter milk and salt (another ounce) and yoursquove got a tiny bit of the Middle East right here in my kitchen

Now letrsquos drill a little deeper into this breakfast Just where does this tiny gusher of oil actually come from (Wersquoll let this oil represent all fossil fuels in my breakfast including natural gas and coal)

Nearly 20 of this oil went into growing my raspberries on Chilean farms many thousands of miles away those oats in the fields of County Kildare Ireland and that specially raised coffee in Guatemala ndash think tractors as well as petro-leum- based fertilizers and pesticides

Energy

photo courtesy of Flickr member zanehollingsworth


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EnergyThe next 40 of my breakfast fossil-fuel equation is

burned up between the fields and the grocery store in processing packaging and shipping Take that box of Mc-Cannrsquos oatmeal On it is an inviting image of pure healthy goodness ndash a bowl of porridge topped by two peach slices Scattered around the bowl are a handful of raw oats what look to be four acorns and three fresh raspberries Those raw oats are actually a reminder that the flakes require a few steps twixt field and box In fact a visit to McCannrsquos website illustrates each step in the cleaning steaming hulling cut-ting and rolling that turns the raw oats into edible flakes

Those five essential steps require significant energy costs Next my oat flakes go into a plastic bag (made from oil) which is in turn inserted into an energy-intensive pressed wood-pulp printed paper box Only then does my ldquobreakfastrdquo leave Ireland and travel over 5000 fuel-gorging CO2-emit-ting miles by ship and truck to my grocery store in California

Coming from another hemisphere my raspberries take an even longer fossil-fueled journey to my neighborhood Though packaged in a plastic bag labeled Cascadian Farms (which perhaps hints at a birthplace in the good old Cascade Mountains of northwest Washington) the small print on the back stamped ldquoA Product of Chilerdquo tells all ndash and what it speaks of is a 5800-mile journey to Northern California

If yoursquove been adding up percentages along the way per-haps yoursquove noticed that a few tablespoons of crude oil in my bowl have not been accounted for That final 40 of the fossil fuel in my breakfast is used up by the simple acts of keeping food fresh and then preparing it In home kitchens and restaurants the chilling in refrigerators and the cook-ing on stoves using electricity or natural gas gobbles up more energy than you might imagine For decades scien-tists have calculated how much fossil fuel goes into our food by measuring the amount of energy consumed in growing packing shipping consuming and finally disposing of it The ldquocaloric inputrdquo of fossil fuel is then compared to the energy available in the edible product the ldquocaloric outputrdquo

What theyrsquove discovered is astonishing According to researchers at the University of Michiganrsquos Center for Sustain-able Agriculture an average of over seven calories of fossil fuel is burned up for every calorie of energy we get from our food This means that in eating my 400-calorie breakfast I will in effect have ldquoconsumedrdquo 2800 calories of fossil-fuel energy (Some researchers claim the ratio to be as high as ten to one)

But this is only an average My cup of coffee gives me only a few calories of energy but to process just one pound of coffee requires over 8000 calories of fossil-fuel energy ndash the equivalent energy found in nearly a quart of crude oil 30 cubic feet of natural gas or around two and a half pounds of coal


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EnergySo how do you gauge how much oil went into your

food First check out how far it traveled The farther it trav-eled the more oil it required Next gauge how much pro-cessing went into the food A fresh apple is not processed but Kelloggrsquos Apple Jacks cereal requires enormous amounts of energy to process The more processed the food the more oil it required Then consider how much packaging is wrapped around your food Buy fresh vegetables instead of canned and buy bulk beans grains and flour if you want to reduce that packaging

By now yoursquore thinking that yoursquore in the clear because you eat strictly organically grown foods When it comes to fossil-fuel calculations though the manner in which foodrsquos grown is where differences stop Whether conventionally grown or organically grown a raspberry is shipped packed and chilled the same way

Yes there are some savings from growing organically but possibly only of a slight nature According to a study by David Pimentel at Cornell University 30 of fossil-fuel expenditure on farms growing conventional (non-organic) crops is found in chemical fertilizer This 30 is not con-sumed on organic farms but only if the manure used as fertilizer is produced in very close proximity to the farm

Manure is a heavy bulky product If farms have to truck

bulk manure for any distance over a few miles the sav-ings are eaten up in diesel-fuel consumption according to Pimentel One source of manure for organic farmers in California is the chicken producer Foster Farms Organic farmers in Monterey County for example will have to truck tons of Fosterrsquos manure from their main plant in Livingston California to fields over one hundred miles away

So the next time wersquore at the grocer do we now have to ask not only where and how this product was grown but how far its manure was shipped Well if yoursquore in New York City picking out a California-grown tomato that was fertil-ized with organic compost made from kelp shipped from Nova Scotia maybe itrsquos not such a bad question But should we give up on organic If yoursquore buying organic raspberries from Chile each week then yes The fuel cost is too great as is the production of the greenhouse gases along with it Buying locally grown foods should be the first priority when it comes to saving fossil fuel

But if there were really truth in packaging on the back of my oatmeal box where it now tells me how many calories I get from each serving it would also tell me how many cal-ories of fossil fuels went into this product On a scale from one to five ndash with one being non-processed locally grown products and five being processed packaged imports ndash we


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could quickly average the numbers in our shopping cart to get a sense of the ecological footprint of our diet From this we would gain a truer sense of the miles-per-gallon in our food

What appeared to be a simple healthy meal of oatmeal berries and coffee looks different now I thought I was essentially driving a Toyota Prius hybrid ndash by having a very fuel-efficient breakfast but by the end of the week Irsquove still eaten the equivalent of over two quarts of Valvoline From the perspective of fossil-fuel consumption I now look at my breakfast as a waste of precious resources And what about the mornings that I head to Dennyrsquos for a Grand-Slam breakfast eggs pancakes bacon sau-sage On those mornings ndash forget about fuel efficiency ndash Irsquom driving a Hummer

What I eat for breakfast connects me to the planet deep into its past with the fossilized remains of plants and animals which are now fuel as well as into its future when these non-renew-able resources will likely be in scant supply Maybe these thoughts are too grand to be having over breakfast but Irsquom not the only one on the planet eating this morning My meal traveled thousands of miles around the world to reach my plate But then therersquos the rise of per-haps 600 million middle class Indians and Chinese Theyrsquore already demanding the convenience of packaged meals and the taste of foreign flavors What happens when middle-class families in India or China decide they want their Irish oats for breakfast topped by organic raspberries from Chile Theyrsquoll dip more and more into the planetrsquos commu-nal oil well And someday soon wersquoll all suck it dry

Energy

Chad Heeter grew up eating fossil fuels in Leersquos Summit Missouri Hersquos a freelance writer documentary film maker and a former highschool science teacher

(This article appeared previously in ldquoThe New Village Greenrdquo by the editors of Green Living Journal published by New Society 2007 A limited number of this very cool little book are available for $15 from Green Living 100 Gilead Brook Road Randolph VT 05060 Includes shipping and handling)

Energy


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BuildingA Platinum Home for the Golden YearsPart I Planning

By Gary Munkhoff and David NemoIntroduction

In his book Reinventing Fire Amory Lovins realistically shows how the US could eliminate the burning of fossil fuels by 2050 using the technologies that are available today A growing number of forward-thinking people are already moving towards a fossil-fuel free lifestyle by making use of photovoltaic panels electric drive cars super efficient homes and by walking bicycling and using other alterna-tive transportation options

According to the US Energy Information Adminis-tration (EIA) our homes and apartments accounted for 23 of the total energy consumed nationwide in 2010 The bulk of this energy is produced from the burning of fossil fuels and its cost averaged out to $2024 for each and every household in 2009 A reduction in the amount of energy that our homes use would be a win - win situation for both the environment and our pocketbooks

In this issue and continuing for the next several ones we are going to bring you Gail and David Nemorsquos story of building their retirement home using a whole different set of design criteria Criteria that would drastically reduce their homersquos environmental foot print and at the same time make the home more comfortable and healthier to live in What the Nemos have created using their thoughtful personal goals and their mindful concern for the environ-ment is a home design that with wide spread adoption could move us towards Lovinsrsquo goal with a sense of elegant

simplicity The Nenorsquos have designed a sensible home of the future

in which the investment focus is on advanced sustainable living technology rather than on grandiose and expensive architecture It has the appearance of being a conventional home built on a lot in an established Portland neighbor-hood This is a home that would appeal to a large segment of American homebuyers

Getting ReadyIn 2008 Gail and David were a few years from retire-

ment but were starting to make plans for that ldquogoldenrdquo time of their lives They had decided that there was a smaller

home in their future one that would be better suited for retire-ment Being comfortable as the years passed was their primary consideration with energy ef-ficiency lower utility bills and reduced maintenance right behind

Then Gail had knee replace-ment surgery and was unable to climb stairs to a bedroom Thatrsquos when according to Gail ldquohaving to turn our ground floor living room into a makeshift bedroom convinced us that our future home should not only be small comfortable and efficient but also have no stairsrdquo

So finding a suitable home for retirement became their long-range objective At this point they werenrsquot necessar-ily focused on building a new home but the longer they looked the more they realized they would need to build a custom home to satisfy their needs and wants They were already familiar with the designbuild process as they designed and built the home they had lived in since 1989 They knew what they were in for


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Finding the Right PlaceGiven that they planned to install solar panels and

wanted a backyard suitable for a garden a lot with a mostly unobstructed southern exposure became the highest prior-ity Also to accommodate a no-stairs entry into the home and a backyard bocce ball court the lot needed to be flat and wide After a year of searching they eventually came across a lot that met their needs and was in an area of Port-land that suited themGoing Green

Planning for retirement was not the only issue that was on the Nemosrsquo radar screen at this time In his position with the Portland Development Commission David saw that there was within his and other city organizations ldquoa growing concern with looming environmental issues and the need to create more sustainable buildings and neigh-borhoodsrdquo At this same time the call for incorporating sustainability into our culture was being championed by a growing number of respected voices Al Gorersquos An Inconve-nient Truth hit home with a lot of Americans and the Ne-mos were no exception By going green their home would be very comfortable and at the same time have a much smaller environmental impact A perfect fit for them

Moving forward from this decision point brings many issues and challenges but Gail and David did their home-work They knew that their home would cost more per square foot to build They also knew it would be built to standards that were

well beyond the existing building codes bullnot familiar to the average building contractorbullmore expensive to build andbulltricky to finance bullFaced with these problems they chose to enlist a team

of experts to guide them successfully through all phases of

their project For all you would be homebuilders or remod-elers this is a key point Assistance and experts are available to work with you every step of the way to insure that you receive maximum return on your investment Their help does not preclude doing a lot of your own homework As David offers ldquoI did considerable research on my own of ma-terials building methods and codes so that I could better understand the pros and cons and cost-benefit of the many decisions that needed to be made during both the design and building processrdquoInvesting in Platinum

Buying or building a house is the largest investment that most of us will ever make so it behooves each one of us to make intelligent decisions and choices before we invest in one Gail and David have set a high standard for wise home investment Hopefully others will follow their lead and invest in similar type homes

First they decided to invest less in square footage (2000 sq ft versus the average new home of 2400 sq ft) and more in the features that offer

extra comfort bulla healthier interior bulllower monthly expenses andbullless impact on the environment bullAlso the Nemos can forever take pride in knowing that

their extra investment will continue to produce dollar and environmental savings not just for years but for many generations to come

Next they did a lot of research and decided to build to the sustainable standards set by an independent third party They chose to work with the Earth Advantage Home Certification program and build a house that would meet the Platinum standard (the highest level offered) This level gave them the balance between desired features and afford-

Building


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ability that fit their situation Finally to insure that their home would be built to their

satisfaction and function properly they put together the following team

Suzanne Zuniga architectbullCastle Rock Homes builderbullPeoples Solar solar system installerbullHarvest the Sky rainwater harvesting systembullWith their site selected goals defined and their team in

place the Nemos were ready to move forward The next in-stallment will highlight some of the homersquos design features and construction techniques

The Green Living Journal would like to thank Blaine Bar-tholomew and Jim Stevens with Umpqua Bank for connecting us with Gail and David We also wish to thank Sean Penrith the former Executive Director of the Earth Advantage Insti-tute for taking the time to provide details on that organiza-tion And of course we wish to thank the Nemos for taking time out of their very busy construction process to provide us with all the details and for answering all of our questions

The Earth Advantage Institute

BuildingEarth Advantage Institutersquos core mission is to supply the

tools to design and build better homes and buildings They foster innovative partnerships that leverage market forces to accelerate the reversal of climate change caused by the built environment

Earth Advantage Institute (EAI) was launched as a non-profit 501(c)(3) spinoff from Portland General Electric (PGE) in 2005 Sean Penrith was hired as the founding execu-tive director with one program and five people on board In the seven yearrsquos since EAI has grown to 25 people and a focus on residential energy efficiency residential and commercial certification as well as a robust education and training depart-

Building


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Buildingment In addition EAI engages in several consulting and research projects related to the built environment Currently EAI is led by an expert management team with David He-slam a long-time green builder and energy efficiency expert serving as interim executive director

They are like most nonprofits mission driven but unlike most nonprofits EAI does not primarily support itself with grants or government subsidies Instead they derive their revenues from their own value based programs and services that are marketed to real estate professionals appraisers home performance contractors architects engineers builders and homeowners Their steady growth confirms that they are skilled in developing programs that are both innovative and practical

Earth Advantage Institute certifies homes as a third-party verifier for both the ENERGY STAR and LEED for Homesreg programs as well as for their own new home remodel multi-family and net-zero programs They work hand in hand with builders to insure that each project is deigned and built to the proper standards for certification and high performance

Earth Advantage Certified Homes recently launched their Energy Bill Guarantee as an indication of their certainty that their certified homes will perform efficiently Under normal operating conditions EAI guarantees a homeownerrsquos utility bills for three years If the home does not perform as predict-ed EAI will refund the homeowner the difference each year for the three years

To date EAI has certified over 12000 homes across Southern Washington and Oregon They are the sixth largest LEED for Homes provider in the country Their Earth Advan-tage Broker and Sustainable Homes Professional training is nationwide and growing

For more info httpwwwearthadvantageorg

TransportationFuel From Plants The Basics of Biofuels

By Todd KahoPetroleum has been the transportation fuel of choice

for more than a century now but itrsquos not the only fuel that can run our cars and trucks Some of the most promising replacements for oil come from organic biomass includ-ing crops such as corn and soybeans Those are the main sources for the most common types of biofuels in use today ethanol and biodiesel fuelWhat Is Ethanol Fuel

Ethanol is simply alcohol fermented and distilled from the sugars in plants Most ethanol comes from a few crops including corn and sugar cane but there are other prom-ising sources that arenrsquot food crops Cellulosic ethanol production uses the non-edible parts of plants such as corn stover lawn and tree waste wood chips and quick-growing plants such as switchgrass and miscanthus The cellulosic ethanol industry is struggling to get off the ground but it could be more cost competitive in the future with new tech-nical breakthroughs and if gasoline prices keep rising

A ldquoflex-fuelrdquo vehicle is a car or truck that offers the flex-ibility to run on either gasoline or E85 (85 ethanol and 15 gasoline) The transition from one fuel to the other is seamless mdash the vehiclersquos computer automatically adjusts the engine controls for best performance for whatever blend is in the tank The flex-fuel option adds only a few hundred dollars to the overall cost of the vehicle most of which is in fuel system components that can handle the alcohol There are now more than 7 million flex-fuel vehicles on the road Automakers have an incentive to produce flex-fuel vehicles because these vehicles help them meet the federal fuel economy standards

However not all vehicles are designed for E85 and you donrsquot want to use this biofuel in an incompatible vehicle The alcohol in the fuel requires a fuel system that can handle its more corrosive nature E85 can ruin fuel lines and other components in a regular car or truck

Some owners donrsquot know their car SUV or truck is E85 compatible However many manufacturers have been ag-gressive at marketing their vehiclesrsquo flex-fuel capabilities and most models have prominent ldquoFlex-Fuelrdquo badges on their rears or flanks Another giveaway is a bright yellow fuel cap with E85 flex-fuel identification although not all compatible vehicles have theseBiodiesel Fuel Basics

Biodiesel is another flexible alternative fuel with serious potential Pure biodiesel is better for the environment than


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Transportationpetroleum diesel because it produces lower emissions and is biodegradable making it safer to handle Like ethanol it burns clean and can be produced domestically

Commonly produced from high-fat plant sources such as soybeans there are also new non-food crop biodiesel sources in development One of the most promising of these is algae The process has been demonstrated in small-scale facilities and a few larger operations Proponents point to algaersquos high oil yield relative to the land required to produce it Algae can be grown in a variety of vertical bioreactors that donrsquot need a lot of acreage

Pure biodiesel (B100) can run fine in some diesel en-gines but like ethanol it is more commonly blended with petroleum diesel B5 a 5 percent blend of biodiesel with 95 percent petroleum diesel is approved for use in nearly all new clean diesel cars (check your ownerrsquos manual to be sure) B20 which has 20 percent biodiesel mixed with 80 percent petroleum diesel is approved for use in the lat-est generation of full-size diesel pickups Biodiesel is also a great alternative for diesel tractors and other diesel-powered implements around the homestead As with E85 finding biodiesel in your area might be a challenge so yoursquoll want to turn to online tools and apps to make it easier to find biod-iesel pumps near you In most new clean diesel cars the use of B5 is allowed without voiding the warranty Dodge Ford and most General Motors full-size clean diesel pickup trucks can now use B20 without affecting the warranty

You donrsquot have to look far to find people who think bio-fuels could be better or who outright question their green credentials Although some of the criticism of biofuels comes from environmentalists asking legitimate questions about the costs and benefits of our fuel choices some of the resistance to biofuels is undoubtably fueled by petroleum interests One fact is undeniable however it takes only one disruption in the supply of oil to push E85 and biodiesel back into the headlines They arenrsquot perfect motor fuels but ethanol and biodiesel are the leading clean liquid fuel alter-natives we have today The more we support their develop-ment the less dependent we will be on petroleum

Excerpted from MOTHER EARTH NEWS the Original Guide to Living Wisely To read more articles from MOTHER EARTH NEWS visit wwwMotherEarthNewscom Copyright 2012 by Ogden Publications Inc

Our AdvertisersProvide You With Sustainable Options

amp Make This Free Magazine PossibleTell Them You Saw Them In The



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Electric Vehicle News

Mr Graunke and His Dream CarBy Gary Munkhoff and Gary Graunke

There are some dreams that just never die and there are some people that will never quit pursuing them Gary Graunke had such a dream and for the last 46 years he has been pursuing it

The dream began in 1966 when two representatives from General Motors came to Garyrsquos high school and talked about electric drive fuel cell vehicles which they

believed were ldquojust around the cornerrdquo In an electronics shop course Gary was already working with electric drive motors to propel a large three-wheeled robot so it was easy for him to see the potential for an electric car The quest was on but he was a little ahead of the times

Then in the 1970s when the gas shortages struck and everyone was waiting in line for hours to buy 10 gallons of gas Gary was once again seriously interested in electric vehicles (EVs) Luckily there had been some advances in technology that enabled electric cars to once again be avail-able So he went electric car shopping but could only find two that were actually available One was not even capable of reaching 45 mph and the other cost more than his house Garyrsquos dream was once again on hold

Interest in EVs continued to grow along with technologi-cal advancements and some major automakers were devel-oping programs and limited production models In 2000 Gary ordered a Ford EV Ranger from his local dealer even though it cost three times more than the gasoline powered version of the same vehicle After 34 years Garyrsquos dream was about to come true or so it seemed Unfortunately six months after he had placed his order Ford decided not to sell their Rangers but to lease them instead for a hefty $500 a month The final blow to the deal was that at the end of the lease the truck had to be returned to Ford Gary declined

Not one to give up Gary bought a US Electricar S-10 ( a Chevrolet S-10 pick up that had been converted to electric drive) on Ebay It came with some minor problems but Gary soon had those fixed and he drove it for about two years He also rented a Honda EV and a General Motors

EV1 but these vehicles were eventually called in by their makers and crushed (for more on this see the film ldquoWho Killed the Electric Carrdquo)

By now two major changes had come into play Honda and Toyota introduced their hybrid models and there were enough people converting gasoline cars into electric ones that there were reliable components available Gary dove in After a lot of reading participating in online forums and studying possible vehicles for conversion he settled on a 2000 Honda Insight hybrid He spent six months converting it to 100 electric drive and it became his daily driver for the next eight years

Garyrsquos Honda Insight Photo courtesy of Pat Connor OEVA

The Insight didnrsquot have the driving range to meet all of Garyrsquos driving needs so in 2008 he purchased a Toyota Prius which he then modified to have a larger battery that could be charged with an ordinary 110 V outlet (PHEV) This resulted in a car that delivered 70 - 85 mpg with no range limitations Gary was getting close to his dream with the Insight for short trips and his Prius for longer runs but he wasnrsquot there yet

It was also during this time that the world of electric vehicles was forever changed by Elon Musk of Tesla Mo-tors and Carlos Goshn of Nissan Muskrsquos roadster showed that an EV could have a driving range approaching that of a gas-powered car and Goshnrsquos Leaf was the first production EV to find its way to market in almost 90 years Once more Gary stepped up He purchased a 2011 Leaf and is partici-pating in the Department of Energyrsquos study of Leaf owners As Gary says of his Leaf ldquoThere is room for improvement but it is a great startrdquo

The ever expanding West Coast Electric Highway charg-ing infrastructure in Oregon has allowed the Leaf to serve nearly all of his transportation needsmdashhis excellent plug-in Prius languishes in his driveway An upgraded Nissan ldquoemergencyrdquo portable charger that comes with the Leaf has allowed Leaf owners to go beyond the charging network to places as remote as John Day using RV parks dryer outlets etc A recently added solar array on his garage has meant a minimal electric bill for the summer--$10 a month to


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EV News

Re-ArtBeautiful iPad Stands Crafted from Local Salvaged Wood

By KC EisenbergWhat goes better with the sleek lines of an iPad than a

rustic chunk of live-edge wood Based on the work

of the fellows at Block amp Sons nothing

These Portland crafters sculpt beauti-ful stands for iPads out of local sustain-able wood which are then finished tradi-tionally with linseed oil and beeswax

We love the juxta-position of the uber-modern device nestled into the wild lines of the blocks

The blocks can be pur-chased via Block amp Sons website wwwblocksandsonscom The Beam amp Anchor shop httpbeamandanchorcom and other fine boutiques around the country

Article and images cour-tesy of Sustainable North-

west Wood supplier of FSC certified and sustainably sourced dimensional lumber and Northwest hardwoods

httpwwwsnwwoodcom

power his house as well as his electric carsAfter driving a Tesla Roadster with its 200+ mile range

Gary feels that Teslarsquos model S sedan is in line with his dream car vision with the exception of its $80000+ price tag The relentless improvements in battery technology will make cars with the range of the Tesla much more affordable within a few years Once again patience is required In the meantime Gary notes that the GM Volt and Toyota plug-in Prius serve as effective transition vehicles doing everything conventional vehicles do only more efficiently

In the quest for his dream car Gary attended many events with other non-profit groups It became apparent to him that the EV offered a solution to the problems of air pollution climate change and the economic and national security aspects of imported oil This social relevance aspect of the EV which is above and beyond its mechanical superi-ority and its lower cost of operation caught Garyrsquos fancy and set him on a much broader quest mass adoption of the EV

Gary is now a tireless advocate for the adoption of electric drive as the future of personal transportation Countless hours have been spent in meetings conferences vehicle demonstrations presentations testifying before the legislature and other behind the scenes efforts to make his real dream come true an EV in every garage With all of the new models coming to market and as the recharging infrastructure nears critical mass on the west coast we now have the freedom to choose EVrsquos as a practical alternative for many drivers While social inertia the perceived issue with ldquorange anxietyrdquo and an unfriendly media are obstacles to rapid adoption of EVrsquos their adoption rate in the first year has been twice that of hybrid vehicles

Gary wonders what opportunities and changes will come next Will it be integrating EV batteries with the smart grid to even out the fluctuations inherent with renewable energy generation Perhaps it will be combining natural gas and plug-in electric drives to power larger vehicles There are many ways that the young and young-at-heart can become

more adaptable re-silient and efficient in order to support more people with fewer fossil resources and less impact on the planet

And so Gary just keeps on going and going and going and


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Eco-FashionWearable Food TrimmingsFood Waste is Fodder for Fashion in the Bio-trimmings Project

By Katie CordreyLondon-based Hoyan Ip a 2012 MA Fashion graduate

observed that food waste could help offset fashion industry waste So she set about using discarded food to make buttons buckles and other garment trims

Ip says ldquoFashion represents change Bio-trimmings are unique products that act as an object to educate and make good changes towards both sustainable fashion and ethical living for the futurerdquo She points out that production of fashion trims represents a signifi-cant environmental impact Raw

materials for plastic buttons are sourced from oil and metal zippers and snaps rely upon mining Producing these items contributes to global warming land degradation air pollu-tion and toxic contamination of water bodies

Her Bio-trimmings project retrieves food designated for the trash bin The food is dried cooked blended and

re-formed into sustainable fahion products Even the water used to clean-up is re-used as a component in the next production batch

Ip hopes that her Bio-trimmings project will not only raise aware-ness but act as an impetus for on-going research She plans to continue her work with the support of bio-genomics and scientific re-search entities She wants to develop practical applications for food trim-mings and other wasted materials in an effort to build a sustainable and

ethical world where food waste is fodder for fashion For more info httpwwwhoyanipcom

Bio-trimmings images couresy of Hoyan Ip


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HealthSauna for Life - Sauna for Health

By Nils ShenholmSometimes it is a simple wood-paneled room with an

electric heater and a thermometer on the wall letting us know how hot it is It may be at the gym or fitness center or maybe in your own home Sometimes it will be a small freestanding building in a wooded glen with an authentic wood-burning heater ldquoItrdquo is a sauna and saunas bring dif-ferent images to mind for different people

Saunas were largely unknown in this country before the 1950s but have steadily become more popular as the source

Anthropological evidence of early saunas show fire rings in close proximity to hollows in the ground or places pro-tected by the cavity created when a large tree is toppled with the roots intact Hooped branches or saplings supported a covering of boughs or hides making an enclosed space that could be made warm even in an extreme winter environ-ment There are still people who see value in the primitive process of crawling into the dirt floor interior of a sweat lodge environment but most people today prefer a comfort-able wooden room with platforms on which to sit or recline

Why is the dry heat of a sauna preferable to a hot shower or bath after a day of work or recreation

We know that immersion in or standing under a stream of hot water feels nice enough after an afternoon skiing or stacking wood but the sauna will warm you in a way that hot water never can And you will stay warm

Your skin will thank you too especially as you age The older we get the less tolerant our body systems in particu-lar skin are to trauma Sweating helps the skin to clean ex-foliate and refresh No soap needed your body does it naturally Yoursquoll feel afterwards as if a long soapy shower is a big step backward

Perspiring also provides a way for the body to expel and release toxins and impurities that otherwise accumulate in tissue The effectiveness of this can be seen by the fact that a sauna is sometimes prescribed in the detoxification regi-men used to help individuals diagnosed with ldquosick building syndromerdquo in which a person is adversely affected by the chemicals used in modern construction materials If the sauna can help people who are seriously ill due to toxic ac-cumulations in the body think of how the routine use of the sweat bath can improve overall health

Dry heat can also relieve muscle soreness regardless of source Strained muscles relax and benefit from the in-creased blood flow induced by the heat Lactic acid levels are reduced and the production of endorphins increased to ease muscle aches and contribute to a sense of overall well- being After a sauna and a good nightrsquos rest you wonrsquot wake up stiff and sore but pain-free ready for the dayrsquos activity

What about stressTo many sauna enthusiasts stress relief is the primary

benefit We live in a fast-paced world with plenty of oppor-tunity for emotional overload Sitting in a warm dimly lit room-enjoying the quiet calm- seems to help the day-to-day worries melt away Beyond the relaxation and endorphin pulse the calm restfulness induced by sauna makes for a good nightrsquos sleep This benefit has real value

for both good times and therapeutic benefits Pronounced ldquoSOW-nardquo it is a Finnish word that describes both the pro-cess of the bath and the place where the bath takes place There are many cultures around the world where a form of sweat bath is part of daily life but here in North America most of us associate this form of bathing with the far north-ern latitudes of the planet After all Helsinki is at 60 degrees north about the same as Anchorage Alaska

The process and terminology of the sauna are legacies of Finnish immigrants The time line begins 2000 years ago when forest people living in what is now modern Finland began to heat and steam their bodies in small enclosed shelters similar in design to the domed lsquosweat lodgersquo of the native people of North America


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HealthBut beyond these and other therapeutic benefits per-

haps the one we mustnrsquot forget is the social and spiritual aspect of sauna We sit or recline with our partners friends and family usually wearing what we came into this world wearing often in gentle light or sometimes with just the glow of the fire if one is lucky enough to use a woodburner fitted with a glass door Just outside the small window the winter sun is fading tree shadows across the snow-covered land lengthen and swallow up the near view terrain in patches of silver and grey and deep blue Daylight is nearly gone The winter cold will keep its grip-but inside the warmth penetrates your skin Your body has been envel-oped in a blanket of dense even heat The air is calm but powerfully radiant the whole space a vessel of comfort

Every now and then the host will pour a ladle of fresh water on the heated stones releasing a plume of steam what Finns call lsquothe spirit of the saunardquo into the hot dry atmosphere The exhilarating feeling of intensified heat is powerful but short-lived as the room quickly returns to the

hot dry state There is a pri-

mal feel to a sauna no matter how modern its construction Your companions breathe at a deliberate even pace warm air in warm air out Church-like near silence seems appropri-ate creating a cadence that is subtle yet pro-found There is no need to speak just now only to relax think deep thoughts

As the quiet deepens other sounds filter in perhaps the drip of water from the melt-ing snow on the roof The fire takes on a life of its own If fuel has just been added the flame will quicken and crackle with life If the fuel load is waning you become aware of the slow exhale of smoke up the flue

Sauna literature is marked by frequent references to the church-like atmosphere within The similarities are obvious They are both places that nourish and renew the spirit But in the sauna your body is cleansed as well The deep calm and sense of well-being that follow a stint in the sauna are difficult to describe or measure but when you finally step to the door it will be with thoughtfulness and reflection

In Finland they say ldquoIf a sick person is not cured by spirits or sauna then there can be no hoperdquo Sauna for life and sauna for health indeed

Nils Shenholm is a life long designer and builder and has provided both traditional and modern saunas from his shop in Duxbury Vermont since 1989 He is a charter member and board member of the North American Sauna Society Learn more and see his work at saunavermontcom

Photos courtesy of the author


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Re-Cycle The Mysteries of RecyclingPart II The Business of RecyclingWhy Recycle

What is 35 miles wide 35 miles long and 300 feet deep Well according to an article posted on the Popular Mechan-ics website on November 13 2008 that is how big the landfill would be if America put all of its garbage for the next 1000 years in one place As big as that seems if it were broken up into thousands of landfills scattered across the entire country it would hardly be noticable The fear that we are running out of space for landfills which was the original impetus for starting recycling programs is unfounded So if we are not running out of space for landfills why bother to recycle and run another fleet of big fuel-guzzling trucks over the same routes that the garbage trucks are already following

That question may have been valid for some in 2008 but today it has been replaced with the question how can we recycle more And it is not just the environmentalists that are asking how It is also being asked by companies such as Waste Management Inc the nations largest solid waste management company In a recent article in Waste amp Recycling News they report that Waste Management believes that their waste stream can eventually be mined for an additional $10 billion to $12 billion of annual revenue Recycling is big business it is profitable and it has social relevance

In fact the business of recycling could very well be the poster child for the triple bottom line business model People Planet and Profit Itrsquos a win-win for everyone We recycle because

it produces profits and attracts investment in new bulltechnologies that increase recovery ratesit creates jobs and stimulates local economiesbullit reduces the amount of energy needed to produce bullnew products and it reduces the demand on our natural resourcesbull

successful the price received for the processed material has to be greater than the cost of producing it

As we pointed out in our Fall issue todayrsquos large-scale recycling efforts are in response to drastic changes in products and consumption habits brought on by events and cultural shifts that began in 1941 As a relatively new industry recycling is still struggling with growing pains and faced with knotty problems

As an evolving industry recycling is constantly chang-ing It is a moving target This spells confusion for the general public as they try to be conscientious and follow the rules of the day for what they can and cannot put in their curbside container In order to cut through the confusion surrounding recycling and to better understand the process we decided to check out a local materials recovery facility or MRF (pronounced ldquomurf rdquo)

An email to Farwest Fibers put us in contact with Vinod Singh the Operations Manager for the companyrsquos Hillsboro plant who quickly arranged a tour date for us Vinod held

A Closer LookThe business of recycling is all based on the principle

that certain items in our everyday trash can be collected separated compacted packaged and then sold as raw material for other industries In order for the process to be

a brief pre-tour meeting to acquaint us with the company its safety concerns and rules Then we donned our hardhats safety glasses and vests and started the tour

When we entered the plant the first impression was utter chaos with noise front-end loaders and a maze of con-veyer belts catwalks people grabbing and tossing stuff and piles and piles of what appears to be garbage

As we proceeded an order and a sense of flow slowly become apparent As Vinod expertly explained what was going on the answer to ldquoHow does it all workrdquo started to come together

There are three different sources of recyclables that enter the facility

curbside collection from residences bull


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wgreenlivingpdxcom

Re-Cyclebulk collection from businesses and bulloutside drop off centers where people deliver and bullsort their items into separate bins The sorting process is different

for each of these and while we were there they were running material from curbside collection The objec-tive is to separate the incoming trash that has no marketable value into different classes of material such as ferrous metals paper and different types of plastics The sorting machin-ery does this by making use of

rotating star shaped discsbullgravitybullforced airbullmagnets andbullpeople bullAfter being sorted the trash now

has marketable valueVinod explained that the machin-

ery has its limitations on what it can and cannot sort and that there are some items that will actually stop the machinery altogether This is why only certain items are allowed in the curb-side bins and all goes well as long as the public pays attention to what they put in their bin

Problems occur when material that should not be there shows up

the employees on the sorting belts are now idle which in turn increases the cost of the recovered materials

After sorting the separated material is then loaded into a baler where it is compressed strapped into large bales and then stockpiled for shipmentWhat Canrsquot Be Recycled and Why

Such items as plastic bags or other forms of plastic film hard plastics such as that found in toys bailing twine styrofoam cooking oil lids non-ferrous pots and pans and shoes are no-nos in your curbside container Thatrsquos because the sort-ing machinery is not designed to separate these items allowing them to get tangled in the machinery or passing them through where they will fall in with non-similar items and contaminate the final product This can result in the buyer rejecting the entire load of material and refus-ing to pay for it

All of the above items can be recycled at the drop off center where the person dropping it off sorts it into the proper bin Since it is now already sorted the material bypasses the sorting machinery and can be quickly checked manually and then go directly to the baler

Then there are those items that cannot be processed by this facility Clothing carpets pet food bags that have plastic liners rubber hoses batteries syringes aerosol cans food bioplastics compostable cups propane bottles window glass disposable diapers and styrofoam peanuts canrsquot be pro-cessed here but can possibly be recycled elsewhere Check with Metro http httpwwworegonmetrogov for more detailed information

And finally there are those items that can be recycled one day and not the next This can be both confusing and frustrating for the public that is making a conscious effort to do the right thing This situation occurs only occasional-ly and is usually caused by a downward shift in the market price that puts it below the cost of processing that material This is beyond the control of the company that collects your recyclables and the company that processes them

Vinod summed up the present state of recycling this way when he first started in the business the in-pile looked like

Recycling ElectronicsIn Good Condition take to

Free Geek - PortlandEcoBinary BeavertonGoodwill Industries - Various LocationsJanus Youth Programs - PortlandOpen House Ministries - VancouverReuse Computers - VancouverSalvation Army - VancouverShare Inc - Vancouver

To Recycle take toEcoBinary-BeavertonCentral Transfer and Recycling Center -

Brush PrairieEmpower Up - VancouverEG Metals - HillsboroFree Geek - PortlandGoodwill Industries - Various LocationsIMS Electronics Recycling - Vancouver Office Depot - VancouverReuse Computer s - VancouverSatellite HHW Collection Events - Various

LocationsTechnology Conservation Group - PortlandTotal Reclaim - PortlandWashougal Transfer Station - WashougalPSC Environmental ServiceWest Van Materials Recovery Center - VancouverFar West Fiber NE Marx Depot - PortlandQuantum Resource Recovery - Portland

While we were there some plastic bags got stuck in the ma-chinery at the very beginning of the process and brought the entire sorting line to a halt One of the workers then had to climb into the machine and remove the plastic film that was entangled in the rotating star shaped discs Meanwhile


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GardeningSavoring Suburbia

By Roger Doiron

Suburbia is to food what cable television is to entertain-ment Just as people moan about having 800 TV channels and nothing good to watch the suburbs have spawned hundreds of food options yet very few of them are fresh local or healthy This is strange when you consider that the original theory behind suburban development was that theyrsquod offer the best of city and country living combined Apparently very few suburban planners got the memo Rather than having delicious country-style foods located within walking or biking distance most suburban residents have to drive 10 minutes just to get to a McRib sandwich

We have been very efficient at turning farms into subdi-visions and Subways over the past 70 years The challenge of the next 70 years lies in turning the suburbs back to farms Of course they wonrsquot be the quaint ldquocow and a barnrdquo farms of our great-grandparents but with a little planning the suburbs can become food-producing landscapes again mdash and in exciting new ways

This summer my family and I are embarking on an adventure to do just that Wersquove always grown a garden to feed ourselves but this year wersquore taking it a step further growing a new suburban farm that my youngest sons ages 12 and 14 will manage They plan to start small by selling salad greens to neighbors mdash delivered by red wagon and bicycle mdash then scale up to a driveway farm stand when the zucchini and tomatoes start coming fast and furiously

Re-Cyclea pile of newspapers with a few cans and some cardboard thrown in today the in-pile looks like a trash pile of cans and plastic bottles with some paper and cardboard mixed in

Recycling has come along way but even at that Orego-nians still send 50 of their trash to the landfill How to raise that percentage will be subject of our next article

Many thanks to Emily Klavins wth the Center for Earth Leadership Michelle Metzler with Waste Management Inc and Vinod Singh with Farwest Fibers for their time suggestions and ideas that made this article possible

My sons are lucky because our Maine town recently passed legislation that allows people to sell their homegrown pro-duce to their neighbors Other towns in our state have gone even further passing ldquolocal food sovereigntyrdquo legislation that supersedes state and federal laws and allows for the produc-tion and sale of a broader range of home-produced foods Irsquom sure these laws will be challenged someday if someone gets sick from eating quiche made from eggs from backyard hens


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GardeningBut hopefully the courts will realize that industrial eggs have spawned many sal-monella outbreaks throughout the years mdash which spread faster among pent-up chicken populations and affect many more people than a neighborhood coop ever could mdash yet wersquove never outlawed selling eggs produced in factory farms

With nearly half of Americarsquos 313 million citizens living in the suburbs wersquore going to need to break a lot of new suburban ground to begin to meet even a small part of our food needs from local-food sources But even more importantly wersquoll need to break with and replace our outdated perceptions of what the suburbs are and should be I am confident that we can and will because frankly we must Suburbiarsquos sprawl has been eating up prime farm-land and our agricultural heritage for decades Now itrsquos time to bite back Is This Legal

You may wonder whether opening a home farm stand is legal In the Doironsrsquo town of Portland Maine residential zoning ordinances were recently revised to include this provision ldquoThe sale of products produced on the property in excess of what is consumed by the oc-cupants of the property is permittedrdquo Ordinances vary by location If you are considering opening a produce stand check with your municipality first

2012 by Ogden Publications Inc

Photo courtesy of the author

Steps You Can Take to Transform Suburbia

Plant a home kitchen garden if bullyou havenrsquot already One of the surest ways of having easy access to fresh fruits and vegetables is to grow them yourselfFind some like-minded people bullin your community and organize them into a locally sourced pot-luck group Itrsquos fun to get together each month to inspire and be inspired by each otherrsquos cookingForget 1990s block parties mdash bullorganize a neighborhood country fair instead Plan sack and egg-on-spoon races for kids and offer prizes for the best locally sourced pies and homegrown veggiesIf your town or city does not bullallow sales of home-produced foods petition your local gov-ernment to consider updating the code The Institute for Food and Development Policy or Food First is a think tank that carries out advocacy and education on community food development Excerpted from Natural Home

amp Garden a national magazine that provides practical ideas inspiring examples and expert opinions about healthy ecologically sound beautiful homes To read more articles from Natural Home amp Garden visit NaturalHomeMagazinecom Copyright


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Food11 Miles of Carrots Help Root-out Hunger in Clark County

By Kim HackDuring the course of our lives some of us will rely on a

food bank for emergency or supplemental food assistance In Clark County about 10000 food boxes are distrib-

uted to over 33000 people per month forty percent of recipients are children This need for food assistance only continues to grow Food boxes traditionally have been an assortment of canned and boxed items Shelf stable food will always be an important part of the food box because of its long storage life offering quick complete meal options and client preferences

In 2009 the Clark County Food Bank made it a priority to bring more fresh whole nutritious fruits and vegetables into the emergency food bank so clients could eat healthier Dietary choices play a central role in everyonersquos health and well-being When individuals and families are given the opportunity to eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods every aspect of life is affected positively The risk of chronic dis-ease is decreased confidence and a sense of self-efficacy are established and day-to-day living becomes more enjoyable

To bring in healthier options Clark County Food Bank began growing carrots in 2009 at the county-owned 78th St

be over eleven MILES of carrots that yields over 30000 pounds of carrots annually

Carrots were selected because they are a charismatic vegetable and popular with most kids and adults alike They are bright orange (although white yellow and even purple ones will pop up) crunchy and slightly sweet Carrots store well and have proven themselves to be a productive crop to grow They also have versatile uses carrots can be eaten raw baked stir-fried juiced or even pickled (highly recom-mended) Thousands of families in need have received these healthful delicious carrots through 29 Clark County Food Bank partnering agencies

In June the fields are prepared for the carrots Then the seeds are sown in time increments to elongate the har-vest season By early August thousands of feathery leafy green carrot tops have emerged The first of the carrots are harvested in AugustThe last of the carrots are harvested in early November Every Saturday during the harvest season from 9am to 1pm volunteers are invited to harvest wash and bag carrots

Heritage Farm Bill Coleman Treasurer and Board Member planted the first seeds of this idea both metaphorically and literally Initial inspiration for this project came from the Emergency Food Networkrsquos Mother Earth Farm an eight acre organic educational farm in Tacoma Washington With the countyrsquos and communityrsquos support and his passion and persistence Coleman began planting carrots Occasion-ally people will refer to the carrot field as a lsquocarrot patchrsquo but that term does not capture the magnitude of this operation If the rows of carrots were lined up end to end there would

Historically the 78th St Heritage Farm was run as a poor farm where people experiencing hard times could be housed and fed The food bank garden continues in that spirit to feed people in our community who are in need Volunteers aged two to 92 have come out to get their hands dirty The farm draws hundreds of volunteers from a wide variety of groups church groups Girl amp Boy Scout Troops local businesses service organizations students interested community members Restorative Justice Youth and Larch Correction Crews

Alan Hamilton Clark County Food Bank Executive Director explains ldquoThe wonderful (and fun) thing about the farm is not just that it brings nutritious food to people who need it but it also provides a great chance to allow for meaningful community engagement -- kids and families


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Foodpulling carrots Additionally it provides good visibility of the need within our communityrdquo

Through intensely sunny days and cold muddy ones volunteer harvesters continue to smile and talk amiably with one another as they pull up carrots Beyond growing carrots this harvest brings people together around a com-mon interest and facilitates important conversations about hunger in our community More and more people are join-ing in on this effort to make healthful locally grown food available to everyone Through the food bank farm sites partner organizationrsquos gardens local farmers and plant-a-row efforts over 135000 pounds of local produce have been grown and distributed through the Clark County Food Bank to people in need

Clark County should be proud of this extraordinary community response towards hunger in our county Col-lectively we will need to continue to grow our efforts one carrot and apple at a time to ensure that everyone is able to eat healthfully and happily

Are you interested in getting involved Email volunteerclarkcountyfoodbankorg call 360-693-0939 and visit wwwclarkcountyfoodbankorg

EducationPlace-based Education Connecting Classroom and Community By David Sobel Somethingrsquos Happening Here

As you stroll down the halls of your neighborhood school at nine orsquoclock on a Wednesday morning you notice that something is different Many of the classrooms are empty the students are not in their places with bright shiny faces Where are they In the town woodlot a for-ester teaches tenth graders to determine which trees should be marked for an upcoming thinning project Down-town a group of middle school students are collecting water samples in an urban stream to determine if therersquos enough dissolved oxygen to support reintroduced trout Out through the windows you can see children sitting on benches writing poems

Down the way a group of students works with a land-scape architect and the math teacher to create a map that will be used to plan the schoolyard garden Herersquos a class-room with students In it eighth graders are working with second graders to teach them about the history of the local Cambodian community In the cafeteria the city solid-waste manager is consulting with a group of fifth graders


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Educationand the school lunch staff to help them design the recycling and composting program Studentsrsquo bright shiny faces are in diverse places in their schoolyards and communities

You donrsquot have to pinch yourself Itrsquos not a dream Place-based education is taking root in urban and rural northern and southern well-to-do and rough-around-the-edges schools and communities across the country Take a whirlwind tour with me as we drop in on some of these happenings

Two recent headlines in the Littleton New Hampshire Courier paint the picture ldquoUsing the River as a Textbookrdquo and ldquoThe Town Becomes the Classroomrdquo Like many small New England cities Littleton turned its back on its downtown river the Ammonusuc at the end of the nineteenth century Now with funding from the Department of Transportation the town is creating a Riverwalk which will connect Main Street with the river and open up a new economic develop-ment zone Working in conjunction with the town planner and the town engineer teachers and community members are engaging students in the design of a river museum at one end of the Riverwalk Different grades will become responsible for the changing exhibitry of the museum High school history students might create exhibits on logging history in the Great Northern Forest Sixth-grade science students will design hands-on water testing activities Perhaps third graders will take on the task of creating the entrance mural as part of their study of local plants and animals

The town is already functioning as a classroom in a novel collaboration between Chutterrsquos General Store and the marketing program at the Littleton High Schoolrsquos vocational center When the well-established downtown candy store realized that its internet sales site was costing more than the revenues it generated the owners looked to the school for a solution The high school needed more space and the mar-keting class was seeking real-world projects The school dis-trict and the town agreed to rehabilitate a space below the candy store to create a marketing classroom for less than it would cost to build new space at the high school By having the marketing class take over Chutterrsquos internet business the students get economics experience and the candy store owners generate a bit of revenue as a result of the reduced labor costs Through a balanced focus on economic devel-opment and environmental preservation the community gets revitalized and the state curriculum standards are met

In Louisiana getting out of the classroom often means getting into mosquitoes so the 4H Club at Caldwell Middle School in Terrebonne Parish took on the real-world chal-lenge of mosquito control One parent whose daughter has asthma was interested in finding ways to control mosquitoes in residential areas without aerial spraying of pesticides First students and teachers started to experi-ment with raising guppies to see if they would eat mosquito larvae But these students got a lesson in ecology when a professor from Nichols State University recommended na-

tive mosquito fish instead because of the problems caused when nonnative species are introduced into local waters Students bred the mosquito fish and then released them into stagnant ponds ditches and even swimming pools Just a fun project Melynda Rodrigue 4H sponsor and Caldwell teacher indicated that math teachers will chart the numbers of offspring and the time period needed to repopulate the tanks science classes will study the fishrsquos life cycle and social studies classes will study the impact on the communityrsquos environment Some students used their writ-ing skills to create a brochure for distribution to the com-munity and other students got public speaking experience through presentations at other schools in the area

In Berkeley California a similar grassroots school-and-community effort has been transformed into a bioregional initiative From one vegetable garden at the Martin Luther King Middle School came the idea to have a garden on every schoolyard in Berkeley which spread to the idea of a garden on every schoolyard in California And since you canrsquot real-istically feed all the children in any one school with produce from one garden why not create connections between local farmers and the school district Instead of freeze-dried bur-ritos trucked in from the Midwest how about burritos with organic beans and cheese grown and produced by area farm-ers who are threatened by suburban sprawl These ideas have led to the creation of the Food Systems Project where the aim is to have all the food in the Berkeley school lunch pro-gram be organic and locally grown within the next decade At the same time food preparation and agriculture educa-tion become an integral part of each schoolrsquos curriculum

The Food Systems Project is funded by the United States Department of Agriculturersquos Linking Farms to Schools initiative the California Department of Health and the Center for Ecoliteracy a broad coalition of funders trying to address the problems of child nutrition school improve-ment and sustainable agriculture in an integrated fashion Project director Janet Brown comments ldquoBy using food as an organizing principle for systemic change the program addresses the root causes of poor academic performance psychosocial behavior disorders and escalating childrenrsquos health issues such as obesity asthma and diabetes At the same time the program connects the loss of farmland and farming as a way of life and the social problems facing school communities (Sobel Orion Afield 2001)

Doesnrsquot it make sensendashusing the daily meal as a focal point for learning Comenius the seventeenth-century education philosopher articulated one of the core precepts of place-based education when he said ldquoKnowledge of the nearest things should be acquired first then that of those farther and farther offrdquo (Woodhouse Thresholds 2001) You canrsquot really get much nearer than the internal micro-environment of your digestive system as a focal point for the curriculum The mosquito-breeding ponds in your backyard and the down-


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Educationtown places where you shop are similarly appropriate con-texts for learning And so as the rallying cry for place-based educators I nominate that popular Beatles refrain ldquoGet back Get back Get back to where you once belongedrdquo Distance from Beauty

If wersquore going to get back we need to look first at where we are now Katie Avery third grade teacher in the White Mountain-encircled town of Gorham New Hampshire got at the crux of the problem during a curriculum planning meeting when she asked ldquoWhy are we using textbooks that focus on landforms in Arizona when we have such amazing resources right in our backyardrdquo Good question Herersquos the picture Gorham sits in the shadow of Mount Washington the loftiest peak in New England and home to the worst weather in the world The Presidential Range has a fascinat-ing alpine zone classic glacial cirques and some of the most awe-inspiring mountain terrain in the country Yet most of the students have never hiked the mountains and the cur-riculum ignores the great local teaching resources Instead geography is taught using pretty pictures of faraway places

Generic textbooks designed for the big markets of Califor-nia and Texas provide the same homogenized unnutritious diet as all those fast-food places on the strip The landscape of schooling looks like sprawl America State-mandated curriculum and high-stakes tests put everyone on the same page on the same day and discourage an attention to signifi-cant nearby learning opportunities Educational biodiversity falls prey to the bulldozers of standardization Schools hover like alien spacecraft luring children away from their home communities More and more we drive a wedge between our children and the tangible beauty of the real world

In the provocatively titled article rdquoHow My Schooling Taught Me Contempt for the Earthrdquo Bill Bigelow illustrates this alienation During his boyhood in the late 1950s he rambled the hills around his home in Tiburon California just across the bridge from San Francisco ldquoI loved the land I spent every after-school moment and every weekend or summer day outside until it got dark I knew where to dig the best underground forts and how to avoid the toffee-like clay soil I knew from long observation at nearby ponds the exact process of a pollywogrsquos transition into a frog and the relative speed of different kinds of snakes garter vs gopher vs west-ern racer (We also) had a lovehate relationship with lsquodevel-opmentrsquo Almost as another natural habitat we played in the houses under construction hide and seek climbing and jump-ing off roofs and rafting in basements when they flooded

ldquoLocated near wetlands grasslands remnant redwood forests and new development the school was well situated for field trips and for social and natural science learning

ldquoHow did our schooling extend or suppress our native earth-knowledge and our love of place Through silence about the earth and the native people of Tiburon Bel-Aire School perched on the slopes of a steep golden-grassed hill

taught plenty We actively learned to not-think about the earth about that place where we were We could have been anywherendashor nowhere Teachers made no effort to incor-porate our vast if immature knowledge of the land into the curriculum Whether it was in the study of history writing science arithmetic reading or art school erected a Berlin Wall between academics and the rest of our lives The hills above the school were a virtual wilderness of grasslands and trees but in six years I canrsquot recall a single lsquofield triprsquo to the wide-open spaces right on our doorstep We became inured to spending days in manufactured space accustomed to watching more earth bulldozed and covered with yet more manufactured spaces (Bigelow 1996)

It was the same everywhere In my mid-twenties I got interested in plant taxonomy After peering at a violet under a hand lens one afternoon I paged through Grayrsquos Manual of Botany trying to understand the difference between stamens pistils and calyxes when poof the proverbial light bulb went on In my mindrsquos eye I saw the much-largerndashthan-life-size model of a flower that had perched on the lab table at the front left corner of my tenth grade biology classroom ldquoThat was a model of flowers that grew right outside the classroom doorrdquo I said to myself in disbelief As a high school biology student my unquestioned misconception was that this was a model of a rainforest flower or at least a far-away flower It never occurred to me that real flowers with real flower parts existed on the school playground Yet I was your true science geekndashcarried a slide rule got over 700 on my biology achievement test and planned on following Martin Arrowsmithrsquos footsteps into biochemical research I was on the ball but most of our teachers had no sense that it was important to connect up the classroom world with the nearby outside world

Place-based education is the antidote to the not-think-ing about the Earth common in many schools Instead of settling for textbook accounts of distant places Katie Avery and the other third graders at Edward Fenn Elementary School worked with a childrenrsquos book author to write and illustrate a book about Gorham As you read it you ldquolaugh at the hilarious adventures of Peewee Skunk Amos Moose and Shylee Beaver go back in time and learn about the history of Gorham visit different places around Gorham today and find out about the jobs people dordquo Is it a surprise that the third grade social studies test scores and civic pride increased as a result of this project Which leads us into a definition for place-based education

Place-based education is the process of using the local community and environment as a starting point to teach concepts in language arts mathematics social studies science and other subjects across the curriculum Emphasizing hands-on real-world learning experiences this approach to educa-tion increases academic achievement helps students develop stronger ties to their community enhances studentsrsquo apprecia-tion for the natural world and creates a heightened commit-


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ment to serving as active contributing citizens Community vitality and environmental quality are improved through the active engagement of local citizens community organizations and environmental resources in the life of the school

Place-based education converts the activist plaint of Not in My Backyard (NIMBY) to Please in my Backyard (PIMBY) As a truly grassroots movement its practitioners draw strength from the image of those hearty dandelions and other herbaceous plants that force their way up through asphalt As William James described ldquoI am done with great things and big things great institutions and big success and I am for those tiny invisible molecular moral forces that work from individual to individual by creeping through the crannies of the world like so many rootlets or like capillary oozing of water yet which if you give them time will rend the hardest monuments of manrsquos priderdquo

Drops of waters and rootlets unite Give me your stu-dents yearning to be free Itrsquos a simple proposition really Bring education back into the neighborhood Connect stu-dents with adult mentors conservation commissions and local businesses Get teachers and students into the com-munity into the woods and on the streetsndashcloser to beauty and true grit Get the town engineer the mayor and the environmental educators onto the schoolyard and inside the four walls of the school This is where we belong

David Sobel is a faculty member at Antioch University NE and author of Place-Based Education Connecting Classrooms amp Communities published by The Orion Society

Education

The Nature Principle People Can Benefit By Reconnecting with Nature

Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill 2012Reviewed by Roger Lohr

The Nature Principle Human Restoration the End of Nature-Deficit Dis-order is by Richard Louv who wrote Last Child in the Woods and has toured around the country rec-ommending that we help kids discover or reconnect with nature This can be called a movement and now Louv is extending his message to adults His premise is supported by research and anecdotes

that the connection to the natural world is fundamental to human health well-being spirit and survival Additionally outdoor experiences may enhance the ability for us to learn and think to expand our senses and improve our physical and mental health

Much of the research cited in The Nature Principle is correlative rather than causal and conclusions are some-times flimsy because the science isnrsquot all in and the available evidence is not entirely consistent But there is no denying that many of us are multitaskers immersed in technology and media prevalence at such a level that Louvrsquos call for us to occasionally unplug boot it down get off line and get outdoors really must be seriously considered

Patients suffering from emotional or physical ailments have had some success with nature-based therapy but there has been more research conducted regarding the impact of nature on mental health We donrsquot really know the negative consequences of our de-natured lives on our health and well-beinghellipand it is difficult to quantify impacts of being outdoors or the lack of being connected to nature

So what is a typical nature therapy prescription Thera-peutic horticulture animal-assisted therapy care farming eco-therapy going for a hike gardening green exercise or adventure visiting a local park trail outings being out-doors in nature alone or with others

Louvrsquos book has a considerable amount of ideas for business developers integration of nature housing design high technology and so on planners creating a restorative workplace using natural elements to improve productivity health and happiness (indoor plants outdoor view abun-dant natural light) product design and new products and services biomimicry (copying something in nature such as using spider silk which is five times stronger than steel) city planners that use natural aspects within the business district vertical farms rooftop gardens planting trees pedestrian and bicycle paths etc Clearly there is a need for a new busi-ness ethic to emerge John Muir said ldquoWhen you tug on a string in nature you find it is connected to everything elserdquo Imagine if such a concept was appropriated by businesses

So what will it take for society to reconnect with nature on a major scale Louv proposes a three ring approach

apply funded direct service programs in schools com-bullmunity organizations conservation organizations etc individuals and volunteers should pound the mes-bullsage drum andnetworked associations without funding among bullcommunities families and individuals helping people to create change in their own lives

Louv took his message about the Nature Principle to a high school in California and a homework assignment for

Book Review

Book Review


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Book Reviewmiddot Classifieds middot Classifieds middot Classifieds middot

Studio Coop Architecture LLCSimple elegant design solutionsPhone 503-962-9194httpwwwstudiocoopcom

middot Classifieds middot

those that attended his presentation was to find a place in nature and spend a half hour alone there Students were asked to write a one page essay about their outdoor experience Overwhelm-ingly they returned from their solitary visit to the outdoors feeling better than when they lefthellipand perhaps their findings can give us hope that we can benefit by regularly connecting with nature

Roger Lohr of Hanover NH owns and edits XCSkiResortscom and has had published articles about sustainability trails and snowsports in regional and national media outlets


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Publisherrsquos Page Getting from Here to There 5Local Notes 6Energy - My Saudi Arabian Breakfast 8Building A Platinum Home for the Golden Years 12 The Earth Advantage Institute 14Transportation - Fuel from Plants 15Electric Vehicle News Mr Graunke and his Dream Car 17RE-World Re-Art Block and Sons iPad Holders 18Eco-Fashion Wearable Food Trimmings 19Health - Sauna for Life 20Recycle - The Mysteries of Recycling Part II 22Gardening - Savoring Suburbia 24Food - Make 11 Miles of Carrots 26Education - Place-based Education 27Book Review- The Nature Principle 30Classifieds 31

Contents


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Education












Book Review

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Education












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wgreenlivingpdxcom






Documents

#19 Winter 2012 Green Living Journal