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19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 1
Welcome
Towards the ‘Semantic Web’: Standards and Interoperability across Document Management and Publishing Supply Chains
ARC Linkage ProjectApril 2006—March 2009
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 2
Agenda
Noon Project Introduction1pm Lunch1.30pm Roundtable Introductions
and Discussion
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 3
Project History
Proposal Submitted May 2005ARC Grant Awarded November 2005Initial Project Meeting February 2006Project Commenced April 2006
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 4
Participants
RMIT UniversityFuji XeroxCommon GroundReference Group MembersAustralian Research Council
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 5
Personnel
Principal Researchers:Bill Cope (University of Illinois)Margaret Jackson (RMIT Business)Mary Kalantzis (University of Illinois)Bill Martin (RMIT Business)
Research Assistants:David Burg (MA)Rachael Dunstan (Manager)Gus Gollings (PhD)Liam Magee (PhD)
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 6
Questions
Background, 2000s: Changes in publishing industries and
supply chains Growth of electronic publishing—both
formal and informal Growth of outsourcing (typesetting,
editorial, pre-press, warehousing) Diversity of rendering formats and
devices iPod phenomenon – no such equivalent
(yet!) for text
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 7
Research Questions
More Background, 2000s: Consolidation among publishers,
retailers (Amazon, Barnes & Noble, Borders) and printer manufacturers (Xerox, HP, Canon, Epson)
Development of publishing standards for documentation creation, metadata, cataloguing, commerce, printing
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 8
Research Questions, continued
More Background, 2000s: Complication of the notion of
‘document’: multimodal, multi-part, compound, interactive, format-determined
Emergence of technical platforms: XML, Semantic Web, Service-Oriented Architecture—possibility more cost-effective, more efficient supply chains
Opportunities (and threats!) for industry
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 9
Practical Research Questions
How does modern publishing work? What are the broad trends? What are the business models, and how are these evolving?
How are standards used in industry? Do they help industry compete/co-operate, and how? What can, if necessary, facilitate better or broader adoption of standards?
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 10
Practical Research Questions, continued
What are the limitations of standard adoption (sometimes argued by large software companies: ‘standards stifle innovation’)?
Industry at a crossroads—follow proprietary or standard formats? Preparedness to ‘open’ data, knowledge to suppliers, customers, partners, the public? Cost-benefit analysis of doing so?
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 11
Practical Research Questions, continued
Does the W3C Semantic Web have a role to play in improving interoperability and supply chain efficiency? If so, how? What to do about semantic incongruity of different standards (e.g. different definitions of ‘document’, ‘creator’, ‘rights’)?
What are the legal implications of greater knowledge sharing between publishing parties?
What prevents or limits participation of communities in publishing? (Technological capacity, economic means, education, other?) Can standards play a role in overcoming such limits?
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 12
Theoretical Research Questions
What is a document? What forms of document metadata exist? How are standards developed? Is there an
ideal standard development path? What is the Semantic Web? How can the Semantic Web describe
documents? Are these document descriptions
consistent with other standards?
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 13
Project Rationale
Assist organisations to anticipate directions in publishing
Promote understanding and use of standards in industry and government—leads to lower costs, improved efficiency, time-to-market
Provide tools and research to help communities engage in publishing
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 14
Project Rationale, continued
Develop some level of capability and understanding of important ‘new wave’ in knowledge management—the Semantic Web
Supply policy recommendations to industry and government relating to standards development, adoption and usage
Highlight commercial opportunities in the ‘new’ publishing market
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 15
Research Methods
Research methods designed for: Broad use of theoretical, empirical and
exploratory methods, designed to encompass a broad and fast-moving field…
Aim to balance industry partner needs with the aims of ‘pure’ research
A mix of contextual and situational analysis with scenario planning.
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 16
Research Methods, continued
Contextual Analysis Review of technical literature of
electronic publishing standards Survey interoperability policies for
state, federal and international government
Survey participants in standards bodies (W3C, OASIS, ISO…)
Survey industry bodies
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 17
Research Methods, continued
Situational Analysis Nine case studies over three years Looking at sites of document creation,
production and use along the publishing supply chain, including print rooms.
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 18
Research Methods, continued
Scenario Planning and Strategy Development
2nd year: Scenario Planning 3rd year: Strategy Development Final report to policy recommendations
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 19
What is the Semantic Web?
Initial answer: an arcane, largely misunderstood technology—more a collection of specifications than a technology
Derives from AI research in 70’s, 80’s, into semantic frames, knowledge representation, knowledge bases. Further back, derives from predicate logic, set theory.
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 20
What is the Semantic Web? continued
Direct applicability: expert systems (e.g. medical, system diagnostics)
Focus on automated reasoning and inference (for example: Given A: ‘All documents are resources’ and B: ‘All books are documents’, we can automatically infer C: ‘Therefore, all books are resources’).
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 21
What is the Semantic Web? continued
Relevance to the Web: provides a standard way to describe the meaning of data across websites
One implication: might allow for structured searches across the Internet. For example: ‘Show me all resources authored by Bill Cope’. Query knows a) not to search ‘bill’, ‘cope’ the common nouns; b) not to search for any author ‘Bill’ or ‘Cope’; c) to show all resources (web pages, articles, books, presentations, MP3 files etc.)
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 22
What is the Semantic Web? continued
Another implication: machines can automatically determine more about data; will help system integration/interoperability—the technical machinery of supply chain integration
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 23
‘Open Publishing Architecture’
Aim: develop blueprints for contemporary publishing houses, departments and communities
‘How-to’ guide for building ‘best-practices’ publishing infrastructure
Relevant to: Large Publishing Operations Community Administration Government Bureaucracy
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 24
‘Open Publishing Architecture’, continued
Details a publishing architecture—processes and system components for all aspects of document production
Maps standards relevant to different process and systems
Supplies policy recommendations Ties together pragmatic and altruistic
aspects of the project – of benefit to industry, government and community
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 25
Work Done So Far
Outreach: project website, brochure and plan
Steps towards refinement of project methodology
Outline of ‘Open Publishing Architecture’
Outline of Case Studies Commenced technical literature review
relating to Semantic Web Establishment of Research Reference
Group Commenced associated research: MA
Business (David Burg); PhD (Gus Gollings and Liam Magee)
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 26
Next Steps
Finish project website, brochure and plan
Refine and document methodology Identify candidate Year 1 surveys (25)
and case studies (3) Ethics approval Author ‘Introduction to the Semantic Web
and Publishing’—a position paper around the proposed research
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 27
Reference Group
Thank you for accepting our invitation.What we are asking of you: Attend Reference Group Meeting (2 days
per year) Provide specific advice in areas of
expertise / interest (rights management, publishing workflow, print production, librarianship, collections management)
Help steer the broad direction of project
Assist in selection of and introduction to interview / case study candidates
Provide any other feedback you wish to!
19 June 2006 Semantic Web & Publishing 28
Questions, Lunch
Administrivia: Suitable date for next meeting—
December 2006? Website address—
http://tsw.cgpublisher.com Contact person—
Gus GollingsMobile: 0417 523 137Email: [email protected]