1862: Antietam and Emancipation. Antietam & Emancipation On your notes worksheet, answer the following question: What does “emancipation” mean?

1862: Antietam and

Emancipation

Antietam & Emancipation

On your notes worksheet, answer the following question:

What does “emancipation” mean?

Antietam & Emancipation

Emancipation – The act of freeing

The War So Far

The War So Far

The Confederacy was hoping that Great Britain and France might help them in the war, giving the Confederacy an advantage.

The War So Far

What was the war about?

Preserving the Union or Freeing the Slaves?

Lincoln’s Problems- 1862

• Britain and France had begun to negotiate with the Confederacy

• Lincoln was harshly criticized for not freeing the slaves (Republicans/Abolitionists)• Lacked the Constitutional authority to free the

slaves • Northerners felt slavery was helping the war

effort in the south.• He needed a Union victory so the

announcement would not seem like an act of desperation

AntietamSeptember 17, 1862

United States Colored Troops

• “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it; if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. What I do about slavery,...I do because I believe it helps to save the Union.”

Antietam

ActivityRead the Battle of Antietam Summary.

Fill in the flow map as a timeline for that battle.

Antietam

Emancipation

Emancipation

Emancipation

Emancipation

His first challenge was that the U.S. Constitution did not prohibit slavery. Individual states could outlaw slavery, but not the U.S. Government.

Emancipation

Lincoln used his background as a lawyer to come up with a solution more or less based on the following questions that I would like you to answer:

Emancipation

Question: What did slave owners legally consider their slaves to be?

EmancipationAnswer: Slaves were considered to be property.

Emancipation

Question: What happens to property that armies capture from their enemy during a war?

Image courtesy Library of Congress

EmancipationAnswer: The property captured (called contraband) belongs to the army that captured it and its government.

Emancipation

ActivityLook at your excerpt from the Emancipation Proclamation.

Let’s read the second and sixth paragraph together.



"That on the first day of January, in the year of

our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-

three, all persons held as slaves within any State

or designated part of a State, the people whereof

shall then be in rebellion against the United

States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever

free; and the Executive Government of the

United States, including the military and naval

authority thereof, will recognize and maintain

the freedom of such persons, and will do no act

or acts to repress such persons, or any of them,

in any efforts they may make for their actual

freedom.

in the confederate states

Jan. 1

1863

The Union Government

will support them


And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose

aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons

held as slaves within said designated States, and

parts of States, are, and henceforward shall be

free; and that the Executive government of the

United States, including the military and naval

authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain

the freedom of said persons.

because of

Already said

Rebellion states

From now on

slaves

Emancipation

The war was no longer just about preserving the union, it was also about freeing the slaves.

Since the war was now about freeing the slaves, the Europeans decided to not get involved with either the Union or the Confederacy.

Facts about the Emancipation Proclamation• The Battle of Antietam provided the necessary

Union victory to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

• It did not free any slaves in Union states, it only freed slaves in rebel states

• Slaves were encouraged to runaway, destroying the Southern economy

• Britain and France were forced to stay out of the war

• Escaped slaves were allowed to join the Union army

• It changed the focus of the war.



In the Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln addressed the enlistment of African Americans in the United States armed forces.

ActivityIn paragraph #8 Lincoln discusses them being accepted into the military. Let’s read it together. Image courtesy Library of Congress


And I further declare and make known,

that such persons of suitable condition,

will be received into the armed service

of the United States to garrison forts,

positions, stations, and other places, and

to man vessels of all sorts in said

service.

People physically capable

man

The military



ActivityRead the excerpt from General Order 143, which created the “United States Colored Troops” (USCT).

Image courtesy National Archives

Image courtesy National Archives

EXCERPT:

I -- A Bureau is established in the Adjutant General's Office

for the record of all matters relating to the organization of

Colored Troops….

VI -- Colored troops may be accepted by companies, to be

afterward consolidated in battalions and regiments by the

Adjutant General. The regiments will be numbered seriatim,

in the order in which they are raised, the numbers to be

determined by the Adjutant General. They will be designated

Regiment of U. S. Colored Troops." (U.S.C.T.)

Government dept. Chief Administrative Officer of the army’s

Brought together groups of soldiers

decided named

Chief Administrative Officer of the army

African Americans & the War

• By Spring 1863 black soldiers were fighting along side whites- the 54th Massachusetts infantry (“Glory”) became known for their bravery in battle.


Question: What do you think were some advantages for the United States in having African Americans serve in the military?


Answer:African Americans joined the United States military in large numbers. Which led to a larger army, one of the deciding factors in the United States defeating the Confederacy.


Key items to remember from today’s lesson

•The “bloodiest” day in American history was the Battle of Antietam, Maryland.


•The Union “victory” at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.


•Great Britain and France remained neutral and did not enter the war on the side of the Confederacy.


•The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in the Confederate States(Eventually all states would free their slaves)


• With African Americans joining the armed forces, the United States had a greater advantage over the Confederate States because of its number of soldiers and sailors.

Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation for Slaves

•More slaves escaped to the north


•African Americans in the north celebrated


•Britain and France decided to withdraw their support and recognition of the Confederacy


•African Americans in the north celebrated

How did Harriet Tubman help the north?

•Spying on the confederates

How did Harriet Tubman help the north?

•Assisting in the escape of hundreds of slaves

How were African American soldiers treated differently

than white soldiers?• They were paid less• They were not given the supplies needed initially

• Initially used for manual labor

• They had to serve under white officers

Documents

1862: Antietam and Emancipation. Antietam & Emancipation On your notes worksheet, answer the following question: What does “emancipation” mean?