1861-1865 THE DIVISIVE POLITICS OF SLAVERY Over the centuries, the Northern and Southern sections of the United States had developed into two very different

1861-1865

THE DIVISIVE POLITICS OF THE DIVISIVE POLITICS OF SLAVERYSLAVERY

Over the centuries, Over the centuries, the Northern and the Northern and Southern sections of Southern sections of the United States had the United States had developed into two developed into two very differentvery different cultural cultural and economic regionsand economic regions

There were also There were also differences in differences in geography and geography and climate, as well as climate, as well as religious differencesreligious differences

THE SOUTH BEFORE THE THE SOUTH BEFORE THE WARWAR

Rural plantation Rural plantation economyeconomy

Relied on slave laborRelied on slave labor ““Peculiar Institution”Peculiar Institution”

created tensioncreated tension Southerners feared Southerners feared

that the loss of that the loss of slavery would mean slavery would mean lose of culturelose of culture

Family working the cotton field on a Plantation

THE NORTH BEFORE THE THE NORTH BEFORE THE WARWAR

The North had a The North had a more diverse more diverse economyeconomy

Industry flourishedIndustry flourished Openly opposed Openly opposed

slavery in the slavery in the South and the new South and the new territoriesterritories

More urbanized More urbanized than Souththan South

BOSTON HARBOR

SLAVERY IN THE SLAVERY IN THE TERRITORIESTERRITORIES

The issue of The issue of whether slavery in whether slavery in California and the California and the West would be West would be legal led to heated legal led to heated debates in debates in CongressCongress

Gold rush led to Gold rush led to application for application for statehood for statehood for CaliforniaCalifornia

COMPROMISE OF 1850COMPROMISE OF 1850 Southerners Southerners

threatened secession threatened secession over issueover issue

Henry ClayHenry Clay again again worked a Compromise worked a Compromise

For the North: For the North: California would be California would be admitted as free stateadmitted as free state

For the South: A more For the South: A more effective effective fugitive slavefugitive slave lawlaw

Residents of New Residents of New Mexico & Utah would Mexico & Utah would vote themselvesvote themselves

CONGRESSIONAL DEBATE

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAWFUGITIVE SLAVE LAW Under the law, runaway Under the law, runaway

slaves were not entitled slaves were not entitled to a trial by juryto a trial by jury

Anyone helping a slave Anyone helping a slave escape was jailed for 6 escape was jailed for 6 months and fined months and fined $1,000 $1,000

Northerners were upset Northerners were upset by the harshness of the by the harshness of the new law and often new law and often helped hide fugitive helped hide fugitive slavesslaves

A HARSH FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW FURTHER INCREASED TENSIONS

UNDERGROUND UNDERGROUND RAILROADRAILROAD

Escape from slavery Escape from slavery was dangerous and was dangerous and meant traveling on foot meant traveling on foot at nightat night

As time went on, African As time went on, African Americans and white Americans and white abolitionists developed abolitionists developed a secret network of a secret network of people who would hide people who would hide fugitive slavesfugitive slaves

””Conductors” would Conductors” would hide runaways in hide runaways in tunnels and even tunnels and even cupboardscupboards

HARRIET TUBMANHARRIET TUBMAN One of the most One of the most

famous conductors famous conductors was Harriet Tubmanwas Harriet Tubman

Tubman escaped Tubman escaped slavery and vowed slavery and vowed to help others do to help others do the samethe same

She made 19 trips She made 19 trips back to South and back to South and freed over 300 freed over 300 slaves (Including slaves (Including her own parents)her own parents)

HARRIET TUBMAN 1820-1913

UNCLE TOM’S CABINUNCLE TOM’S CABIN In 1852, Harriet In 1852, Harriet

Beecher Stowe Beecher Stowe published her published her influential novel, influential novel, Uncle Tom’s CabinUncle Tom’s Cabin

The book stressed The book stressed the moralthe moral evil ofevil of slavery slavery

Abolitionist protests Abolitionist protests increasedincreased

Author Harriet Beecher Stowe

Instant best seller sold 500,000 by 1857

In Review…In Review…

The tension between the North and The tension between the North and South had been increasing during the South had been increasing during the early and mid-1800’s.early and mid-1800’s. Following the Kansas-Nebraska act, Following the Kansas-Nebraska act,

supporters of both sides rushed to the supporters of both sides rushed to the territories to vote territories to vote

Fighting between the groups lead to the Fighting between the groups lead to the nickname “Bleeding Kansas”nickname “Bleeding Kansas”


The Dred Scott case The Dred Scott case Scott claimed that because he had once Scott claimed that because he had once

lived in states where slavery was illegal that lived in states where slavery was illegal that he was freedhe was freed

Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that because Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that because he was a slave he could not file suit in courthe was a slave he could not file suit in court

Taney also said that Congress did not have Taney also said that Congress did not have the power to ban slavery anywhere because the power to ban slavery anywhere because slaves were private propertyslaves were private property


Lincoln – Douglas DebatesLincoln – Douglas Debates Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas held 7 Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas held 7

debates with Abraham Lincolndebates with Abraham Lincoln Major Issues: Majority Rule and Minority RightsMajor Issues: Majority Rule and Minority Rights Lincoln did not believe the majority should be Lincoln did not believe the majority should be

able to deny life, liberty, and the pursuit of able to deny life, liberty, and the pursuit of happinesshappiness

Lincoln did feel that slavery should be allowed Lincoln did feel that slavery should be allowed in the southin the south

In In Review…Review… ““A house divided A house divided against itself cannot against itself cannot stand. I believe this stand. I believe this government cannot government cannot endure, endure, permanently half permanently half slave and half free. slave and half free. I do not expect the I do not expect the Union to be Union to be dissolved – I do not dissolved – I do not expect the house to expect the house to fall – but I do expect fall – but I do expect it will cease to be it will cease to be divided. It will divided. It will become all one become all one thing, or all the thing, or all the other.”other.”

Abraham Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln, Springfield, Illinois, Springfield, Illinois, 18581858


John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid A Northern slave sympathizer A Northern slave sympathizer

gathered a crew of men to gathered a crew of men to attempt to take the federal attempt to take the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, VA.

Colonel Robert E. Lee captured Colonel Robert E. Lee captured Brown, but he became a martyr Brown, but he became a martyr to other anti-slavery rebelsto other anti-slavery rebels

““I John Brown am now quite I John Brown am now quite certain that the crimes of this certain that the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged guilty land will never be purged away; but with Blood”away; but with Blood”


The Election of 1860The Election of 1860 Both the North and the South would not Both the North and the South would not

accept a president from the other sideaccept a president from the other side The Democratic Party split into Northern The Democratic Party split into Northern

and Southern Democratsand Southern Democrats Moderate Southerners and some Moderate Southerners and some

delegates from the border states formed delegates from the border states formed the Constitutional Union Partythe Constitutional Union Party

Republicans nominate Abraham LincolnRepublicans nominate Abraham Lincoln


StephenStephen

Douglas,Douglas,

S. S. DemocratDemocrat

ss

John Bell,

Const.

Union

Honest Abe

Republicans

John Breckinridge

Northern

Democrats


The North supported Lincoln and Douglas, The North supported Lincoln and Douglas, primarily Lincolnprimarily Lincoln

The South fought between Bell and BreckinridgeThe South fought between Bell and Breckinridge Lincoln won every free state except New Jersey, Lincoln won every free state except New Jersey,

which he split with Douglaswhich he split with Douglas Lincoln did not appear on most Southern ballotsLincoln did not appear on most Southern ballots Lincoln won despite winning a single electoral Lincoln won despite winning a single electoral

vote in the Southvote in the South He won with 180 electoral votes but only 39% He won with 180 electoral votes but only 39%

of the popular vote.of the popular vote.

1860 ELECTION RESULTS


The South secedesThe South secedes Although Lincoln did not call for the Although Lincoln did not call for the

repeal of slavery, the South was outraged repeal of slavery, the South was outraged at his electionat his election

South Carolina was the first to secede, South Carolina was the first to secede, followed by 6 other statesfollowed by 6 other states

They formed the Confederate States of They formed the Confederate States of America (CSA) headed by Jefferson DavisAmerica (CSA) headed by Jefferson Davis

Did the South have the right to secede?Did the South have the right to secede?

The War Begins…The War Begins…

Fort SumterFort Sumter Jan 1861 a Union ship was sent to supply Jan 1861 a Union ship was sent to supply

Fort Sumter in Charleston, SCFort Sumter in Charleston, SC Confederate forces fired upon the shipConfederate forces fired upon the ship Early April Lincoln announced he was Early April Lincoln announced he was

sending supplies but not troops, Davis sending supplies but not troops, Davis ordered his General Beauregard to attackordered his General Beauregard to attack

34 hours later, Major Anderson in charge 34 hours later, Major Anderson in charge of the fort surrenderedof the fort surrendered

Fort Sumter, SCFort Sumter, SC

The War Begins…The War Begins…

Lincoln saw this attack an act of Lincoln saw this attack an act of rebellionrebellion

Lincoln then called for volunteers for the Lincoln then called for volunteers for the army, which the South viewed as an act army, which the South viewed as an act of warof war

Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee then joined the south then joined the south

It was now clear that only full-scale war It was now clear that only full-scale war would end the disagreementwould end the disagreement

NORTHERN ADVANTAGESNORTHERN ADVANTAGES Population - 22 millionPopulation - 22 million 90% of ind. goods, esp. 90% of ind. goods, esp.

munitionsmunitions Efficient railroad systemEfficient railroad system Controlled the navy, Controlled the navy,

which could be used to which could be used to blockade southern ports blockade southern ports and shut down the and shut down the southern economysouthern economy

Capable mil. leaders, Capable mil. leaders, inc. Ulysses S. Grantinc. Ulysses S. Grant

Disadvantage: Would Disadvantage: Would have to fight an have to fight an offensive war (long offensive war (long supply lines, unfamiliar supply lines, unfamiliar territory...)territory...)

SOUTHERN ADVANTAGESSOUTHERN ADVANTAGES Confederates had Confederates had

excellent generals too -excellent generals too -Robert E. Lee and Thomas Robert E. Lee and Thomas JacksonJackson

Defending is always easier Defending is always easier than attacking - (familiar than attacking - (familiar w/climate and territory, w/climate and territory, possible psychological possible psychological advantages)advantages)

Farmers fight better than Farmers fight better than factory workersfactory workers

Profitable eco. based on Profitable eco. based on cotton exportscotton exports

But disadvantages…a But disadvantages…a smaller pop. of 9 million smaller pop. of 9 million (inc. 3.5 million slaves)(inc. 3.5 million slaves)

Had to import ind. goods; Had to import ind. goods; veryverylittle munitions productionlittle munitions production

STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES

The Northern strategy The Northern strategy going into the war going into the war included a included a naval naval blockade,blockade, a plan to split a plan to split the Confederacy by the Confederacy by going down the going down the Mississippi river, and Mississippi river, and Capturing the Capturing the Confederate capital city Confederate capital city of Richmond, Virginiaof Richmond, Virginia

The South was content The South was content to have a defensive to have a defensive strategystrategy

U.S.S. St. Louis, First Eads Ironclad Gunboat

THE BATTLE OF BULL THE BATTLE OF BULL RUNRUN

First major bloodshed of First major bloodshed of the war occurred at the war occurred at Bull Bull Run Run near Washington, near Washington, D.C. – Summer 1861D.C. – Summer 1861

This battle made This battle made Confederate General Confederate General Thomas Jackson famousThomas Jackson famous

Nicknamed “Nicknamed “Stonewall Stonewall Jackson”Jackson” he inspired the he inspired the Confederates to hold Confederates to hold firmfirm

Confederate victory Confederate victory boosted moralboosted moral ACTUAL PHOTOS OF BULL RUN AND

GENERAL JACKSON

THE CLASH AT ANTIETAMTHE CLASH AT ANTIETAM Union General George Union General George

McClellan confronted McClellan confronted Confederate General Confederate General Robert E. Lee in Robert E. Lee in Antietam, MarylandAntietam, Maryland

The single bloodiest The single bloodiest day in American day in American history --- 26,000 diedhistory --- 26,000 died

Lee and the Lee and the Confederates Confederates retreated, McClellan retreated, McClellan did not follow- Lincoln did not follow- Lincoln fires himfires him

BLOODIEST DAY IN AMERICAN HISTORY 9/17/1862

EMANCIPATION EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATIONPROCLAMATION

As the war progressed, As the war progressed, Lincoln used his powers Lincoln used his powers to end slaveryto end slavery

Just as Union troops Just as Union troops could seize could seize Confederate supplies, Confederate supplies, Lincoln authorized the Lincoln authorized the army to emancipate army to emancipate slavesslaves

Emancipation was not Emancipation was not so much a moral issue; so much a moral issue; it became a weapon of it became a weapon of warwar

January 18, 1863January 18, 1863

Lincoln on SlaveryLincoln on Slavery

““I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest I would save the Union. I would save it the shortest way under the Constitution. The sooner the national way under the Constitution. The sooner the national authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will authority can be restored; the nearer the Union will be "the Union as it was." If there be those who be "the Union as it was." If there be those who would not save the Union, unless they could at the would not save the Union, unless they could at the same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If same time save slavery, I do not agree with them. If there be those who would not save the Union there be those who would not save the Union unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, unless they could at the same time destroy slavery, I do not agree with them. My paramount object in I do not agree with them. My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.”others alone I would also do that.”

CONSCRIPTION ISSUESCONSCRIPTION ISSUES

Both sides dealt with Both sides dealt with social unrest during social unrest during the Civil Warthe Civil War

Both President Lincoln Both President Lincoln and Confederate and Confederate leader Davis leader Davis suspended suspended Writ ofWrit of Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus

Draft riots occurred in Draft riots occurred in New York City as some New York City as some thought draft process thought draft process was unfair was unfair DEPICTION OF NEW

YORK CITY DRAFT RIOTS

WE INTERRUPT THIS POWERPOINT WE INTERRUPT THIS POWERPOINT FOR A COMPARISON BETWEEN FOR A COMPARISON BETWEEN

ABE LINCOLN AND JOHN KENNEDYABE LINCOLN AND JOHN KENNEDY

LINCOLN AND KENNEDY: A LINCOLN AND KENNEDY: A COMPARISONCOMPARISONAbraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.Abraham Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846.

John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.John F. Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946.Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860.Abraham Lincoln was elected President in 1860.John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.John F. Kennedy was elected President in 1960.The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.The names Lincoln and Kennedy each contain seven letters.Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.Both were particularly concerned with civil rights.Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.Both wives lost their children while living in the White House.Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.Both Presidents were shot on a Friday.Both were shot in the head.Both were shot in the head.Lincoln's secretary was named Kennedy.Lincoln's secretary was named Kennedy.Kennedy's secretary was named Lincoln.Kennedy's secretary was named Lincoln.Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were assassinated by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.Both were succeeded by Southerners.Both successors were named Johnson.Both successors were named Johnson.Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.Andrew Johnson, who succeeded Lincoln, was born in 1808.Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.Lyndon Johnson, who succeeded Kennedy, was born in 1908.John Wilkes Booth, accused of assassinating Lincoln, was born in 1839.John Wilkes Booth, accused of assassinating Lincoln, was born in 1839.Lee Harvey Oswald, accused of assassinating Kennedy, was born in Lee Harvey Oswald, accused of assassinating Kennedy, was born in 1939.1939.Both assassins were known by their three names.Both assassins were known by their three names.Both names comprise fifteen letters.Both names comprise fifteen letters.Booth ran from the theatre and was caught in a warehouse.Booth ran from the theatre and was caught in a warehouse.Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theatre.Oswald ran from a warehouse and was caught in a theatre.Booth and Oswald were both assassinated before their trials.Booth and Oswald were both assassinated before their trials.

AFRICAN AMERICANS FIGHT AFRICAN AMERICANS FIGHT FOR FREEDOMFOR FREEDOM

Although only 1% of Although only 1% of the North’s the North’s population, by the population, by the end of the war end of the war 180,000 African 180,000 African Americans fought for Americans fought for the Union (10% of the Union (10% of Union Army)Union Army)

Though they were Though they were segregated and segregated and earned lower wagesearned lower wages

See: See: GloryGlory

SOLDIERS SUFFERED ON SOLDIERS SUFFERED ON BOTH SIDESBOTH SIDES

Heavy casualties Heavy casualties on both sides were on both sides were worsened by worsened by conditions on the conditions on the fieldfield

DiseaseDisease, poor , poor nutrition, and nutrition, and inadequate medical inadequate medical care were common care were common features of the warfeatures of the war

GETTYSBURG

DISEASE ACCOUNTED FOR 76% OF DEATHS IN CIVIL WAR

WOMEN WORK TO IMPROVE WOMEN WORK TO IMPROVE CONDITIONSCONDITIONS

While women were While women were not in combat, 3,000 not in combat, 3,000 women served as women served as Union nursesUnion nurses

Carla BartonCarla Barton was a was a famous Union nursefamous Union nurse

Known as the “Angel Known as the “Angel on the Battlefield” on the Battlefield” she went on to form she went on to form the the American Red American Red CrossCross after the war after the war

THE NORTH TAKES THE NORTH TAKES CHARGE: SECTION 3CHARGE: SECTION 3

In a small town in In a small town in Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania, the most decisive battle of most decisive battle of the war was foughtthe war was fought

Gettysburg Gettysburg was a was a three-day battle three-day battle fought in July of 1863fought in July of 1863

Union soldiers had Union soldiers had 90,000 troops under 90,000 troops under George Meade and George Meade and 75,000 troops under 75,000 troops under General Lee General Lee

GETTYSBURG JULY, 1863

Gettysburg – The Turning Gettysburg – The Turning PointPoint

Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it was crucial to attack the North on its decided that it was crucial to attack the North on its own territoryown territory

July 1-3, 1863 July 1-3, 1863 Confed. bombardment; Union held firmConfed. bombardment; Union held firm On July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops On July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. Troops

across open fields - Union mowed them down (= across open fields - Union mowed them down (= ""Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge")")

Lee was defeated and retreated to VirgniaLee was defeated and retreated to Virgnia Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the

Western hemisphere.Western hemisphere. Over 100, 000 people died in 3 daysOver 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South invaded the North.It was the last time the South invaded the North.

GETTYSBURGGETTYSBURG The three-day battle The three-day battle

produced staggering produced staggering losses: 23,000 Union losses: 23,000 Union soldiers and 28,000 soldiers and 28,000 Confederate soldiers Confederate soldiers were wounded or were wounded or killedkilled

After the Confederate After the Confederate retreat, Lee gave up retreat, Lee gave up any hope of invaded any hope of invaded the North and the North and retreated retreated ROBERT E. LEE

GETTYSBURG ADDRESSGETTYSBURG ADDRESS In November 1863, a In November 1863, a

ceremony was held ceremony was held to dedicate a to dedicate a cemetery in cemetery in GettysburgGettysburg

Abe Lincoln spoke Abe Lincoln spoke for less than two for less than two minutes, but inspired minutes, but inspired a nation with his a nation with his addressaddress

Some say his Some say his GettysburgGettysburg AddressAddress “remade America” “remade America”

GRANT WINS AT GRANT WINS AT VICKSBURGVICKSBURG

In the Spring of In the Spring of 1863 Union 1863 Union General General Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant fought to take fought to take Vicksburg, Vicksburg, MississippiMississippi

Grant ordered two Grant ordered two frontal attacks on frontal attacks on VicksburgVicksburg

He succeeded in He succeeded in splitting splitting Confederate forcesConfederate forcesU.S. GRANT MEMORIAL

CONFEDERACY WEARS CONFEDERACY WEARS DOWNDOWN

After the twin defeats After the twin defeats at Gettysburg and at Gettysburg and Vicksburg, the Vicksburg, the Confederate forces Confederate forces morale was destroyedmorale was destroyed

Many Southern Many Southern soldiers had desertedsoldiers had deserted

Grant and Grant and General General Tecumseh ShermanTecumseh Sherman were now in control of were now in control of the Union Armythe Union Army

They aimed to destroy They aimed to destroy the will of the the will of the ConfederatesConfederates UNION GENERAL SHERMAN

SHERMAN’S MARCHSHERMAN’S MARCH In the spring of 1864, In the spring of 1864,

Sherman began his Sherman began his march southeast march southeast through Georgia to the through Georgia to the coastcoast

His troops created a His troops created a pathpath of destructionof destruction as as they burned homes, they burned homes, destroyed livestock and destroyed livestock and railroadsrailroads

After reaching the sea, After reaching the sea, his troops (included his troops (included 25,000 former slaves) 25,000 former slaves) turned Northwardturned Northward

ELECTION OF 1864ELECTION OF 1864 Despite the war, politics Despite the war, politics

continued as the North continued as the North held a presidential held a presidential election in 1864election in 1864

While some Northerners While some Northerners were dismayed as to were dismayed as to the length of the war the length of the war and Lincoln was and Lincoln was pessimistic about his re-pessimistic about his re-election, he defeated election, he defeated General McClellan easilyGeneral McClellan easily

DISGRUNTED GENERAL MCCLELLAN LOST 1864 ELECTION

SURRENDER AT SURRENDER AT APPOMATTOXAPPOMATTOX

On April 3, 1865, Union On April 3, 1865, Union troops conquered troops conquered Richmond, the Richmond, the Confederate capitalConfederate capital

On April 9, 1865 in a On April 9, 1865 in a Virginia town called Virginia town called Appomattox, Lee and Appomattox, Lee and Grant met to arrange a Grant met to arrange a Confederate surrenderConfederate surrender

At Lincoln’s request the At Lincoln’s request the terms were generousterms were generous

LEE SURRENDERS TO GRANT

DEADLY WAR BRINGS DEADLY WAR BRINGS CHANGESCHANGES

The Civil War was the The Civil War was the deadliest war in deadliest war in American historyAmerican history

Over 620,000 died -Over 620,000 died -nearly as many as all nearly as many as all other U.S. wars other U.S. wars combinedcombined

The role of the federal The role of the federal government increasedgovernment increased

Economically the gap Economically the gap between North and between North and South widened South widened

U.S. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.

The Union armies had from 2,500,000 to 2,750,000 men. Their losses, by the best estimates:

Battle Battle deaths:deaths:

110,07110,0700

Disease, Disease, etc.:etc.:

250,15250,1522

TotalTotal 360,22360,2222

The Confederate strength, known less accurately because of missing records, was from 750,000 to 1,250,000. Its estimated losses:Battle Battle

deaths:deaths: 94,00094,000

Disease, Disease, etc.:etc.:

164,00164,0000

TotalTotal 258,00258,0000

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WarWar DeathsDeaths

% of % of Total Total War War

DeathsDeaths

Year for Year for PopulatiPopulati

on on EstimatEstimat

ee

Estimated Estimated PopulatPopulat

ionion

Deaths/Deaths/PopulatPopulat

ionion

RevolutionRevolutionary Warary War 4,4354,435 0%0% 17831783 2,963,7262,963,726 0.15%0.15%

War of War of 18121812 2,2602,260 0%0% 18151815 8,439,1678,439,167 0.03%0.03%

Mexican Mexican WarWar 13,28313,283 1%1% 18481848 21,966,17121,966,171 0.06%0.06%

Civil WarCivil War 624,511624,511 49%49% 18651865 35,000,8435,000,8466

1.78%1.78%

Spanish-Spanish-AmericaAmerican Warn War

2,4462,446 0%0% 18981898 73,565,68873,565,688 0.00%0.00%

World War World War 11

116,516116,516 9%9% 19181918 103,262,92103,262,9299

0.11%0.11%

World War World War 22

405,399405,399 32%32% 19451945 141,745,18141,745,1844

0.29%0.29%

Korean WarKorean War 36,51636,516 3%3% 19531953 159,725,01159,725,0111

0.02%0.02%

Vietnam Vietnam WarWar 58,15258,152 5%5% 19731973 210,274,08210,274,08

110.03%0.03%

THE 13THE 13THTH AMENDMENT AMENDMENT

Lincoln believed a Lincoln believed a Constitutional Constitutional Amendment was Amendment was needed to ensure needed to ensure freedom for slavesfreedom for slaves

The 13The 13thth Amendment Amendment outlawing slavery outlawing slavery was ratified in 1865was ratified in 1865

LINCOLN IS LINCOLN IS ASSASSINATEDASSASSINATED

On April 14, 1865 On April 14, 1865 Lincoln was shot in the Lincoln was shot in the head while attending a head while attending a play in Washington, play in Washington, D.C.D.C.

He was the first He was the first president ever president ever assassinatedassassinated

His killer, John Wilkes His killer, John Wilkes Booth escaped, but was Booth escaped, but was shot and killed latershot and killed later

More than 7,000,000 More than 7,000,000 Americans turned out Americans turned out to mourn -1/3to mourn -1/3rdrd of of populationpopulation

The play was a British comedy called, My American Cousin

The Monitor

C.S.S. HunleyC.S.S. Hunley

New TechnologyNew Technology Ironclad BoatsIronclad Boats Gattling GunsGattling Guns Rifled boresRifled bores First Submarine! First Submarine! Land MineLand Mine GrenadesGrenades

1862 Gatling Gun1862 Gatling Gun

Civil War CannonCivil War Cannon

Civil War Battle SongsCivil War Battle Songs

Battle Hymn of the Republic Battle Hymn of the Republic DixielandDixieland

POLITICAL / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSPOLITICAL / ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS w/o Southerners in fed. gov't, many changes occurred w/o Southerners in fed. gov't, many changes occurred

that benefited the North:that benefited the North: Homestead ActHomestead Act passed by Congress in 1862 - passed by Congress in 1862 -

encouraged W. expansion w/o slaveryencouraged W. expansion w/o slavery - 165 acres given to anyone who would farm it 5 yrs.- 165 acres given to anyone who would farm it 5 yrs.

Union-Pacific RailwayUnion-Pacific Railway was authorized - great trade was authorized - great trade potential, focused on the Northern States.potential, focused on the Northern States.

TariffsTariffs were put in place to protect Northern industry were put in place to protect Northern industry

Congress established a single Congress established a single federal currency - same value federal currency - same value in all states - known as in all states - known as "Greenbacks""Greenbacks"

To cover war debts, Union To cover war debts, Union gov't issued gov't issued war bondswar bonds and and intro'd intro'd income taxincome tax

In a further illustration of In a further illustration of fed. gov't power, Lincoln's fed. gov't power, Lincoln's gov't restricted civil liberties gov't restricted civil liberties so nothing would detract so nothing would detract from Union war effort from Union war effort (suspended (suspended Habeas CorpusHabeas Corpus))

free press/ speech also free press/ speech also interruptedinterrupted

1864 Election1864 Election - only in Union - only in Union pitted Republican Lincoln pitted Republican Lincoln

against Democrat General against Democrat General McClellan McClellan Lincoln won Lincoln won easily, assuring that war easily, assuring that war will continue (N. will continue (N. Democrats wanted an end)Democrats wanted an end)

EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAREFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR creation of a single unified countrycreation of a single unified country abolition of slaveryabolition of slavery increased power to fed. gov't – killed the increased power to fed. gov't – killed the

issue of states rights issue of states rights U.S. now an industrial nationU.S. now an industrial nation a stronger sense of nationalisma stronger sense of nationalism w. lands increasingly opened to settlementw. lands increasingly opened to settlement South was economically and physically South was economically and physically

devastated, w/ the plantation system devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus crippled...thus ReconstructionReconstruction (rebuilding (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained...remained...

Documents

1861-1865 THE DIVISIVE POLITICS OF SLAVERY Over the centuries, the Northern and Southern sections of the United States had developed into two very different