Upload
basil-hill
View
226
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
1790-1720 very strong
1610-1590,1600-1580 and1510-1490
Modif.EpoxiesPolycarbo=nates
Alkyd-,Polyesters,Cellulose=ether,PVC (plasticized)
Polyvinyl=acetate,PVC-copo=lymers
Cellulose=esterPolyure=thane
Acrylics,Polyester Phenol
derivatives,Epoxies
Polystyrenes,Arylsilicones,Aryl-alkyl=Silicone Co=polymers
Polyamides,amines
Nitrocellulosecellophan
Cellophan, Alkylcellulose,PVA, PEO
PAN, PVC,Polyvinyliden chlorid,POM
Alkylsilicone,aliphatic hy=drocarbons,Polytetra=Fluorethylene,Thiokol
1450 -1410 sharp1680 - 1630 strong
1550 - 1530
1610 –1590,1600 – 1580 and1510 - 1490
3500 - 3200
1100 - 1000
1450 - 1410 sharp840 - 820
3500 - 3200
strong
All numbers have the meaning of wave numbersand are given in cm-1
yes no
Inte
nsi
ty, arb
itra
ry u
nit
s
1/d= 2/n (1/ n = number of minima between two maxima and
wave length
3500-3200 cm-1
1790-1720 cm-1
1610-1590
1600-1580 cm-
1
1510-1490
1680-1630 cm-1 1550-1530 cm-1
Polyamid
epoxies, polycarbonate, alkyd resins, polyesters,cellulose-ether, PVCpoly(vinyl acetate), PVC-copoly., cellulose ester, PUacryl polymers
Phenol resins, epoxies, aryl polymers
1790-1720 cm-1
modified epoxides, polycarbonate, Alkyd resins, polyester, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, PVC (plast), PVAc, PVC-copolym., PU, acrylics
1610-1590 1600-1580 cm-1
1510-1490
modified epoxides, polycarbonate, Alkyd resins, polyester, cellulose ester, cellulose ether, PVC (plast)
820-840 cm-1
Modified epoxies, polycarbonate polycarbonate
?
polycarbonate
1610-15901600-1580 cm-1
1510-1490 1450-1410 cm-1
1100-1000 cm-1
typical pattern of normal PC
typical pattern of PU
C-O-C-ether region
Poly (ether urethane)
? cellulose ester or polyurethane ?
Infrared Spectroscopy: 760 nm….1mm
near infrared“quartz-infrared”
~ 10,000…4,000 cm-1
NIR
middle infrared“conventional” infrared~4,000…250 cm-1
far infrared< 250 cm-1
use of quartz cuvettes and light pipeshigher order absorptions (lower intensity)liquids can be measured in thicker layers
NIR
•Hydrogen-containing groups are dominant•Information is often implicid, coupled vibrations•Not suited for trace analysis
•Easy analysis of aqueous solutions•Process-analysis•Use of light-pipes even without cuvette (reflection)•Easy analysis of powders using diffuse reflection•Characterisation of fillers•Determination of water contents in liquids and solids
4000 cm-1…50 cm-1
fundamental vibrations4000 cm-1…400 cm-1
fundamental vibrations12500 cm-1…4000 cm-1
overtones & combinations
scattering absorption absorption
monochromatic excitation source dispersed polychromatic radiation
information from scattered radiation information from absorbed radiation
homonuclear functionalitieschanges in polarizability
polar functionalitieschanges in dipol moment
CH/OH/NHfunctionalities
high structural selectivity high structural selectivity low structural selectivity
Iraman~ c Lambert-Beer-Law Lambert-Beer-Law
no sample preparation required
no sample preparation required
sample preparation required (except ATIR)
sample volume µLsample thickness µm
sample thickness up to cm-rangesample volume µLsample thickness µm
light-fiber optics>100 m
light-fibre optics>100 mlimited
Raman MIR NIR
general pertubationmechanical, electric, electro-magnetic, chemical,…
Electro-magnetic probeIR
X-ray, UV-vis, NMR,…