1775-1815

The Thirteen Colonies of the United States

• Were British colonies in North America.• Divided into 3 groups• New England- New Hampshire,

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut• Middle Colonies- New York, New Jersey,

Pennsylvania, Delaware• Southern Colonies-Maryland, Virginia, North

and South California, Georgia

1774 Sugar Act

• English try to make people buy English products (Sugar, molasses)

• French products had taxes put on them to make more expensive

• Caused difficulty to markets (reduced where they could sell products)

• Reduced amount of money they could spend on other goods

1765 Stamp Act

• Legal documents, newspapers, deeds, mortgage

• Purpose was to support the army

• Merchants boycotted the British goods because of the law

• Tax collectors were terrorized

• In 1766 the stamp act was withdrawn

1767 Townshend Act

• Taxes were placed on glass, silk , paper, paint and lead .

• The sale of British goods felled by almost 2/3

• In 1770 the taxes were dropped on everything but tea

1773 Tea Act

• The east Indian company was given the right to sell tea

• Ships of the Indians were refused admittance

• At the Boston tea party 3 shiploads of tea was destroyed

• Boston was closed to all shipping until the tea was paid.

1774 The Intolerable Acts

• Boston closed to all shipping until all the destroyed tea was paid for.

• Public meetings forbidden, 4000 British troops stationed

• Quebec act gave control of the Ohio territory, the largest piece of land in North America

Taxation Without Representation

• Between 1763-1775 the Thirteen Colonies were taxed by the British government after the war

• There was no representatives in the thirteen colonies to speak on their behalf, and they could not elect any

• The people of the thirteen colonies were very angry at this decision made by the British

• The funds from the taxes were used to support the armies and fortresses for the British

• This was a pointless waste of money, because they war had already ended

Why are the following events/concept important to

Canada’s upcoming Nationhood?

American Revolution and the Refugees

• in 1775 protests became armed fights

• Thirteen companies invaded Quebec on New Year’s Eve

• General Ben Franklin and Montgomery

• People of Nova Scotia did not join the revolution

The Constitutional Act of 1791

• Gave the people of Upper and Lower Canada Their own Legislative Assemblies and representative government

• Aim was to recognize the bicultural nature of Quebec by dividing it into 2 colonies:Upper and Lower Canada

• Each got its own laws and systems of government

• Upper Canada to have its own English civil law and criminal law

Loyalists (Tories)

• They were loyal to Britain• Businesses were destroyed and homes taken

away by Patriots. Even after treaty of Paris this still continued

• The arrival of the loyalists created 2 new colonies. Brunswick formed from part of nova Scotia and Quebec was split into upper and lower Canada

• Most Iroquois were loyalists• British government protected loyalists

British Colony of New Brunswick

• Nova Scotia split into two colonies of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick

• Loyalists had all lot of reasons for two colonies

• made Representative government

• First Legislature met in 1788

Migration Northward

• Loyalists or Tories left from the Thirteen colonies

• Traveled to Canada, Britain, and the West Indies

• They left because of the disagreements with the patriots that the British should be overthrown

• This caused new settlements all over Canada

The War Of 1812

• June 18, 1812 United States Declare war on Britain

• War started as part of ongoing conflict between Britain and America

• Britain Seized American Ships • Americans try to take over Canada• Canada fight of Americans• War of 1812 made Canadians Feel more

individual• Canada become more close to Britain

Captain James Cook

• James Cook was a English explorer, navigator and cartographer.

• Made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean achieving the first European contact with the eastern coastline.

• Was the first to map Newfoundland• Joined the royal navy in 1775

Captain George Vancouver

• Was an officer for the Royal Navy

• Was best known for his exploration of North America including the pacific along British Colombia

Simon Fraser

• Was a fur trader and explorer who explored most of what is now British Colombia

• Was employed by the North West Company

• He had been put in charge of all the trading posts west of the Rocky Mountains

David Thompson

• Was born in London, England, on April 30 1770

• In 1786 he journeyed inland along the North Saskatchewan River to Manchester House