END OF SPANISH RULE1760-1821

Spain Acquires Louisiana

Great Britain defeats France in the Seven Year’s War (1756-1763) Changed the balance of power in the

Americas. Great Britain gained Canada and all

French land east of the Mississippi River. Spain received New Orleans

France was no longer a threat in North America

Spain Closes East Texas Missions Spain sends Marques de Rubi to

investigate the need for missions in Texas. Suggested that Spain abandon all missions in

Texas except those at San Antonio and Goliad Also suggested forming alliances with the

Comanches Suggested that settlers in East Texas move

closer to San Antonio for protection. 1773, three remaining missions in Texas

closed and the 500 settlers in the area moved to San Antonio

Nacogdoches Founded

East Texas settlers pleaded for permission for the families to return to their former homes.

Governor de Ripperda refused, but allowed some to settle along the Trinity River.

Crop failure, small pox, and Comanche forced the colonists to move.

1779, Settlers moved back into East Texas and built the town of Nacogdoches, without government approval.

Spain Helps the American Colonists Spain supported the American

revolutionaries against Britain. Opened the port of New Orleans to

American ships and supplied weapons, clothing, money, and medical supplies to troops.

US Buys Louisiana

Louisiana Purchase 1800, Spain was forced to give

Louisiana back to France. US purchased the territory from

France for $15 million. Doubled the size of the US

Gave the US a border with Spain

Border Disputes

US insisted American territory extended to the Sabine River Possibly include all of Texas

Spain claimed the land all the way to the Calcasieu River in Louisiana

General James Wilkinson (US) and Colonel Simon de Herrera (Spain) compromised, saying no one would occupy the “neutral ground.” Became a haven for people trying to escape the law

1819, Adams-Onis Treaty signed Spain transferred Florida to the US Boundary between US and Spain set at the Sabine US surrendered all claim to Texas

Americans Migrate to Texas Philip Nolan

Filibuster Mustang trader Spain suspected he was a spy working

for General Wilkinson Warned by Spanish officials to stay out

of Texas `Nolan ignored the warning and was

ambushed and killed while on a horse capturing expedition

Hidalgo Calls for Independence Best jobs were reserved for men sent

from Spain as administrators. Taxes in Mexico increased to help

pay for wars in Europe. September 16, 1810 – Father Hidalgo

issued a call for freedom from Spain. Tried to capture Mexico City in 1811 Captured and executed “Father of Mexican Independence”

Gutierrez-Magee Expedition Wanted to free Texas from Spanish rule Planned to establish a government in which voters

would choose people to represent them. Republic

Republican Army of the North First action was to cross the Sabine River and capture

Nacogdoches. Captured Goliad

Magee killed defending Goliad from a Spanish siege Spaniards involved in the siege retreated to San Antonio

The RAotN, now led by Samuel Kemper, chased the Spaniards and captured San Antonio

Issued a declaration of independence for Texas

Disagreements and Defeats

Americans favored a government with elected officials, like that of the United States.

Mexicans preferred a government with appointed officials, like New Spain.

Americans wanted Texas to become independent or a part of the United States.

Mexicans wanted Texas to remain part of Mexico.

August 1813, the Republican Army is defeated near San Antonio.

Revolutionaries and Pirates French pirate Louis Michel Aury

Captured Spanish vessels along the coast of Texas

Jean Laffite Controlled Galveston Island Had aided the American Army against the

British in the War of 1812 Captured Spanish vessels in the Gulf of Mexico Eventually sailed to the Caribbean

According to legend, he buried a treasure of gold and silver on one of the islands along the Gulf Coast, but it has never been found.

James Long

From Mississippi Filibuster Objected to the United States giving up claim to Texas. Summer 1819, Long led an army of 300 to capture

Nacogdoches. Declared Texas was a free and independent republic with Long as

President. Journeyed to Galveston to ask Jean Laffite for help.

Laffite refused Spanish troops attacked and defeated Long’s army while he was in

Galveston. Long recruited more rebels out of Louisiana and returned to

Texas, attacking Galveston Bay. Long and his troops capture Goliad but were surrounded by

Spanish troops and forced to surrender. Taken to Mexico City and killed.