17395111 Powerpoint Presentation on AIDS (2)

8/9/2019 17395111 Powerpoint Presentation on AIDS (2)

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DescriptionDescription Nursing InterventionsNursing Interventions


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Compiled By: Chedan B. C.Compiled By: Chedan B. C.BSN 4, SLU C!NBSN 4, SLU C!N

B.C., "hils.B.C., "hils.


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#e$erences:#e$erences: %ohnson, %oyce &. %ohnson, %oyce &. Brunner & Suddarths Textbook of Medical-SurgicalBrunner & Suddarths Textbook of Medical-Surgical

NursingNursing '(('(( thth ed.). "hiladelphia: Lippincott *illiams + *il ins, - /.ed.). "hiladelphia: Lippincott *illiams + *il ins, - /.

Bartlett, %ohn 0.Bartlett, %ohn 0. "Acquired I unode!cienc S ndro e#""Acquired I unode!cienc S ndro e#"1icroso$t2 3ncarta2 - 5D6D7. #edmond, *8: 1icroso$t1icroso$t2 3ncarta2 - 5D6D7. #edmond, *8: 1icroso$tCorporation, - /.Corporation, - /.


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8ll in$ormation contained in this8ll in$ormation contained in this compilationcom

pilation is intended only as ais intended only as aguide

guide 'especially $or student nurses) regarding nursing'especially $or student nurses) regarding nursinginterventions $or patients su9ering 8IDS. #elevant pictures thatinterventions $or patients su9ering 8IDS. #elevant pictures thatare included here ere ta en $rom an ac no ledged source.are included here ere ta en $rom an ac no ledged source.#e$erences, as presented a;ove, may ;e utili


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DescriptionDescription


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de=ned as the most severe $orm o$ ade=ned as the most severe $orm o$ acontinuumcontinuum o$ illnesses associated itho$ illnesses associated ithhuman immunode=ciency virus '>I6)human immunode=cien

cy virus '>I6)in$ectionin$ection

>I6>I6 : ;elongs to a group o$ viruses no n: ;elongs to a group o$ viruses no nasas #3?#!6I#US3S#3?#!6I#US3S 'type o$ viruses that'type o$ viruses thatcarry their genetic material in the $orm o$carry their genetic material in the $orm o$ri;onucleic acidri;onucleic acid 5#N87 rather than5#N87 rather thandeo@yri;onucleic acid 5DN87.deo@yri;onucleic acid 5DN87. 5"icture ta en $rom5"icture ta en $rom3ncarta 3ncyclopedia73ncarta 3ncyclopedia7


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>uman Immunode=ciency 6irus ?he human immunode=ciency virus '>I6)principally attac s CD4 ? cells, a vital part o$

the human immune system. 8s a result, the;odyAs a;ility to resist opportunistic viral,;acterial, $ungal, proto


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? Lymphocyte In$ected *ith>I6By in$ecting CD4 ?lymphocytes, a type o$ hite;lood cell, >I6 ea ens theimmune system and leavesthe in$ected individual open to

deadly in$ections. ?he virusesgain access to a ? lymphocyte;y attaching to CD4 proteinson the outer sur$ace o$ the cellmem;rane.Microsoft Encarta

2009. 1993-2008Microsoft Corporation. Allrights reserved.


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'neu oc stis carinii pneumonia is theleading cause o$ death among people ith>I6 in$ection, ;ut the incidence o$ certaintypes o$ cancers such as B cell lymphomasand aposiAs sarcoma is also increased.Neurological complications and dramatic

eight loss, or asting, are characteristico$ endstage >I6 disease '8IDS). >I6 can ;etransmitted se@uallyE through contact ith

contaminated ;lood, tissue, or needlesEand $rom mother to child during ;irth or;reast$eeding. Full ;lo n symptoms o$8IDS may not develop $or more than (

years a$ter in$ection.


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8ccording to %ohnson '- /), B cell8ccording to %ohnson '- /), B celllymphomas, such as non >odg inAslymphomas, such as non >odg inAslymphoma, are the second mostlymphoma, are the second mostcommon 8IDS related cancer 'thecommon 8IDS related cancer 'the

=rst is aposiAs Sarcoma). ?hey=rst is aposiAs Sarcoma). ?heydevelop outside the lymph nodesdevelop outside the lymph nodes'mostly in the ;rain, ;one marro ,'mostly in the ;rain, ;one marro ,

and 0I?), gro aggressively, a9ectand 0I?), gro aggressively, a9ectmultiple organs, and e@hi;itmultiple organs, and e@hi;itresistance to treatment, hich mayresistance to treatment, hich may;e complicated ;y severe;e complicated ;y severehematologic [email protected] to@icity.


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8ccording to 1icroso$t 3ncarta8ccording to 1icroso$t 3ncarta'- ), aposiAs sarcoma is a rare'- ), aposiAs sarcoma is a raretype o$ cancer o$ vascular tissue intype o$ cancer o$ vascular tissue inthe s in or internal organs. 8 morethe s in or internal organs. 8 more

aggressive $orm occurs in a;out oneaggressive $orm occurs in a;out onethird o$ patients ith acGuiredthird o$ patients ith acGuiredimmunode=ciency syndrome '8IDS),immunode=ciency syndrome '8IDS),

primarily in homose@ual or ;ise@ualprimarily in homose@ual or ;ise@ualmen. 8ccording to the 8mericanmen. 8ccording to the 8mericanCancer Society, aposiAs SarcomaCancer Society, aposiAs Sarcomacauses or contri;utes to death incauses or contri;utes to death in

erha s H ercent o$ 8IDS cases.erha s H ercent o$ 8IDS cases.


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1agic %ohnson3arvin %ohnson, ho played his entire NationalBas et;all 8ssociation 'NB8) career ith theLos 8ngeles La ers, earned the nic name1agic a$ter an e@traordinary per$ormance in ahigh school game. %ohnson as named NB8most valua;le player in ( / , ( / , and ( .In ( ( %ohnson learned that he had ;eenin$ected ith the virus that causes acGuiredimmunode=ciency syndrome '8IDS), and hestarted an educational campaign to raise

a areness o$ the disease.Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rightsreserved.


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0reg Louganis8merican diver 0reg Louganis is seenhere in the *ike position during the Hmeter spring;oard competition at the( / "an 8merican 0ames. >isvictory in this event as one o$ hismany triumphs during the ( / s,

hen he dominated internationaldiving. >e also on the spring;oardand plat$orm diving events at the!lympic 0ames in ;oth ( /4 and( //. In ( H he appeared in theBroad ay play +e,re # ? o years laterhis memoir Breaking the Surface aspu;lished, and in it he revealed thathe su9ered $rom acGuiredimmunode=ciency syndrome '8IDS).Microsoft Encarta 2009. 1993-2008 Microsoft Corporation.


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Nursing InterventionsNursing Interventions


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8ssess respiratory status, mental status,8ssess respiratory status, mental status,and s in color at least daily.and s in color at least daily.Note and document presence o$ coughNote and document presence o$ cough

and Guantity and characteristics o$and Guantity and characteristics o$sputumE send specimen $or analysis assputumE send specimen $or analysis asordered.ordered.3ncourage adeGuate rest 'this minimi


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8ssist patient into a position 'high or8ssist patient into a position 'high orsemi Fo lerAs) that $acilitates ;reathingsemi Fo lerAs) that $acilitates ;reathingand air ay clearance.and air ay clearance.

3valuate Juid volume statusE encourage3valuate Juid volume statusE encourageinta e up to H liters daily.inta e up to H liters daily."rovide humidi=ed o@ygen, suctioning,"rovide humidi=ed o@ygen, suctioning,intu;ation, and mechanical ventilation asintu;ation, and mechanical ventilation asnecessary.necessary. 5"icture ta en $rom 3ncarta 3ncyclopedia75"icture ta en $rom 3ncarta 3ncyclopedia7


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8ssess s in and oral mucosa $or changes8ssess s in and oral mucosa $or changesin appearance, location and si


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8dvise patients ith $oot lesions to ear8dvise patients ith $oot lesions to earhite cotton soc s and shoes that do nothite cotton soc s and shoes that do not

cause $eet to perspire.cause $eet to perspire.3ncourage patient to avoid scratching, to3ncourage patient to avoid scratching, to

use nona;rasive, and nondrying soaps ,use nona;rasive, and nondrying soaps ,and to use nonper$umed s in moisturi


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8ssess perianal region $or impaired s in8ssess perianal region $or impaired s inintegrity and in$ection.integrity and in$ection.Instruct patient to eep the area as cleanInstruct patient to eep the area as cleanas possi;le, to cleanse a$ter each ;o elas possi;le, to cleanse a$ter each ;o el

movement, to use sit< ;ath or irrigation,movement, to use sit< ;ath or irrigation,and to dry the area thoroughly a$terand to dry the area thoroughly a$tercleaning.cleaning.8ssist de;ilitated patients in maintaining8ssist de;ilitated patients in maintaining

hygienic practices.hygienic practices."romote healing ith prescri;ed topical"romote healing ith prescri;ed topicalointments and lotions.ointments and lotions.


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8ssess ;o el patterns $or diarrhea8ssess ;o el patterns $or diarrhea'$reGuency and consistency o$ stool, pain'$reGuency and consistency o$ stool, painor cramping ith ;o el movements).or cramping ith ;o el movements).8ssess $actors that increase $reGuency o$8ssess $actors that increase $reGuency o$diarrhea.diarrhea.

1easure and document volume o$ liGuid1easure and document volume o$ liGuidstool as Juid volume loss.stool as Juid volume loss.Counsel a;out ays to decrease diarrheaCounsel a;out ays to decrease diarrhea'rest ;o el, avoid $oods that act as ;o el'rest ;o el, avoid $oods that act as ;o el

irritants, including ra $ruits andirritants, including ra $ruits andvegeta;lesE encourage small, $reGuentvegeta;lesE encourage small, $reGuent$eedings.$eedings.8dminister ordered medications:8dminister ordered medications:

anticholinergic antispasmodics, anti;iotics,anticholinergic antispasmodics, anti;iotics,


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1onitor la; values indicating presence o$1onitor la; values indicating presence o$

in$ection such as hite ;lood cell countin$ection such as hite ;lood cell countand di9erential.and di9erential.1aintain strict aseptic techniGue $or1aintain strict aseptic techniGue $orinvasive procedures.invasive procedures.Instruct patient and caregivers to monitorInstruct patient and caregivers to monitor$or signs and symptoms o$ in$ection.$or signs and symptoms o$ in$ection.Strongly urge patients and se@ual partnersStrongly urge patients and se@ual partners

to avoid e@posure to ;ody Juids and to useto avoid e@posure to ;ody Juids and to usecondoms $or any se@ual activities.condoms $or any se@ual activities.Strongly discourage I6Kin ection drug useStrongly discourage I6Kin ection drug use;ecause o$ ris to patient o$ other;ecause o$ ris to patient o$ otherin$ections and transmission o$ >I6in$ections and transmission o$ >I6


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8ssess patient $or Guality and severity o$8ssess patient $or Guality and severity o$pain, along ith e@acer;ating andpain, along ith e@acer;ating andrelieving $actors.relieving $actors.3ncourage to use so$t cushions or $oam3ncourage to use so$t cushions or $oam

pads hile sitting and topical anestheticspads hile sitting and topical anestheticsor ointments as prescri;ed.or ointments as prescri;ed.8dminister NS8IDs as ordered. Use also8dminister NS8IDs as ordered. Use alsononpharmacologic approaches li enonpharmacologic approaches li erela@ation techniGues.rela@ation techniGues.8dminister ?C8s as prescri;ed and8dminister ?C8s as prescri;ed andrecommend elastic stoc ings as ordered inrecommend elastic stoc ings as ordered in

dealing ith neuropathic pain.dealing ith neuropathic pain.


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8ssess eight, dietary inta e,8ssess eight, dietary inta e,anthropometric measurements, serumanthropometric measurements, serumal;umin, BUN, protein, and trans$errinal;umin, BUN, protein, and trans$errin

level.level.Instruct a;out ays to supplementInstruct a;out ays to supplementnutritional value o$ meals 'eg, add eggs,nutritional value o$ meals 'eg, add eggs,;utter, mil ).;utter, mil ).3ncourage oral hygiene ;e$ore and a$ter3ncourage oral hygiene ;e$ore and a$termeals.meals.3ncourage rest ;e$ore mealsE do not3ncourage rest ;e$ore mealsE do not

schedule meals a$ter pain$ul or unpleasantschedule meals a$ter pain$ul or unpleasant


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1onitor a;ility to am;ulate and per$orm1onitor a;ility to am;ulate and per$orm8DLs.8DLs.8ssist in planning daily routines to8ssist in planning daily routines to

maintain ;alance ;et een activity andmaintain ;alance ;et een activity andrest.rest.3ducate a;out energy conservation3ducate a;out energy conservationtechniGues li e sitting hile ashing ortechniGues li e sitting hile ashing orpreparing a meal.preparing a meal.>elp decrease an@iety that contri;utes to>elp decrease an@iety that contri;utes to

ea ness and $atigue ;y using measuresea ness and $atigue ;y using measures

such as rela@ation and guided imagery.such as rela@ation and guided imagery.


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8ssess $or alterations in mental status.8ssess $or alterations in mental status.#eorient to person, place, and time as#eorient to person, place, and time asnecessaryE maintain and post a regularnecessaryE maintain and post a regular

daily schedule.daily schedule.0ive 5clear7 instructions, and instruct0ive 5clear7 instructions, and instruct$amily to spea to patient, in a slo ,$amily to spea to patient, in a slo ,simple, and clear manner.simple, and clear manner."rovide night lights $or ;edroom and"rovide night lights $or ;edroom and;athroom as necessary.;athroom as necessary.


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>elp patients e@plore and identi$y>elp patients e@plore and identi$yresources $or support and mechanisms $orresources $or support and mechanisms $orcoping.coping.

3ncourage patient to maintain contact3ncourage patient to maintain contactith $amily, $riends, and co or ers and toith $amily, $riends, and co or ers and to

continue usual activities henevercontinue usual activities heneverpossi;le.possi;le.3ncourage to use local or national 8IDS3ncourage to use local or national 8IDSsupport groups.support groups.

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17395111 Powerpoint Presentation on AIDS (2)