17.1 THE HISTORY OF CLASSIFICATION

WHAT YOU WILL LEARN-differences in methods of classifying-how to write scientific names-how to use a dichotomous key-the taxa in biological classification

MAIN IDEA

-Biologists use a system of classification to ORGANIZE information about the diversity of living things

READING Q’s

1-IDENTIFY: who developed the first commonly accepted system of classification?

-ARISTOTLE

READING Q’s

2-CLASSIFY:Using Aristotle’s classification system, classify the following-

-DAISY- PLANT / herb-DOG-ANIMAL / land-WHALE-ANIMAL / water

READING Q’s

3-EXPLAIN-how did Linnaeus’s system of classification build on Aristotle’s system?

-kept the morphological component-ADDED behavior

READING Q’s

4-IDENTIFY-which is the correct name for this bird?

-Cardinalis cardinalis

READING Q’s

5-DESCRIBE-how should a scientific name be written by hand?

-it should be underlined

READING Q’s

6-COMPARE:

How is today's classification system different from

Linnaeus's system?

-shows EVOLUTIONARY relationships

READING Q’s

7-DETERMINE:

At what level on the pyramid of taxa is the

American black bear distinguished from the Asiatic

black bear?

-shows SPECIES

INSTRUCTOR LED CORNELL NOTES

17.1 CLASSIFICATION

WHY CLASSIFY?

1-NAME/ORDER in logical manner to IDENTIFY relationships between

organisms

2-ASSIGNS universally accepted NAME to organisms

to ELIMINATE confusion

CRITERIA for CLASSIFICATION

classification—grouping of objects based on a specified set of criteria

CRITERIA EXAMPLES:-physical characteristics-behavior of organisms-relationships between organisms

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

1-Aristotle -Formed the 1st known classification system

(2,000 yrs ago) -Plants and Animals

-based on: where they spent most of their life. -Air, Land and Water

2-Carolus Linnaeus-founded the modern taxonomy

-naming system based on PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION

BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE-two part naming system based on LATIN

-GENUS:groups with many similar

characteristics-SPECIES:

specific to one organismRULES/EXAMPLES1-printed in ITALICS (underline if hand written)2-first name GENUS, second name SPECIES3-Genus always starts with CAPITAL letter4-species always starts with lower case

letter

EXAMPLE

• Canis lupis• C. lupis

Taxonomic STRUCTURE

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

Large

Small

Kids Pick Candy Over Field Green Salads

DICHOTOMOUS KEY

-TOOL used to identify group of organisms-OBSERVE characteristics of each organism-series of 2 CHOICES used to guide classification

PRACTICE: “key out” the kangaroo, cow, bee and spider

EXAMPLE- Human Classification

Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ChordataClass – MammaliaOrder – PrimataFamily – HominidaeGenus – HomoSpecies - Sapien

GROUP WORK: GUIDED NOTES

-As a group complete the guided note sheet using your knowledge from the reading.

TAXONOMY

taxonomy---science of NAMING organisms & CLASSIFYING them into groups

-based on natural relationships among organisms

EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION

IDENTIFY: -the parts of Linnaeus’ two-word naming system

genus

species

group of similar species

characteristicsof

organisms

EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION

DISTINGUISH: -the genus and specific name for species of modern humans

Homo sapians

EARLY SYSTEMS OF CLASSIFICATION

IDENTIFY: 1- Which statement describes the Linnaean system of biological classification?it was based on behavioral and morphological similarities and differences among organisms2- In binomial nomenclature, the first part of an organism's name identifies the genus, and the second part identifies the:species 3-What is the correct way that the scientific name for the American black bear should appear in print?Ursus americanus

TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES

REVIEW: -morphology—

-

TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES

LABEL: the diagram of taxa

SPECIES

GENUS

FAMILY

ORDER

CLASS

PHYLUM

KINGDOM

TAXONOMIC CATEGORIESCOMPARE data in the table below to determine which two animals are most closely related.

-_______________&________________SUPPORT your reasoning:-classification is IDENTICAL down to speciesANALYZE at which level the blue whale diverges from the other animals on the table--ORDER

COYOTE WOLF

DICHOTOMOUS KEYAPPLICATION: Using the dichotomous key provided, IDENTIFY the Norns and write their scientific name in the blanks.

beverlus dallus rajus

kentuckyus californius walawala

dakotus yorkio