17 Fire Protection

7/30/2019 17 Fire Protection

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Egress and Fire Protection

MODULE 17


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2 2006 TEEX

Egress and Fire Protection

What could make employees need to

escape quickly?

What are the typical escape routes?

What precautions are taken for fire

protection and prevention?


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Regulations

29 CFR 1910 Subparts E and L

29 CFR 1926 Subpart F construction

API RP 54

Section 7: Fire Protection and Prevention

6.10: Auxiliary Escape

9.3.10: At least 2 stairways on a drilling rig


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Exit Routes, EAPs, and FPPs

29 CFR 1910 Subpart E


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1910.34 Coverage

Every employer is covered:

1910.34 through 1910.39 apply to

workplaces in general industry Except mobile workplaces such as vehicles

or vessels

Exit routes Emergency action plans


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1910.34(c) Definitions

Exit: that portion of an exit route that isgenerally separated from other areas toprovide a protected way of travel to the exit

discharge. Exit access: that portion of an exit route that

leads to an exit.

Exit discharge: the part of the exit route thatleads directly outside or to a street, walkway,refuge area, public way, or open space withaccess to the outside.


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1910.34(c) Definitions

Exit route: a continuous and unobstructedpath of exit travelfrom any point within aworkplace to a place of safety (including

refuge areas). Consists of three parts: The exit access;

The exit; and,

The exit discharge.

Equivalent to Means of Egress in the LifeSafety Code and most local building and firecodes


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1910.35 Compliance with NFPA

101-2000, Life Safety Code

Compliance with the exit route

provisions of NFPA 101-2000 will be

deemed to be in compliance with thecorresponding requirements in

1910.34, 1910.36, 1910.37

NFPA


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Design and Construction

Requirements for Exit Routes

29 CFR 1910.36


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1910.36(a)(1) Basic Requirement

An exit route must be a permanent part

of the workplace

Eat at

Mas

Place


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1910.36(a)(2) Exit separated by

fire resistant materials

Construction materials used to separate

an exit from other parts of the

workplace: 1 hour resistance 3 stories

2 hours resistance 4 stories

1 hour

2 hours


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1910.36(a)(3) Openings into an

exit must be limited

Openings into an exit: limited to thosenecessary to allow access to the exit

Each opening must be protected by anapproved self-closing fire door that

remains closed or automatically closes

in an emergency


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1910.36(b) The number of exit

routes must be adequate

At least 2 routes must be available

Except for sufficiently small occupancy

see (b)(3)As far away from each other as practical in

case one is blocked by fire or smoke

More than 2 required if all cannot evacuate

through 2 exit routes Life Safety Code can help with this

determination


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1910.36(c)(1) Exit Discharge

Must lead directly outside or to a street,

walkway, refuge area, public way, or

open space with access to the outside

Fabricating shop

Offices Storage

Exit access

Exit

Discharge

Exit

Discharge


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The street, walkway, refuge area, public

way, or open space to which an exit

discharge leads must be large enoughto accommodate the building occupants

likely to use the exit route


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Exit stairs that continuebeyond the level of the exit

discharge must be

interrupted at that level bydoors, partitions, or other

effective means that clearly

indicate the direction oftravel leading to the exitdischarge


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1910.36(d) Exit door must be

unlocked

Must be able to open exit route door

From the inside at all times

Without keys, tools, or special knowledge Panic bar is permissible

No device or alarm that could restrictuse of route if device fails

Mental, penal, correctional facilities:exception with constant supervision &plan


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1910.36(e)(1) A side-hinged exit

door must be used

A side-hinged door must be used to

connect any room to an exit route

Must swing out in the direction of exittravel if

room is designed for > 50 people or

room is a high hazard area


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See factors for

occupant load

and capacity in

NFPA LifeSafety Code -

Chapter 7

1910.36(f) The capacity of an

exit route must be adequate

Must support the maximum permitted

occupant load for each floor served


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1910.36(g) Exit minimum height

and width requirements

Ceiling at least 76

Any projection from the ceiling 68

Exit access 28 inches wide Including all objects projecting into route

7- ft.

6 ft.- 8 in.


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Maintenance, safeguards, and

operational features for exit routes

29 CFR 1910.37


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1910.37(a) The danger to

employees must be minimized

Exit routes must be kept free of

explosive or highly flammable

furnishings ordecorations

No exit route

may lead towardhigh hazard area,

unless shielded


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1910.37(a) The danger to

employees must be minimized

Exit routes free andunobstructed: Nomaterials/equipment

may be placed withinexit route

Exit access must notgo through a room that

can be locked Safeguards must be

kept in working order


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1910.37(b) Lighting and marking

must be adequate and appropriate

Exit routes adequatelylighted

Clearly visible andmarked by a signreading "Exit"

No decorations or signsthat obscure thevisibility of exit routedoor


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If the direction of travel to the exit is notimmediately apparent, signs must be postedindicating the direction of travel to the nearest

exit Line-of-sight to an exit sign must clearly be

visible at all times

Way to exit isnot apparent


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Each doorway orpassage that could bemistaken for an exitmust be marked "Notan Exit" or similardesignation, or be

identified by a signindicating its actualuse (e.g., closet)


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Each exit sign must be

illuminated to a surface

value of at least five foot-

candles (54 lux) by a

reliable light source andbe distinctive in color

The word "Exit" in plainlylegible letters 6

Letters 3/4 inch thick


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1910.37(d) Exit routes during

construction, repairs, or alterations

Employees must

not occupy a

workplace untilthe exit routes are

ready in occupied

portion

( )


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1910.37(d) Exit routes during

construction, repairs, or alterations

Employees must not be exposed to

hazards from construction activities that

are beyond the normal permissibleconditions, or that would impede exiting

the workplace


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1910.37(e) Alarm system

Alarm system must be installed and

maintained in operable condition

To warn of fire or other emergencies Unless employees can promptly see or

smell fire or hazard in time

Must comply with 1910.165 (in Subpart L)


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1910 38( ) Mi i l t f


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1910.38(c) Minimum elements of

an emergency action plan

1. Procedures for reporting a fire

or other emergency

2. Procedures for emergencyevacuation, including type of

evacuation and exit route

assignments

3. Procedures for employees whoremain to operate critical plant

operations before evacuating


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Alarms, training, review

d. Alarm system must use distinctive signals

for each purpose, comply with 1910.165

e. Designate and train employees to assistin safe, orderly evacuation of others

f. Review of EAP with each employee:

When plan developed or employee assigned

When employees responsibilities under theplan change

When the plan changes


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Fire Prevention Plans

29 CFR 1910.39

1910 39(b) Written and oral fire


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1910.39(b) Written and oral fire

prevention plans

Any required fire prevention plan must:

Must be in writing,

Be kept in the workplace, and Be made available to employees for review

Employer with 10 or fewer employees

may communicate the plan orally toemployees

1910 39(c)(1) Minimum elements


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1910.39(c)(1) Minimum elements

of a fire prevention plan

List of all major fire hazards

Proper handling and storage

procedures for hazardous materials Potential ignition sources and their

control

Type of fire protection equipmentnecessary to control each major hazard

1910 39(c)(1) Minimum elements


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1910.39(c)(1) Minimum elements

of a fire prevention plan, contd

Procedures to control accumulations offlammable and combustible waste

Maintenance procedures for safeguards on

heat-producing equipment to prevent ignitionof combustible materials

Name or title of employees responsible formaintaining equipment to prevent or control

sources of ignition or fires

Name or title of employees responsible forcontrol of fuel source hazards

1910 39(e) Employee


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1910.39(e) Employee

information

An employer must inform employeesupon initial assignment to a job of the

fire hazards to which they are exposed. An employer must also review with

each employee those parts of the fire

prevention plan necessary for self-protection.


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Fire Protection

29 CFR Subpart L


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Organization of 1910 Subpart L

155 Scope, application, definitions

156 Fire brigades

157 Portable fire extinguishers

158 Standpipe and hose systems

159 Automatic sprinkler systems

160-163 Fixed extinguishing systems

164 Fire detection systems

165 Employee alarm systems


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Scope, Application, and

Definitions

29 CFR 1910.155


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Scope and Application

Fire brigades, fire suppression

equipment, fire detection systems,

alarm systems Applies to all employments except

maritime, construction, and agriculture


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Definitions

Class A fire: Ordinary combustible materials Paper

Wood

Cloth Some rubber and plastic.

Class B fire: Flammable or combustible liquids

Flammable gases

Greases

Some rubber and plastic


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Definitions

Class C fire: Energized electrical equipment Employee safety requires nonconductive

extinguishing media

Class D fire: Combustible metals Magnesium

Titanium

Zirconium

Sodium Lithium

Potassium


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Definitions

Dry chemical: small particles ofchemicals supplemented for dryness

and flow Bicarbonates

Potassium chloride

Monoammonium phosphate Dry powder: compound used to

extinguish or control Class D fires


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Definitions

Enclosed structure:

Has a roof or ceiling and at least 2 walls

May accumulate smoke, toxic gases andheat

Foam: Bubbles form a blanket over

liquid, sealing combustible vapors Gaseous agent: Diffuses uniformly to

extinguish fires


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Scope and Application

Organization, training, PPE

Fire brigades established by employer

Industrial fire departments Private or contractual fire departments

PPE requirements only apply to interior

structural firefighting


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Organization and Training

Organizational statement available

Physical capability

No heart disease, epilepsy, or emphysemawithout physicians certificate of fitness

Training and education

Beforehand and frequently enough

Examples of quality training programs

Special hazards and written procedures


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Firefighting Equipment

Maintain and inspect at least annually

Portable fire extinguishers and

respirators: inspect at least monthly Remove and replace unserviceable or

damaged equipment


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Protective clothing

For interior structural firefighting

Not required for incipient stage firefighting

Provide at no cost and assure use Protect head, body, and extremities

Foot and leg protection

Body protection Hand protection

Head, eye, and face protection


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Respiratory protection devices

Provided to and used by fire brigade

members

Meet 1910.134 as well SCBA requirements


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Portable Fire Extinguishers

29 CFR 1910.157


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Scope and application

Placement, use, maintenance, testing

For portable fire extinguishers to be

used by employees inside structures (e) and (f) only if not for employee use

Partial exemptions:

Policy requiring total evacuation; FPP andEAP; extinguishers not present

Only designated employees authorized


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General requirements

Provide, mount, locate and identify

Readily accessible to employees without

possible injury Only approved fire extinguishers

No carbon tetrachloride or

chlorobromomethane extinguishers Maintain fully charged and operable in

designated places


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Fire Extinguisher Classes


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Hydrostatic testing

Performed by trained persons with

suitable testing equipment and facilities

Test interval given for various types ofextinguishers

Tested when new evidence of corrosion

or mechanical injury Details for various types


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Training and education

If employees are to use fire

extinguishers, the employer must

educate them on principles and hazards EAP-designated employees trained on

appropriate equipment

Upon employment and at least annually

S d i d h


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Standpipe and hose systems

For smaller systems not Class I

Protected against mechanical damage

Repaired promptly if damaged

Equipment: designed for prompt use

Water supply: minimum 100 gal/min

Tests and maintenance


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Fi d t ti t


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Fire detection systems

Restore to normal condition ASAP after each

test or alarm spares available

Maintenance and testing

Protect from corrosion, physical impact

Do not support by wires or tubing

Designed to operate in time, provide a

warning

Delay only if necessary for immediate safety

E l l t


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Employee alarm systems

All local fire alarm signaling systems

used to alert employees

Enough warning for emergency actionof safe escape

Perceived above ambient noise/light

Tactile devices when necessary

Distinctive and recognizable

E l l t


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Explain to each employee how to report

emergencies

Establish procedures for emergencyalarm

Restore to normal condition ASAP after

each test or alarm spares available

E l l t


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Maintain in operating condition except

during repairs or maintenance

Test for reliability/adequacy every 2months if unsupervised

Back-up means of alarm when out of

service Supervised systems notify personnel of

deficiencies test once/year

E l l t


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Manually operated actuation devices

(fire alarm pulls)

Unobstructed Conspicuous

Readily accessible


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Fire Protection on Oil and Gas

Well Sites

API RP 54

API RP 54 R i t


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API RP 54 Requirements

Drilling rigs: at least 4 20-poundcapacity, Class BC rated fireextinguishers

Well servicing rigs: at least 2 20-poundcapacity, Class BC rated fireextinguishers

Available near all welding Firefighting equipment also includes

water hoses and drilling fluid guns

Documents

17 Fire Protection