16.3-A Call to Freedom16.4-Life During the Civil War

Emancipation ProclamationPage 473

• Originally main goal for Union was to preserve Union.

• Republican Party, including Lincoln wanted to only prevent the expansion of slavery

• Attitudes about slavery began to change in the North.

Read page 474 Response from Lincoln about pressure to declare an end to

slavery

Emancipation Proclamation

• Many Northerners felt that slavery was helping the war effort in the South

• Slaves raised crops to feed armies

• They dug trenches for the Confederates protection in battles

Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln wanted to wait until the right moment to emancipate all slaves in the South

• The win at Battle of Antietam was the right moment.

Effects of Proclamation

• Applied only to areas that the Confederacy controlled.

• Did not actually free anyone

• Lincoln hoped that the slaves would hear of this proclamation and would encourage them to run away.

Joyful response

• Many Abolitionist greeted news with joy.

• Britain and France decided to withhold recognition of the Confederacy

• Congress started to prepare a constitutional amendment to abolish slavery

• However, the 13th Amendment is not passed until 1865

Fredrick Douglass 1864

•“The Emancipation Proclamation is the greatest event of our nation’s history”.

As news of the proclamation spread throughout the Confederacy, thousands of slaves fled to freedom.• The proclamation established that the

war was being fought not only to preserve the Union, but to end slavery. Few enslaved people were freed by the action, however.

African Americans in War

• Lincoln decided to permit African Americans to join the Union army

• By end of the war 1/6th of enslaved persons fled to the Union

• African Americans were never allowed to fight in the Confederacy.

African American Soldiers

• By end of war, 10% of the army and 18% of the Navy was African Americans.

• They received lower pay than white soldiers/sailors. In 1864, they began to receive equal pay.

16:4 Life During the Civil War

• An American Story: page 478

• Reality of War: New rifles with greater accuracy helped create thousands of casualties in each battle.

• Medical facilities were overwhelmed.

Reality of War

• Faced with horrors, many men deserted.

• 11:1 Union

• 8:1 Confederate

• Confederates suffered from lack of food and supplies which led to starvation

• How can you fight a war when you can’t feed the troops?

Women and the War

• Men off to war, women took over their jobs

• They helped roll bandages, wove blankets and made ammunition.

• They raised money for supplies

• Took over home responsibilities

Clara Barton

• Famous nurse that goes on to establish American Red Cross

Opposition to the War: Copperheads

• Northern Democrats split into two groups

• Peace Democrats wanted to negotiate with Confederacy. Known as Copperheads

• Copperheads fed on fear of the public about racists beliefs

• Their support grew after a defeat on the battlefield.

Habeas corpus

• Guarantees accused individuals the right to a hearing before being jailed.

• Lincoln suspended habeas corpus several times during the war.

• Why?

Enlistments Decline

• Draft: Requires men to serve in the army.

• Both North and South required draft

Union • Encouraged enlistment by offering bounties:

Payments to encourage volunteers

• March 1863, North turned to a draft

• Could avoid the draft by hiring a substitute or by paying the government $300

• Protest over draft law: New York riots killed more than 100 people. Troops were called out to end riot.

South• Davis suspended habeas corpus too.

• His actions outraged Southerners who feared that they would lose the liberties they were fighting for in this war.

Economy

• North coped much better than South

• Both North and South financed war by borrowing money, increasing taxes (North income tax) and printing money (North Greenbacks)

• North: 2 Billion

• South: 700 million

North Prospers

o Factory production

o Farming

South Economic Troubles

• North blockades were effect

• Inflation: General increase in prices

• Railroads destroyed

• Farm land destroyed

• Fighting mainly fought in South