16124_02.Environmentol Sc. (F)

8/3/2019 16124_02.Environmentol Sc. (F)

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welcomewelcome

Environmental scienceEnvironmental science


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Environmental scienceEnvironmental science is anis an

interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary academic fieldacademic field thatthat

integrates physical and biologicalintegrates physical and biologicalsciencessciences


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Environmental science provides anEnvironmental science provides an

integrated, quantitative,integrated, quantitative,

andand interdisciplinaryinterdisciplinary approach to theapproach to thestudy of environmental systemsstudy of environmental systems


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Food WebsFood Webs All the food chains in an area make up theAll the food chains in an area make up the food webfood web of the area.of the area.


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Example ofaFood ChainExample ofaFood Chain


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2003 John Wiley and Sons Publishers

Food web ofa hotFood web ofa hot

springspring


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EnvironmentalEnvironmental

biotechnologybiotechnology It can simply be described as "the optimalIt can simply be described as "the optimal

use of nature, in the formuse of nature, in the form

ofof plants,plants, animals,animals, bacteria,bacteria, fungifungi andand algalgae, to produceae, to produce renewablerenewable

energy,energy, foodfood andand nutrientsnutrients in ain a

synergisticsynergistic integrated cycle ofintegrated cycle of profitprofitmaking processes where the waste ofmaking processes where the waste of

each process becomes the feedstock foreach process becomes the feedstock for

another processanother process


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EnvironmentalEnvironmental

biotechnologybiotechnology When biotechnology is applied to andWhen biotechnology is applied to and

used to study the naturalused to study the natural

environment. Environmentalenvironment. Environmentalbiotechnology could also imply thatbiotechnology could also imply that

one try to harness biological processone try to harness biological process

for commercial uses and exploitation.for commercial uses and exploitation.


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EcosystemEcosystem

is ais a biologicalbiological environmentenvironment consisting ofconsisting of

all theall the organismsorganisms living in a particularliving in a particular

area, as well as all the nonliving (abiotic),area, as well as all the nonliving (abiotic),physical components of the environmentphysical components of the environment

with which the organisms interact, suchwith which the organisms interact, such

as air, soil, water and sunlight.as air, soil, water and sunlight.


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ECOSYSTEMECOSYSTEM

The selfThe self--sustaining structural andsustaining structural and

functional interaction between livingfunctional interaction between livingand nonand non--living components.living components.


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Natural

1.Terrestrial ecosystems (grasslands, forests, desert

ecosystems)

2.Aquatic ecosystem

a.Lentic (Stagnant water) like lake, ponds etc.

b.Lotic (Flowing water) like river, ocean, sea, etc.

Artificial

1.A crop land, garden, aquarium, park, kitchen garden.


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We know that no living organism can live in isolation. We cannot

survive without producers in nature.All living beings depend onother living beings in the biological community. Not only they

are dependent on one another, but also each of them exist in a

certain proportion.This creates a complete balance in nature

amongst living organisms.This is evident from the study of food

chains which operate between living organisms.


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1. The Producers, the green plants, fix radiant energy(solar

energy) and with the help of minerals take from their

edaphic(soil where they grow) or aerial environment and

build up complex organic matter.These are their food. So,

with the help of solar energy they convert the chemicalenergy of the food to kinetic energy and finally heat energy.

2. The animals eat up plants and other animals as food. So, the

energy is transferred through food to animals.

3. When plants and animals die, then decomposers(like certain

bacteria and fungi) act on their dead bodies and decompose

them into simple materials like carbon dioxide, water and

minerals which go back to air, water bodies and soil from

where they were taken.


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1. The Producers, the green plants, fix radiant energy(solar

energy) and with the help of minerals take from their

edaphic(soil where they grow) or aerial environment and

build up complex organic matter.These are their food. So,

with the help of solar energy they convert the chemicalenergy of the food to kinetic energy and finally heat energy.

2. The animals eat up plants and other animals as food. So, the

energy is transferred through food to animals.

3. When plants and animals die, then decomposers(like certain

bacteria and fungi) act on their dead bodies and decompose

them into simple materials like carbon dioxide, water and

minerals which go back to air, water bodies and soil from

where they were taken.


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The carbon dioxide from air, water and minerals

from water bodies and soil are again taken up by

green plants along with solar energy to make their

food.This process is repeated again and again.This

leads to continuous functioning of the ecosystem.

PROCESS OFFUNCTIONINGOFTHE

ECOSYSTEM


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Forests are important components of our environment. Rapid

destruction of this important resource is a cause of concern.

Afforestation, preventing reckless cutting of trees and makingeveryone aware of the need to conserve it will help forest conservation.

Nature enjoys ecological balance only if the relative number of species

is not disturbed. So, conservation of wildlife is important for the future.

National parks, wildlife sanctuaries and biosphere reserves areestablished to protect and conserve wildlife.

Such measures would ensure that the wildlife does not become extinct.

Conservation of aquatic life would be ensured by removal of industries

near water bodies.

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16124_02.Environmentol Sc. (F)