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16 Stage Bi-Directional LED Sequencer

The bi-directional sequencer uses a 4 bit binary up/down counter (CD4516) and two "1 o ! linedecoders" (4#C1$! or 4#CT1$!) to %enerate the popular "&i%ht 'ider" display *ch+itt

Tri%%er oscillator pro,ides the cloc si%nal or the counter and the rate can be ad.usted with the

50 pot Two additional *ch+itt Tri%%er in,erters are used as a *T/'*T latch to control thecountin% direction (up or down) 2e sure to use the 4#C14 and not the 4#CT143 the 4#CT14

+ay not wor due to the low TT input tri%%er le,el hen the hi%hest count is reached (1111)

the low output at pin sets the latch so that the 7/D8& input to the counter %oes low and

causes the counter to be%in decre+entin% hen the lowest count is reached () the latch isreset (hi%h) so that the counter will be%in incre+entin% on the ne9t risin% cloc ed%e The three

lowest counter bits (:3 :13 :;) are connected to both decoders in parallel and the hi%hest bit

:$ is used to select the appropriate decoder The circuit can be used to dri,e 1; ,olt/;5 wattla+ps with the addition o two transistors per la+p as shown below in the section below titled

"

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the ;&$55 and +ost any +ediu+ power (5+) 7&7 or the ;&;@5

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E"#ana$le 16 Stage LED Sequencer

The circuit below uses a he9 *ch+itt Tri%%er in,erter (4#C14) and two ! bit *erial-

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1% C&annel LED Sequencer

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1' Stage LED Sequencer

The question so+eti+es co+es up o how to cascade 41 decade counters or +ore than 1

sequencial sta%es The D sequencer below shows a possible solution usin% a ew e9tra parts

hen power is applied3 the 150 resistor and 1u cap at pin 15 will reset the counters to the

>ero count where pin $ is at ?1; and all other outputs are at >ero The ; diodes (1n@14) and 15

resistor or+ a &D %ate so the cloc pulse will be passed to the ri%ht side counter when the

sequence starts hen the ri%ht counter reaches the 1th count3 pin 11 will +o,e hi%h enablin%the &D %ate on the ri%ht to pass the cloc pulse to the let side counter s the let side counter

ad,ances3 pin $ will be low so that cloc pulses cannot ad,ance the ri%ht counter hen the let

counter turns o,er and pin $ a%ain +o,es hi%h3 the sequence will repeat Thus we %et 1! totalcounts3 @ ro+ the irst counter3 and @ ro+ the second

&ote that the 41 counter will not deli,er +uch current3 and so the D current is set to about

6+ usin% a 150 resistor in series or +ore current3 you could use transistors on each output asshown in the drawin% abo,e3 (1 Channel D *equencer) 2ut so+e o the newer bri%ht Dsare airly bri%ht at 6+

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()o (ran!i!tor LED *la!&er

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*aing +e E,e!

Circuit e!cri#tion

This circuit is used to slowly illu+inate and ade a pair o red Ds (li%ht e+ittin% diodes) The

adin% Ds could be installed

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as eyes in a s+all pu+pin or sull as a #alloween attraction3 or +ounted in a Christ+as tree

orna+ent 8r3 they +i%ht be used as a ancy power indicator or your co+puter3 +icrowa,e

o,en3 *tereo syste+3 TE3 or other appliance

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(ed Lig*t 2mitting Diode 3L2D )&"1!!4 ! %5

,ote: +*e L2D listed *as a narro 6ieing angle of - degrees and

appears rig*test *en loo7ing directly at it% 8t9s not a pure red

color and a little on t*e orange side ut s*ould e rig*ter

compared to ot*er selections% .or a ider 6ieing angle at reduced

intensity try part numer )&"1!5& *ic* is 6ieale at ) degrees

and *as a red diffused lens%

Construction details:

Layout of t*e solderless readoard:

(efer to t*e draing elo t*e sc*ematic diagram and note t*e

solderless readoard is arranged in ros laeled A"; and

columns numered 1 to )5% 2ac* group of 5 *oles in t*e same column

are t*e same connection so t*at *oles A101C1D1 and 21 are all

connected toget*er% Li7eise *oles .1umper ire connecting

t*e mid section of t*e outer ros s*ould e installed to connect

t*e entire outer ro toget*er% 8f you *a6e a DMM use t*e lo

o*ms range and proe t*e 6arious *oles to get familiar it* t*e

oard layout%

8nstalling t*e components:

Orientate t*e LM145 so t*e noo7 or punc* mar7 on one edge

is near column - and t*e opposite edge is near column --%

8nstall t*e LM145 on t*e readoard so t*e pins straddle

t*e center section of t*e oard and pin 1 of t*e 8C is occupying

*ole .- and pin is in *ole 2-% +*e pins are numered counter

cloc7ise so pin 4 ill e occupying .-- and pin 5 ill e in 2--%

Possile connections for t*e LM145 $ 6olt attery and a couple

ot*er parts is illustrated in t*e loer draing of t*e solderless

readoard ut it is not complete it* all parts%

(efer to t*e sc*ematic diagram and install t*e 6arious ot*er

components so t*ey connect to t*e appropriate pins of t*e

LM145% ?se *ate6er connection *oles are con6enient%

.or e@ample t*e !!u. capacitor connects eteen pins 1 and !

of t*e 8C *ic* occupy *oles 3.-.-1 so it could e placed

in t*e *oles 3=- =-1 or 3;-;-1 or 38-8-1% 0ut not all parts

ill con6eniently fit so you may *a6e to use a s*ort >umper

ire 3#!! preferred to connect parts from one side of t*e c*ip

to t*e ot*er%

+*e oard 8 assemled as connected t*is ay:

LM145 .- to .-- and 2- to 2--

!!u. capacitor =- to =-14&' resistor 8- to 8-5

4&' resistor C!& to C-1

4&' resistor .!5 to Positi6e attery ro

4&' resistor ;!5 to ,egati6e 0attery ro

1' resistor 0-1 to 0--

!,-$4 +ransistor

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L2D 84- to 844 3Cat*ode at 84-

;umper A- to Positi6e attery ro

;umper .-) to Positi6e attery ro

;umper ;-- to ,egati6e attery ro

;umper ;4- to ,egati6e attery ro

;umper =!5 to ;-!

;umper ;- to ;-&

;umper 2!& to

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requency is used or the ti+e base The transor+er is connected in a ull wa,e3 center tapped

coni%uration which produces about !5 ,olts unre%ulated DC 4 oh+ resistor and 51 ,olt3 1

watt >ener re%ulate the supply or the 4#CT circuits

14 sta%e 4#CT4; binary counter and two &&D %ates are used to di,ide the line

requency by $6 producin% a one +inute pulse which is used to reset the counter and ad,ancethe 41 decade counter The decade counter counts the +inutes ro+ to 4 and resets on the

ith count or e,ery 5 +inutes which ad,ances one section o a dual 4 bit binary counter

(4#CT$@$) The 4 bits o this counter are then decoded into one o 1; outputs by two

4#CT1$! ($ line to ! line) decoder circuits The +ost si%niicant bit is used in con.unction withan in,erter to select the appropriate decoder Durin% the irst ei%ht counts3 the low state o the

=*2 is in,erted to supply a hi%h le,el to enable the decoder that dri,es the irst ! Ds Durin%

counts @ to 1;3 the =*2 will be hi%h and will select the decoder that dri,es the re+ainin% 4Ds while disablin% the other decoder The decoded outputs are low when selected and the 1;

Ds are connected co++on anode with a $$ oh+ current li+itin% resistor to the ?5 ,olt

supply The 5th output o the second decoder (pin 11) is used to reset the binary counter so that itcounts to 11 and then resets to >ero on the 1;th count hi%h reset le,el is required or the $@$

counters3 so the low output ro+ the last decoder sta%e (pin 11) is in,erted with one section o a

4#CT14 he9 *ch+itt tri%%er in,erter circuit 10 resistor and 1u cap are used to e9tendthe reset ti+e3 ensurin% the counter recei,es a reset si%nal which is +uch lon%er than the

+ini+u+ ti+e required The reset si%nal is also connected to the cloc input (pin 1$) o thesecond 4 bit counter (1/; 4#CT$@$) which ad,ances the hour Ds and resets on the 1;th hour

in a si+ilar +anner

*ettin% the correct ti+e is acco+plished with two +anual push buttons which eed the :4 sta%e

(pin ) o the 4; counter to the +inute and hour reset circuits which ad,ance the counters at$5 counts per second slower rate can be obtained by usin% the :5 or :6 sta%es or test

purposes3 you can use :1 (pin @) which will ad,ance the +inutes at $ per second

The ti+e inter,al circuit (shown below the cloc) consists o a *T/'*T liplop +ade ro+

the two re+ainin% &&D %ates (4#CT) The desired ti+e inter,al is pro%ra++ed by

connectin% the anodes o the si9 diodes labeled start3 stop and =/7= to the appropriate decoderoutputs or e9a+ple3 to turn the relay on at G5= and turn it o at !G5=3 you wouldconnect one o the diodes ro+ the start section to the cathode o the D that represents

hours3 the second diode to the D cathode that represents 5 +inutes and the third diode to the

= line o the CD41$ The stop ti+e is pro%ra++ed in the sa+e +anner Two additional pushbuttons are used to +anually open and close the relay The low start and stop si%nals at the

co++on cathode connections are capaciti,ely coupled to the &&D %ates so that the +anual

push buttons can o,erride the 5 +inute ti+e duration That way3 you can i++ediately reset therelay without waitin% 5 +inutes or the start si%nal to %o away

The two power supply rectiier diodes are 1&4H ,ariety and the switchin% diodes are 1&@14

or 414!s but any %eneral purpose diodes can be used 1 u caps (not shown on sche+atic) +aybe needed near the power pins o each

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transistors3 you can use a 10 resistor in place o the $$ and the Ds will be ,isible3 but ,ery

di+ sin% the 41 to dri,e Ds with transistor buers is shown in the "1 Channel D

*equencer" at the top o this pa%e

(ie Interval +ela, Circuit

for t&e cloc. circuit a$ove

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02 LED Cloc.

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operation3 the ti+e base section o the circuit can be +odiied

as shown in the lower drawin% labeled "5 #ert> D Cloc Ti+e 2ase" Fou will need an e9tra

+odiication should ha,e their

inputs connected to %round

hen power is applied3 a sin%le "1" bit is loaded into the irst sta%e o both the +inutes and

hours re%isters To acco+plish this3 a +o+entary low reset si%nal is sent to all the re%isters (atpin @) and also a &&D %ate to loc out any cloc transitions at pin ! o the +inutes re%isters

t the sa+e ti+e3 a hi%h le,el is applied to the data input lines o both +inutes and hours

re%isters at pin 1 sin%le positi,e %oin% cloc pulse (at pin !) is %enerated at the end o the resetsi%nal which loads a hi%h le,el into the irst sta%e o the +inutes re%ister The risin% ed%e o irst

sta%e output at pin $ ad,ances the hours (at pin !) and a sin%le bit is also loaded into the hours

re%ister 7ower should re+ain o or about $ seconds or +ore beore bein% re-applied to allowthe ilter and ti+in% capacitors to dischar%e 10 bleeder resistor is used across the 1u

ilter capacitor to dischar%e it in about $ seconds The ti+in% dia%ra+ illustrates the power-on

sequence where T1 is the ti+e power is applied and be%innin% o the reset si%nal3 T; is the end

o the reset si%nal3 T$ is the cloc si%nal to +o,e a hi%h le,el at pin 1 into the irst re%ister3 T4 isthe end o the data si%nal The ti+e delay ro+ T; to T$ is e9a%%erated in the drawin% and is

actually a ,ery short ti+e o .ust the propa%ation delay throu%h the in,erter and %ate

Two +o+entary push buttons can be used to set the correct ti+e The button labeled "=" willincre+ent the +inutes slowly and the one labled "#" +uch aster so that the hours incre+ent

slowly The hours should be set irst3 ollowed by +inutes

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5% ert LED Cloc. (ie$a!e

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6% Lig&t Sequencer u!ing a Matri"

The circuit below illustrates usin% a 191 +atri9 to sequence up to 1 Ds with .ust three

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