16-ADR, MOA, USE, PRODRUG, RESISTANCE, 45 NOTES TO PG .pdf

7/26/2019 16-ADR, MOA, USE, PRODRUG, RESISTANCE, 45 NOTES TO PG .pdf

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45 NOTES TO PG

Dr. Ankit Yadavendra, M.B.B.S., Dr.V.M.G.M.C., Solapur

16-ADR MOA USE PRODRUG RESISTANCE

DRUG-ADR

ACEI-affect lung&kidn developm, dry cough, angioedema, hyperkalem, ren dysfn

acetazolamide-metab acidosis, tingling numbness

actinomycinD(Dactinomycin)-radiation recall phenom

acyclovir-nephrotox

adriamycin(doxorubicin)-cardiotoxic, hand foot synd

alkylat agent-venoocclus ds liver(Rx-defibrotide)

1adr antag-retrograde ejaculation, miosis

2adr agonist-depression, anticholinergic, rebound HTN(Rx-phentolamine, tolazoline)

alosetron-ischemic colitisamantadine-ankle edema, livido reticularis

aminoglycoside-irrevers ototoxicity(mtDNA), nephrotoxicity

amiodarone

Please-Photosensitivity, blue grey Pigmentat skin, Periph neuropathy

Check-Corneal microdeposition

PFT-Pulm Fibrosis

LFT-Liver cirrhosis, pseudoalcoh Liver inj, Mallory hyaline body

TFT-hypoThy, hyperThy

amlodipine-ankle edema

amoxapine-EPS, galactorrhea, NMS, tardive dyskinesia

amphetamine-addiction, appetite, cardiotoxicity

amphotericin B-dose limit RTA, AKI, hypokalem, hypomagnesem, anem

ampicillin, cisapride, mosapride, tegaserod, colchicine, fosfomycin, irinotecan,

leflunomide-diarrh

antimetabolite-acidic urine(crystaluria)

apraclonidine-lid lag, itch, lid dermatitis, follicular conjunctivitis, mydriasis, dry mouth

aprotinin-death

atenolol-fatigue

azathioprine-bone marrow suppression

2adr agonist-hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, tremor(MC), HR, MI, card arrest, pulm

edembimatoprost-iris pigmentation, eyelash growth

bleomycin-pulm fibrosis, HSR, mucocut fibrosis

bortezomib-periph neuropath

bosentan, flutamide, lumiracoxib, nefazodone, sitaxentan, stanozolol,

ximelagatran-hepatotox

bremelanotide, methergin-HTN


2/12

bRimOnidINE-ant uveitis, dROwsINEss, headache, allergic blepharoconjunctivitis

bromocryptine-psychosis, confusion, erythromelalgia

bupropion- suicidal tendency, wt loss, sz, restlessness, tremor

busulphan-pulm fibrosis, cataract, gynaecomastia, adr insuff, hyperpigmentation,

hyperuricemia

CBZ-hyponatremia, aplastic anemcapecitabine-hand foot mouth synd

carbenicillin- PLT aggregat

carbimazole-maculopapular rash(MC), agranulocytosis

carboplatin-myelosuppression

carboprost-diarrh(MC), asthma

carmustine-sustained myelosuppress

cefoperazone-disulfiram rxn

ceftazidime-neutropenia, PLT

cephaloridine-nephrotoxicity

chloroquine-retinal pigmentation, optic neuritis, lichenoid erupt, szchlorpropamide- PLT

cisplatin-vomiting, nephrotox(Rx-amifostine), neurotox, ototox, hypokalemia,

hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, sec ca

clarithromycin-reversible hearing loss

clofazimine-brown black skin discoloration, icthyosis(crocodile skin/sauroderma)

clomiphene citrate-hotflush(MC), ovarian cyst, ovarian hyperstimulat synd(


3/12

disulfiram-nausea, vomiting, headache, flushing, hypotension

diuretic-oligohydramnios

dorsolamide-corneal edema

echothiophate-cataract

ergot alkaloid-HTN, IHD, ergotism(foot gangrene, Saint Antony fire)

estrogen-vomiting, ca breast, ca endom, DVT, hep adenoma, cholestat jaundice,migraine

etanercept-TB reactivation

Ethambutol-optic neuritis(grEEn)

ethionamide-hypothy

ethosuximide- sedat

etoposide-sec leukemia(early)

exenatide-nausea

felbamate-aplastic anem, sever hepatitis

fenfluramine-ECG abnorm, valvular def, pulm HTN, sudden death

fibrate-GB stone, pancreatitis, myopathyfingolimod- HR, 1AV node block

5FU-diarrh(MC), myelosuppress, hand foot synd

fluoxetine-nausea, vomiting(MC), delayed orgasm, insomnia, anxiety, sweating,

diarrh, urinary retention

furosemide-hypomagnesemia

Gatifloxacin-dysGlycemia

GnRH agonist-hist release, hot flush, flare up after 12h, nausea, headache, libido,

hypercholesterolem, osteoporosis, depression

griseofulvin-disulfiram rxn

halothane-hepatic necrosis, jaundice

hCG-ovarian hyperstimulat synd(VEGF)heparin

A-Alopecia

B-Blding

O-Osteoporosis

U-Urticaria

T-Thrombocytopenia

HEpaRin-HypERkalemia

hydralazine-reflex HR

hydrochlorothiazide-photosensitivity

ifosfamide-neurotox, RTAIL2, permetrexed-hand foot synd

imipenem, loracarbef, procaine penicillin-sz

ipratropium-dry mouth(MC), bad taste, scratch in trachea, urine retention

INH-periph neuropathy, neuropsychosis, SLE, hepatotox, shoulder hand synd, RA,

gynecomastia

ivabradine-luminous phen(object app bright)


4/12

lamotrigine-SJS

l asparaginase-hypercoagulation, hgic pancreatitis

latanoprost-iris pigmentation, conjunct hyperemia, periocular dermatitis, lth

eyelash(hypertrichosis), inflammation

levodopa-visual nonthreatening hallucination, chorea, mydriasis

Li-hypothy, nephrogenic DI like nephropathy, bn&coarse tremorlignocaine-sz, nystagmus, cardiotox, HSR

linezolid- PLT, neutropenia

melphalan-sec ca

metformin-vitB12 def

methicillin-interstitial nephritis

mtx-periph neuropathy, oligospermia/defect oogenesis, acidic urine, hepatotox,

myelosuppression

methyldopa-hemolysis in mother

methysergide-retrolental/orbital fibrosis, retroperit fibrosis, pulm fibrosis

mexiletine-nausea, tremorMianSerin-sz, Myelosuppress

minocycline-blue black pigmentation nail

minoxidil-hirsutism, fluid retention

Misoprostol-shivering, hyperpyrexia, hyperstimulat, Moebius synd(CNVI,VII palsy)

Mitomycin-Myelosuppress, HUS, delay bronchospasm

mitoxantrone-cardiomyopathy

molindone-wt loss

montelukast, zafirlukast-headache, eosinophilia, vasculitis

mycophenolate mofetil-diarrh, vomiting

Naficillin-Neutropenia

naloxone-HTN, pulm edema, ventr dysrrhythmianaproxen-pseudoporphyria

nitrate-throbbing headache, hypotension, tolerance(Monday morning headache),

MethHbemia, rash

nitrofurantoin-nausea, vomiting, coffee colour urine, disulfiram rxn, pulm fibrosis

nitrosourea-delayed myelosuppress

octreotide-GB stone, vitB12 def

olanzapine-stroke, sedation, wt gain(max), DM

omeprazole-carcinoid tm in rat

ondansetron-headache

IA antiarrhythmic-diarrh(35%), PLToxacillin-hepatitis

oxaliplatin-neuropathy, laryngopharyngeal paraesthesia

OxytOcin-hypOtension

paracetamol-RCC, phototox, metab acidosis

paroxetine-teratogenic(CVS anomal), wt gain

pentaerythritol tetraNO3-skin rash


5/12

pentazocin, pethidine-angina

pergolide-cardiac valvular fibrosis

phenylbutazone-agranulocytosis

pHenytoin-Hypersensitivity, Hyperglycem, Hyperplasia gum(MC, collagen

accumulat), Hirsutism, Hepatitis, Hypotension, osteomalacia, megaloblast anem,

gynecomastia, ataxiaPilocarpine-cataract, Pseudomyopia, headache

pioGlitazone-Na,H2O retent, wt Gain

plicamYCin-hypoglYCemia

procainamide-lupus, arthritis

procarbazine-disulfiram rxn, sec ca

propafenone-asthma, PVD, hypoglycem

pyrazinamid-hepatotox, hyperuricemia

quetIAPIne-cataract, prIAPIsm

quinidine-VT, nausea, vomiting, diarrh, ataxia, tinnitus, vertigo

quinine-optic neuritis, PLT, hemolysisreserpine-suicidal depression

retinoid-dryness of skin& mucosa

Rifampicin-AI PLT, flu like syndR, red orange urine, contact lens staining, hepatotox,

purpura, jaundice, resp synd

rimonabant-psychiatric ds, wt loss

risperidone, rofecoxib, SibuTRamine, tegaserod, valdecoxib-MI, STRoke

RopiniroLE-RestLEss LEg synd

rosiglitazone-CHF

rotigotine-impulsibe behav, shopping, sexual desire

sildenafil-blue vision defect( PDE6 enz in retina), flushing, hypotension, headache

Na nitrOprusside-hypOthysoFosbuvir-Fatigue, headache

sotalol-torsade de pointes

steroid-glaucOma(tOpical), post subcapsular CataraCt(systemiC), behav worsen

child, osteoporosis, avasc necrosis fem neck

streptogRAmin-arthRAlgia

sulfonamide-acidic urine(crystaluria)

surfactant-pulm hge(MC)

tamoxifen-ca endom, cataract, hotflush, thromboembolism

tamsulosin-floppy iris synd

taxane-myelosuppress, periph neuropathyteriparatide-osteogenic sarcoma

tetrazepam-skin rxn

thalidomide-constipation, periph neuropathy

thiazide-impotence, PLT

thioridazin-pigm retinopathy, arrhythmia

thiothixene-neuroleptic malign synd


6/12


7/12

chloramphenicol-bind 50S ribosome transfer of peptide chain fr P A site

clofazimine- template fn DNA

cocaine- reuptake of 5HT,NE,D

colchicine-bind Microtubule of Mitotic spindle Metaphase arrest Mitotic arrest

cycloserine- Ala ligase N acetyl muramic acid cell wall synth

cyclosporine, voclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, everolimus- calcineurin NFATc does not move fr cytoplasm to nucleus transcript IL2 act on MTOR recept

daunorubicin, doxorubicin- topoisomerase I&II

Disulfiram- alDehyde DH>alcohol DH

ecallanitide- kallikrien

echinocandin- 1,3glucan synthase

ethambutol- arabinogalactan

ezetimibe- cholesterol absorpt intest

fasudil- Rho kinase

5fluorocytosine-attack fungal nucleus

GABA-bind subunitglucarpidase-mtx adjuvant

griseofUlvin- microtUbUle

hemicholinium- choline cotransporter

heparin- antithrombin III

hydroxyurea-Sphase ribonucleoside diP reductase DNA synth

icatibant-bradykinin antag

INH-INHA gene mycolic acid synth

Pb- ALA synthase, ALA dehydratase, ferrochelatase

leflunomide- dihydroorotate DH

levosimendon-Ca sensitiser, open ATP sensit Kch

lincosamide, macrolide, streptogramin-bind 50s ribosome translocation ofelongated peptide chain fr A P site

linezolid- 23S,50S ribosome prot synth

mtx- DHFR

metyrosine- methyl paraTyr

mitoxantrone-break DNA strand, DNA&RNA synth

mycophenolate mofetil- IMP DH

nikkomycin- chitin synth

nitisone- urine excretion homogentisic acid

nitrate-bind SH-cysteine NO release soluble guanyl cyclase cGMP

(Ca)(phosphorylat MLCK) sm m relaxpanobinostat, vorinostat, romidepsin- histone deacetylase

pegvisomant-GH antag

pentostatin- adenosine deaminase

Piperazine citrate-flaccid Paralysis worm

protC- fact V,VIII

pyrazinamide- mycolic acid


8/12

pyrimidine antimetab- thiamidylate synthase

racecadotril- encephalinase

rifampicin- DNA dep RNA polymerase initiat RNA synth

riluzole- NMDA

riuonest-hr C1 esterase

ruxolitinib- JAKsulfonamide- dihydropteroate(folate) synthase competitively

taxane- depolymerisat mitotic spindle

teicoplanin,vancomycin- elongat peptide chain cell wall

terbinafine- squalene epoxide cell memb

tetrabenazine-D depleter

tetracycline-bind 30S ribosome block AA deposition

theophylline- phosphodiesterase, ade nosine, histone deacetylation

trilostane- 3OHsteroidDH

ulinastatin- trypsin

vesamicol- ACh tpt synaptic vesicle vinka alkaloid- microtubule polymerisation mitotic spindle

warfarin- epoxide reductase

black widow spider toxin- ACh release& depletion

botulinum toxin-close presynapt Ca ch ACh release NM transm flaccid

paralysis

choler tox- ADP ribosylat Gs adenyl cyclase GI epith cAMP

Cl difficle

toxinA(enterotoxin)-neutrophil chemoattractant, GTP binding prot glycosylat

toxinB(cytotoxin)-cytoskeleton disrupt

diphtheria toxin- ADP ribosylat AA(diphthamide) on elongat fact2 translocation rRNA prot synth

EHEC verocytotoxin/shigalike toxin- ribosome prot synth

ETEC heat labile toxin- adenyl cyclase cAMP

ETEC stable toxin- guanylyl cyclase cGMP

pertussis toxin-modif (i) fail to inh adenyl cyclase ADP ribosylat Gprot fn

adenyl cyclase, phospholipase, ion ch

Pseudomonas exotoxinA- ADP ribosylation elongat fact2 prot synth

shiga toxin- 28sRNA prot synth

tetanospasmin-bind periph motor neuron enter axon retrograde tpt to cell body

in brain&spinal cord presynaptic block release of Gly&GABA

DRUG-USE

ACEI-CHF, HTN+DM, HTN+proteinuria, scleroderma crisis

acetazolamide-periodic paralysis, abs sz, catamenial epilepsy(menstruation)

aldesleukin-malign melanoma, RCC

alosetron-diarrh dominant IBS fem


9/12

alprostadil-erectile dysfn, maintain PDA patency

amifostine-radioprotector, cisplatin induced nephrotox

anagrelide-essential thrombocytosis

apafant, lexipafant-pancreatitis

BCG, mitomycinC-ca UB

bleomycin-GCT, capillary hemangiomabortezomib-multiple myeloma, mantle cell lymphoma

botulinum toxA-wrinkle, blepharospasm, cosmetic Sx, strabismus, dystonia

botulinum toxB-SMR, cervical dystonia

bremelanotide-erectile dysfn

bretylium-hypothermia induced VT, bupivacaine induced VT

bromocryptine, cabergoline, quinagolide (D2agonist)-galactorrhoea, hepat coma,

cyclic mastalgia, Parkinson ds, acromegaly, T2DM

carboprost-PPH

carmustine-brain tm

cephalosporine I-G+ve bact

II-Pseudomonas, B fragilis

III-Pseudomonas

V-MRSA

cisplatin-ca cx, ca ovary

clonidine-HTN, secretory diarrh

cycloserine-TB

cytarabine, doxorubicin-AML

dapsone-acne, leprosy, pemph vulgaris, SLE, subcorneal pustule

dalfampridin(4aminopyridin)- walking ability multiple sclerosis pt, Lambert Eaton

synddenileukin deftitox(IL2+diphtheria tox)-cutan Tcell lymphoma

dexmedetomidine-sedation in ICU pt

diazoxide-HTN, insulinoma

digoxin-CHF, disopyramide induced HR

ecallanitide, riunest-heredit angioedema

echinocandin-Candida, Aspergillus

epoprostenol-dialysis, CABG, store PLT, maintain PDA

fasudil-angina, SAH

felypressin- lignocaine action, esoph varices

5FU-ca colon, keratosis, superf BCCfludarabine-CLL, hairy cell leukemia

flutamide-ca prostate

fosfomycin-UTI

ganaxolone-abs sz, catamenial sz

GCSF-neutropenia

gemcitabine-radiosensitiser


10/12


11/12

streptograMin-Enterococcus faeciuM

tamsulosin-ureteric stone

temozolomide-glioblastoma multiforma, malign melanoma

tezosentan-a/c heart failure

thalidomide(R)-multiple myeloma, lepra rxn2, aphthous ulcer, SLE

topiramate-anticraving for both smoking &alcoholtopotecan-ca ovary

ulinastatin-pancreatitis, sepsis

valrubin-BCG resist ca UB

vancomycin-inf endocarditis

voclosporin-inf uveitis(LUMINATE)

DRUG-RESISTANCE

ceftriaxone-horizont tranfer plasmid coated AmpC lactamase

ethambutol-embB gene

fluoroquinolone-pt mutat DNA gyrase gene gyrA,B INH-katG gene mutat(katG catalase peroxidase activat INH), mycobact inh A,

kasA gen mutat, cross resist-ethionamide

mtx-DHFR overexpression, efflux by P glycoprot

rifampicin-rpoB gene

pyrazinamide-pncA gene

streptomycin-16S rRNA, ribosom prot S12 gene

zidovudine-alter reverse transcriptase

PRODRUG-ACTIVE FORM

methyldopa-methylNE

bacampicillin-ampicillinbambuterol-terbutaline

capecitabine-5FU

canrenone-spironolactone

cyclophosphamide-phosphoramide mustard, aldophosphamide

dabigatran

dipivefrine-epinephrine

dipyridamole-adenosine

enalapril-enalaprilat

5fluorocytosine-5fluorouracil

fluoxetinefosphenytoin-phenytoin

heroin-morphine

hydralazine MAOI-hydrazide derivative

isoniazid

levodopa-dopamine

lovastatin&simvastatin-OH derivative


12/12

melagatran-ximelagatran

mercaptopurine-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotide

minoxidil-minoxidil SO4

mycophenolate mofetil

nitazoxanide

omeprazolephenacetin-acetaminophen

prednisone-prednisolone

proguanil-proguanil triazine

psylocybin-psylocin

sertraline

sulfasalazine-5ASA

sulindac-sulfide metabolite

valaciclovir-aciclovir

Abbreviationsa-artery, AA-amino acid, abtc-antibiotic, AI-autoimmunebef-before, bel-below, b/l-bilateral, bld-blood, b/n-between, bn-benign, br-branch,Bx-biopsyca-carcinoma, carb-carbohydrate, c/i-contraindication, c/l-contralateral,conc-concentration, cong-congenital, Cx-cervixd-day, def-deficient, ds-disease, d/t-due to, Dx-diagnosisE-estrogenfem-female, fr-fromgld-gland, glu-glucoseh-hormoneidiop-idiopathic, i/l-ipsilateral, inf-infection, inj-injurylig-ligament, LL-lower limb, l/t-leading to

m-muscle, maj-major, mal-male, MC-most common, met-metastasis, min-minor,mtx-methotrexate, Mx-managementn-nerve, norm-normalP-progesterone, pl-plasma, prot-protein, pt-patientRx-treatmentSCC-squamous cell carcinoma, sr-serum, Sx-surgery, sz-seizuretm-tumour, ts-tissueUL-upper limb, u/l-unilateralvag-vagina, VC-vocal cord, vel-velocity, vert-vertebra, vit-vitamin, vol-volumew-week, wt-weightXr-X rayy-year

#-fracture-degree

-(N.B.-THESE NOTES ARE ONLY FOR THE PURPOSE OF GUIDANCE AND HELP

TO PG ASPIRANTS, NOT FOR COMMERCIAL OR OTHER PURPOSE. REFERENCE

HAS BEEN TAKEN FROM VARIOUS STANDARD TEXTBOOKS. FOR ANY

FEEDBACK/QUERY PLEASE CONTACT- [email protected]

[email protected])

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16-ADR, MOA, USE, PRODRUG, RESISTANCE, 45 NOTES TO PG .pdf