154659210 Symena LTE Network Design Using Capesso LTE A

8/13/2019 154659210 Symena LTE Network Design Using Capesso LTE A

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Case studyLTE network design using Capesso LTE

Symena Software & Consulting GmbHWiedner Hauptstrasse 24/15

A-1040 Vienna, Austriawww.symena.com

2011, All rights reserved!


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1. Executive Summary 2. LTE and OFDMA basics

2.1. Standardization and targets of LTE 2.2. Radio access technology

3. Key LTE parameters and design considerations 3.1. Increased flexibility = increased complexity

4. Case studyLTE network design 4.1. Objectives and source data 4.2. What if LTE business case analysis with Capesso

4.2.1. Number of sites needed 4.2.2. Effect of LTE frequency band 4.2.3. Adaptive Modulation and Coding Scheme (AMC) 4.2.4. MIMO 4.2.5. Channel bandwidth 4.2.6. Frequency domain scheduling gain 4.2.7. Channel overhead 4.2.8. Traffic growth 4.2.9. Coverage requirements 4.2.10. Inter-system interference

4.3. Summary operator case 5. Summary and conclusions 6. Glossary


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1. Executive Summary

From the point of view of network design LTE is, perhaps, an order of magnitude morecomplex than 3G. In particular this complexity applies at the business case considerationstage. Some of the significant choices include:

Carrier frequencywith 15 different FDD bands ranging from 700MHz to 2.6GHz;

Channel bandwidthfrom 1.4MHz to 20MHz;

MIMOand various MIMO configurations;

Varying adaptive modulation and codes schemesoffered by different vendors;

Channel overheads; and

Deployment strategies.

Capesso LTE provides a fast and efficient solution for automatic LTE network design andbusiness case analysis. What if questions for various considerations can be answered

quickly and efficiently. This enables identification of the best model for LTE deployment.

Because Capesso is integrated with Atoll, data that is already in Atoll can be used as thebasis for the investigation. This is a major boost in efficiency compared to using anindependent tool.

A range of different LTE deployment scenarios are examined in this paper. These wereoriginally conducted for a Tier 1 operator using Capesso LTE and Atoll. Each caseisolates one important aspect of LTE while consistently treating all of the others. This iscritical due to the impact of network design (antenna locations, azimuth tilt etc.) on LTEsystem performance. This level of consistency is not feasible with manual designapproaches.

Capesso allows detailed LTE analysis based on the existing 2G or 3G network data. Keyadvantages include:

Capesso LTE provides a full range of LTE key parameters, including MIMO,frequency domain scheduling gain, adaptive modulation and coding and others;

Capesso provides comprehensive business and efficiency analysis, prediction plotsand statistical results for the individual deployment cases;

Capesso is tightly integrated with Atoll.

Capesso LTE is in use by Tier 1 operators and vendors for LTE business case analysisandwas released in March 2008.

The key benefits of Capesso LTE can be summarized: Capesso LTE enables the effective LTE business case analysis, design and

planning

Capesso LTE saves an enormous amount of time

Capesso LTE enables fast and efficient what if analysis for LTE business cases.

Capesso LTE reduces investment costs for LTE deployment through betterunderstanding and therefore better radio designs.

Capesso is the ideal tool to investigate the LTE options. A full understanding of the impactof each choice can be developed quickly and efficiently. Then choices can be made for the

best LTE deployment strategy.

CapessoLTE= faster, better, cheaper LTE network design


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2. LTE and OFDMA basics

2.1. Standardization and targets of LTE

LTE (Long Term Evolution) is a project within the Third Generation Partnership Project

(3GPP) to improve mobile phone standards to cope with future technology evolutions. Workon LTE started in late 2004, where operators, manufacturers and research institutesproposed the evolution of the Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN).

Today, LTE is the agreed next generation standard for both UMTS/W-CDMA and theCDMA2000 family. The key characteristics of LTE are1:

Peak download rates of 326.4 Mbit/s for 4x4 antennas and 172.8 Mbit/s for 2x2antennas and peak upload rates of 86.4 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrumallocated 2.

Five terminal classes have been defined from a voice-centric class up to a high-endterminal that supports the peak data rates. All terminals will be able to process 20

MHz bandwidth.

Support for at least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell. That is >200 active dataclients.

Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets.

Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1.4 MHz and as largeas 20 MHz supported.

Optimal cell size of ~5 km with best performance, 30 km with reasonableperformance and up to 100 km supported with acceptable performance.

Co-existence with legacy standards so that users can start a call (voice or data) in

using an LTE standard, and continue the call transparently using an earlier standardsuch as UMTS, CDMA2000 or even GSM.

Supports MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network). This feature candeliver services such as Mobile TV using the LTE infrastructure.

Support of advanced antenna and signal technologies such as MIMO (Mulitple InputMultiple Output) antenna systems.

Support advanced capabilities to automatically optimize radio network configuration,For example automatic neighbor allocation performed by the LTE network.

2.2. Radio access technology

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) radio access technology is used inthe downlink, i.e. from the base station to the user. OFDMA provides the most flexibletechnology compared to previous systems and hence is best suited for wireless broadbandsystems. A schematic comparison is shown inFigure 1.
http://cp.literature.agilent.com/litweb/pdf/5989-7898EN.pdfhttp://www.3gpp.org/Highlights/LTE/LTE.htm


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Figure 1:Evolution of radio access technologies from FDMA, TDMA, CDMA to OFDMA.

While OFDMA is used in the downlink, providing high resistance to multipath interferenceand flexible support for a wide range of frequency bandwidths by changing the number ofsubcarriers, the uplink uses single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA).This technology has the advantage of low power consumption by decreasing the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of user equipment (UE) and reducing interference from otherusers by maintaining orthogonality in the frequency domain3.

3. Key LTE parameters and design considerations

The key advantage of LTE is the flexibility to address the different needs of users across theglobe in a single wireless radio access technology. But flexibility brings complexity in thewide range of operating parameters such as:

Carrier frequency:A wide range of spectrum options is defined for both frequencydivision duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD) bands for LTE. The standardconsiders 15 different FDD and 8 different TDD frequency bands for LTE operations,ranging from 700MHz up to 2.6GHz bands.

Flexible bandwidth options:LTE can operate with bandwidths as small 1.4MHz upto as much as 20MHz. Based on the available bandwidth, key technologies such asthe frequency domain scheduling have different efficiencies4.

Adaptive modulation and coding: LTE supports QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAMmodulation formats in the downlink, as well as QPSK and 16QAM in the uplink.Turbo coding is applied for both links. Hence, depending on the actual networkconditions, such as the signal energy per symbol to noise power spectrum density(Es/No), different throughputs and peak data rates can be achieved maximizing totalthroughput for the given radio conditions.

Channel overhead: The channel overhead directly influences the efficiency of theLTE system. This depends on the vendor specific implementation as well as theavailable bandwidth for the LTE transmission.

Advanced antenna technologies: LTE can use several advanced antenna

technologies. Besides standard LTE antennas there will be enhanced broadbandantennas with individual electrical tilts for 2G, 3G and LTE technologies combined ina single physical antenna. Furthermore there will be advanced antenna systems forLTE supporting remote azimuth and remote beamwidth capabilities.


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MIMO application:Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiplexing transmissionachieves high-speed transmission by using multiple transmit and receive antennas totransmit and receive different signals on the same frequency at the same time.Depending on actual channel conditions, different MIMO modes are applied. Theyrange from diversity to beamforming and then to spatial multiplexing. MIMOtransmission can significantly enhance the system performance of LTE.

Traffic growth: All radio systemsneed to be built for a specific traffic demand. Thistraffic demand will change and grow significantly, particularly with the greater use ofthe mobile phone network for wireless broadband. On introduction LTE will be aboutmore than signal coverage. To accommodate the traffic the right level of the rightresources will be required in the right place.

Complementary deployment and inter-system interference: In most casesSymena predicts that LTE will be deployed as a complementary system to existing2G and 3G networks. Hence, the complementary coverage and capacity aspects ofthose systems need to be considered. Interference from the legacy 2G, 3G and othersystems onto LTE also need to be minimized.

Radio parameter configurations: The correct configuration of the radio parametersis essential for the effective deployment of LTE. Since both the adaptive modulationand coding schemes (AMC) as well as the MIMO applications depend on the actualsignal to interference ratios, the radio configuration (tilt, azimuth, power, beamwidth,etc.) heavily impacts overall system performance

3.1. Increased flexibility = increased complexity

The increased flexibility offered by LTE means significantly increased complexity in planningfor LTE deployments. To put it another way: the range of business cases to investigate hasexploded.

Capesso is the ideal tool to investigate the LTE options. A full understanding of the impactof each choice can be developed quickly and efficiently. Then choices can be made for thebest LTE deployment strategy.

Because Capesso is integrated with Atoll data that is already in Atoll can be used as thebasis for the investigation. This is a major boost in efficiency compared to using anindependent tool.

This is schematically shown inFigure 2.


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Figure 2: Capesso LTE to investigate the various LTE deployment and business case options. The

source data is directly extracted from the existing 2G or 3G networks, which is available in Atoll.Capesso can automatically answer a wide range ofWhat if LTE deployment questions.


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4. Case studyLTE network design

4.1. Objectives and source data

The local objective of this case study is to find a design for an LTE overlay. The design must

satisfy strict coverage and performance requirements including maximum throughput, peakdata rates and service quality levels. Naturally the total cost of ownership (TCO) is to beminimized.

The general objective is to investigate different spectrum options to guide spectrum biddingfor LTE. Three different frequency bands available for LTE

a) Below 1GHz;

b) >1GHz but < 2GHz; and

c) Above 2GHz.

Figure 3: Target cluster for the LTE business case analysis using Capesso.

The source data for this case study is a cluster of an existing 2G/3G radio network of a Tier 1operator. It is not possible to provide more details. The area of interest is shown inFigure 3.Within this target area, 72 existing 2G/3G sites are candidates for the LTE deployment.

Furthermore, the area of interest has a wide range of clutters, traffic and conditions.

4.2. What if LTE business case analysis with Capesso

4.2.1. Number of sites needed

A key question is the number of sites to achieve a specific LTE performance level (landcoverage, population coverage, peak data rate and service grade, system capacity, etc.).This was investigated using existing sites as candidates.

Situation: As shown in Figure 3, 72 sites are available for LTE deployment. A trafficdensity map as shown in the upper left side inFigure 4 is available.

Challenge: Plan the most effective LTE deployment to maximize captured traffic at minimum

deployment cost and thereby maximize early LTE revenue.

Solution: Capesso was used to identify the best sites to capture the offered traffic.


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Capesso also provides an integrated efficiency analysis to investigate thevalue of each LTE site. This is shown inFigure 4.

Using the efficiency analysis those sites generating the best value can bedeployed first. These are identified on the left of the curve. While the sites onthe right provide some value, they are significantly less effective in terms of

return on investment.Therefore, Capesso directly helps the user to makea solid decision on themost effective cost-performance trade-off for this LTE business case.

Value: Capesso can be used to determine the most effective candidate sites basedon serving offered traffic using existing sites as candidates. This can be used toquickly dimension an LTE overlay based on existing networks.

Figure 4: Capesso LTE used for automatic site selection and parameter optimizationto determine most cost effective sites based on serving offered traffic.

4.2.2. Effect of LTE frequency band

In most markets there are multiple options for the LTE frequency band. These options arecomplicated by such factors as by the need to continue service to 2G and 3G customers, andthe presence of other technologies in nearby bands, such as TV.

Accurate analysis of frequency deployment scenarios means that an operator can bid onspectrum with confidence in what can be done with that spectrum and how much thatdeployment will cost.

Situation: Three different frequency bands were examined in this scenario:

a) below 1GHz;

b) above 1GHz but below 2GHz; and

c) above 2GHz.

Challenge: Analyze the impact of frequency on the performance of LTE.

Solution: Capesso was used to investigate the impact of frequency on the coverage forLTE. The propagation predictions were performed for the respective bands in


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Figure 6: Automatic Modulation and

Coding values from trials of NTT DoCoMo,comparing simulated and measuredmapping curves.

Atoll using appropriately tuned models. To make a fair comparison, the samenumber of sites was assumed deployed in all three cases.

While more than 72% of the target area is covered with 10 sites in thefrequency band below 1GHz, only 32% of the area is covered at the same levelwith the same number of sites for the band above 2GHz. This confirms the

expected coverage impact of the considered spectrum options for LTE. Theresults are shown inFigure 5.

Figure 5: Comparison of the coverage probability in the investigated area of interest.The actual values for f can not be disclosed.

Alternatively, Capesso can directly be used to compute the number of sitesrequired to achieve the same coverage probability by using the various LTEspectrum options. In this example, to achieve the same coverage probability asin the lowest frequency band (f


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vendors.

Challenge: Analyze the impact of the different AMC values on system (downlink)throughputs and thereby maximize throughputs in the LTE network5.

Solution: Capesso was used to investigate the impact of various AMC mappingfunctions. Based on the different mapping curves Capesso optimized the

radio network configuration to achieve maximum system performance eachcurve. Result plots for the peak downlink throughput, for the same number ofsites, as a function of the different AMC mapping functions are shown in Figure7.

Figure 7: Distribution of the peak (downlink) LTE through-put as a function of thedifferent AMCs.

Note:since the peak data rates depend heavily on the interference situation, thenetwork configuration (tilts and azimuth, etc.) is critical in this analysis.Capesso jointlyconsiders and optimizes these settings for the different AMCmappings to ensure the best possible business case comparison.

Value: The value generated by Capesso is to identify the best network configurationand hence the minimum number of sites needed as a function of the particular

adaptive modulation and coding scheme and mapping values.

4.2.4. MIMO

Multiple Input/Multiple output (MIMO) can significantly enhance the system capacity of LTE.MIMO systems come with several options, such as 1x2, 2x2, 4x2 or 4x4, which can havemassive cost effects on the associated antenna systems. Hence, it is important tounderstand what the potential benefits against those costs in an operating network.

Situation: MIMO antenna systems are standardized for LTE networks. The performanceof the MIMO system depends on the actual channel characteristic, which isdescribed by the channel quality indicators (CQI). Based on the CQI, theeNodeB selects the MIMO mode used. The rules for this selection are vendor

specific.

Challenge: Cut through the vendor marketing hype and realistically compare theperformance of 2x2 versus 4x2 or 4x4 MIMO so that the right MIMO choice ismade.


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Figure 8: Comparison of the peak downlink throughput with No MIMO and 2x2MIMO. The same colour codes are used. The statistics show that the peak data ratecan be boosted dramatically in some areas. However a significant proportion of the

target area does not see major data rate improvements.

Solution: Capesso was used to investigate the impact of MIMO on LTE systemperformance and capacity using information about a) the actual antennasystems and b) the MIMO modes including the switching points. In each casethe radio configuration was optimized by Capesso to achieve bestperformance so that the MIMO effect could be isolated. Sample results for thepeak data rate distribution depending on MIMO (2x2 with X-Pol antennas) andno-MIMO (standard broadband antennas) are shown inFigure 8.

Value: Symena has a deep understanding and long history in the analysis of MIMO andother advanced antenna techniques. Capesso can be used to isolate theeffects of MIMO on the system so that the right techniques can be used in theright places while vendor hype is eliminated.

4.2.5. Channel bandwidth

LTE is the first radio standard that allows flexibility in channel bandwidth with deployments inthe range from 1.4MHz to 20MHz. This significantly increases the range of deploymentoptions. Since the maximum system throughput is a direct function of the channel bandwidthit is important to understand the effects on the maximum system capacity and peak datarates.

Situation: Understanding the effects of the different channel bandwidth options is essentialto understanding LTE business cases. For example the impact of new spectrumcan be compared to squeezing LTE into shared spectrum with GSM can beexamined.

Challenge: Analyze the impact of the available LTE channel bandwidths and optimize the

network configuration to ensure best performance for each.Solution: Capesso was used to investigate and optimize the impact of channel

bandwidth on the coverage performance. Results for the distribution of the peakdownlink data rate as a function of the available channel bandwidth are shown inFigure 9. The obvious result is that with a significantly higher channelbandwidth, the system throughput is boosted massively. However, it is muchmore interesting to use the same analysis for investigating the LTE businesscase perspectives such as where it would make sense to deploy whichmodulation formats?


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Figure 10: Frequency domain schedulinggains are a key advantage in LTE.Capesso considers these channeldependent characteristics to plan for bestLTE network deployment.

Figure 9: Comparison of the peak downlink data rate as a function of the availablechannel bandwidth for LTE. Having only a small proportion of the channel bandwidth

(right hand side), the peak data rates are reduced significantly, as expected.

Note: Depending on the different channel bandwidth, the interferencedistribution will be different in LTE. Hence, Capesso automatically alsooptimizes the network configuration for each of the considered cases. Thismakes sure that the maximum performance for each investigated case can beachieved.

Value: Capesso can be used to analyze the true value of variable bandwidthstrategies by isolating the effect of the bandwidth from the other variables ofLTE.

4.2.6. Frequency domain scheduling gain

The key effect of the frequency domain scheduling in LTE is that the packets are assigned tothe user that has instantaneously the best fading characteristics (see alsoFigure 10). Thisresults in significantly better, instantaneous signal quality. That delivers a higher spectrumefficiency for LTE. Frequency domain scheduling is a unique capability of LTE delivered byOFDMA technology.6

The actual gain of the frequency domain scheduling depends on the fading characteristics,i.e. coherence bandwidth of the propagationchannel and the actual channel bandwidth ofLTE. For example, no gain can be achieved byfrequency domain scheduling if the propagationchannel is flat fading within the channelbandwidth.7

According to analysis conducted by the leadingvendors involved in the LTE standardization,

frequency domain scheduling can increase thespectrum efficiency by up to 40% compared toprevious technologies.

Therefore, the utilization of the resources andhence the impact of the frequency domainscheduling has to be considered depending onthe associated channel bandwidth. Higherspectrum efficiency will lead to a significantly


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reduced number of sites needed to achieve the same system capacity.

Capesso LTE fully supports such techniques and therefore enables the consideration andoptimization of this critical technology for the LTE business case decisions.

4.2.7. Channel overhead

The number of resource elements (RE) within an LTE system is defined by the channelbandwidth. The number of overhead channels however does not increase linearly with thechannel bandwidth as they are only required for each band. Hence, the channel overheadcan significantly influence the spectral efficiency particularly in the case that a small channelbandwidth is used.

Capesso LTE fully supports the consideration and optimization of the LTE business casesdepending on the proportional channel overhead.

4.2.8. Traffic growth

Traffic is not static in any dimension. It varies intra-day, between days, with special eventsand with the introduction of new offers. All of the indications are that traffic will continue togrow with the introduction of LTE. Hence, operators must investigate the impact of the trafficincreases on system performance.

In the above scenario, Capesso was used to optimize for a range of traffic scenarios. Thisknowledge was then used to minimize the TCO for the LTE network by deploying additionalresources in some areas sooner rather than later.

Figure 11 shows examples for traffic growth for the different business cases for the LTEdeployment.

Figure 11: Expected traffic growth for the investigated LTE business cases.

4.2.9. Coverage requirements

For the LTE business case investigations described in this paper the operator considered

various coverage requirements for the initial LTE rollout. This is to consider multiple optionswith focus on indoor users, deep indoor users, outdoor users, vehicular users, etc.

4.2.10. Inter-system interference

Part of this LTE business case investigation was the potential LTE deployment in thefrequency bands used by the existing legacy 2G/3G network. Besides complementarycoverage and capacity requirements, the effect of the interference between the legacysystem and LTE was computed and optimized by Capesso to ensure best performance.

Capesso LTE fully supports the consideration and optimization of the LTE networks andlegacy 2G/3G systems.

4.3. Summary operator case

LTE business case investigations were performed by a Tier 1 operator using Capesso LTEand Atoll. A number of cases investigated by the operator were presented in this paper.


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It can be seen that the very high flexibility of LTE deployment significantly increases thecomplexity for the business case investigations. This makes it extremely time consumingand difficult to manually investigate the different options particularly when systemperformance depends so strongly on network design.

By the use of advanced mathematical techniques Capesso LTE can radically reduce the

time it takes to analyze the large number of options and business cases for LTE, as indicatedinFigure 12.

Figure 12: Capesso to compute individual options and wide range of business cases for LTEdeployments.


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5. Summary and conclusions

Capesso LTE provides a fast and efficient solution for LTE network design and businesscase analysis. What if questions for the wide range of considerations can be answeredvery quickly. This enables operators and vendors to identify the best business model for thedeployment of LTE.

LTE introduces many technologies that have a direct impact on the scale and complexity ofthe radio network planning problem.

Symena has modelled those new technologies in Capesso LTE so that they can beexplored using existing network planning data in a familiar Atoll environment.

This paper works through a number of use cases for Capesso LTEincluding:

Finding the number of sites required to support a particular LTE overlay deploymentusing existing sites as candidates;

Investigating the impact on performance of the frequency band and frequency

bandwidth available;

Examining the impact of vendor specific adaptive modulation and coding (AMC)schemes;

Appropriate modelling of the impact and benefits of different MIMO approaches; and

Exploring the effect of the frequency domain scheduling gain.

With each major choice offered by the standard comes a new batch of business cases. Forexample to examine three potential channel bandwidths and three potential bands requiresnine business cases. Add one MIMO option (no MIMO or 2x2) and there are now 18 cases!

Manuel planning for multiple business cases is difficult and time consuming. There are

virtually no economies of scale. The 18th

plan will take as long as the 5th

. Most manualplanning processes result in a single plan.

With Capesso each plan for each business case can be produced simply by varying theappropriate parameter and rerunning the software. The computer does the heavy lifting.

By using Capesso each plan is better and more consistent than manual plans. Capessohas been shown to generate plans that deliver more with fewer resources than any manualplan. For example, when Capesso was used on a well optimized but manually designednetwork, Capesso delivered an increase in capacity of about 20%. The result was verifiedby measurement. There is every indication that the gain will be similar or better for LTE.There is consistency because the plans are generated mathematically rather than by rule-of-thumb.

Capesso lets you isolate all of the major choices for LTE planning so that the impact ofeach parameter can be understood quickly and comprehensively. In essence CapessoLTE takes a very difficult planning problem and makes it simple.

Capesso LTE has been in use by Tier 1 operators and vendors for LTE business caseanalysis since March 2008.

Capesso LTE= faster, better, cheaper LTE network design and deployment


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6. Glossary

3GPP 3rd

Generation Partnership Project

AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding

CDMA2000 CDMA2000 is a hybrid 2.5G / 3G technology of mobile telecommunicationsstandards that use CDMA

CQI Channel Quality Indicator

eNodeB Enhanced Node B; name of the base station in LTE

Es/No Energy per symbol to noise power spectrum density

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access

GSM Global System for Mobile communications

IP Internet Protocol

LTE Long Term Evolution

MBSFN Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access

PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (modulation format)

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (modulation format)

RB Resource Block

SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access

TCO Total Cost of Ownership

TDD Time Division Duplex

TDMA Time Division Multiple Access

UE User Equipment

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Standard; 3rd

Generation MobileCommunications Standard

UTRAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network

WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access


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About Symena

Symena is the leading supplier of Automatic Cell Planning (ACP). Capesso is the proven,

fully-featured, tightly integrated ACP tool. Capesso delivers measurably better resultsfaster. This is proven in extensive, daily operational use by Tier 1 operators and OEMs.Capesso is routinely recognised as the smart solution for ACP. Greenfield is the verified,super fast, radio network dimensioning/design tool. Its ideal where information is scarce andtime tight.

Capesso and Greenfield are widely used for planning LTE networks. Symenas ACP tools are available for all major radio standards including GSM, CDMA,UMTS/HSPA, WiMAX and LTE.

Symena. Smart Up Your Network!

SYMENA Software & Consulting GmbHWiedner Hauptstrasse 24/15

1040 Vienna AUSTRIA

Europe: +43 1 5855 1010Americas: +1 972 535 8582

[email protected]

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154659210 Symena LTE Network Design Using Capesso LTE A