47
Quick Reference Guide CAESAR II V E R S I O N 4.20 ( L A S T R E V I S E D 1/2000)

154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

QuickReferenceGuide

CAESAR II™

V E R S I O N 4.20

( L A S T R E V I S E D 1/2000)•

Page 2: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide (Version 4.20)

The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide is intended to aid users in quickly identifyingneeded information and to resolve common questions and problems. This ReferenceGuide is distributed with each copy of the software and users are urged to copy it (theReference Guide) as necessary.

Comments and suggestions concerning the CAESAR II program, the User’s Guide, orthe Quick Reference Guide are always welcome. Users with problems, questions, orsuggestions can contact the COADE Development/Support staff.

CAESAR II

CAESAR II is an advanced PC based tool for the engineer who designs or analyzespiping systems. CAESAR II uses input spreadsheets, on-line help, graphics, andextensive error detection procedures to facilitate timely operation and solution.CAESAR II is capable of analyzing large piping models, structural steel models, orcombined models, both statically and dynamically. ASME, B31, WRC, and rotatingequipment reports combine to provide the analyst with a complete description of thepiping system’s behavior under the applied loading conditions. Additional technicalcapabilities such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer andrelief valve solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers provide the pipe stressengineer with the most advanced computer based piping program available today.

The CAESAR II program is continuously enhanced to incorporate new technicalabilities, to provide additional functionality, and to modify existing computationprocedures as the piping codes are updated. A complete list of the most recent changesto the CAESAR II program can be found in the later section of Chapter 1 of the User’sGuide. Users desiring software sales or seminar information are urged to contact theCOADE Sales staff at:

Phone: 281-890-4566 E-mail: [email protected]: 281-890-3301 Web: www.coade.com

Page 3: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

CAESAR II / Pipe Stress Seminars

COADE offers seminars periodically to augment the Engineers knowledge of CAESAR IIand Pipe Stress Analysis. The general seminar is held in the COADE Houston office andcovers three days of statics and two days of dynamics. This seminar emphasizes thepiping codes, static analysis, dynamic analysis, and problem solving.

Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminardetails, please contact COADE and ask for seminar information.

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide

Table of Contents

System Requirements ................................................................. 1

Troubleshooting .......................................................................... 1

Overview of CAESAR II Interfaces ........................................... 3

List of CAESAR II Piping Codes ............................................... 3

Restraints .................................................................................... 4

List of Setup File Directives ....................................................... 4

List of Materials ......................................................................... 7

Intersection Types in CAESAR II .............................................. 8

Code Stresses .............................................................................. 9

Node Locations on Bends ........................................................ 16

CAESAR II Combined Index ................................................... 18

CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual ................................... 43

Mechanical Engineering News ................................................. 43

Additional COADE Software Programs ................................... 43

Page 4: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

System Requirements

Pentium 200 or better CPUWindows 95,98 or Windows NT 4.0032 Mbyte RAM80 Mbyte Hard Disk Space FreeVGA Graphics Board & Monitor 800x600

Troubleshooting

The installation aborts with an error stating: “An error occurred during the movedata process: 623”.

This is caused by attempting to install the software when a previous copy is currentlyrunning.

This error occurs because InstallShield could not rename an intermediate file duringthe file transfer process. This error can be caused by running the target applicationduring the installation, as well as some virus-checking programs. When this erroroccurs, shut down all running applications and restart the installation process.

The installation aborts with an error stating: “An error occurred during the movedata process: 115”.

A problem has been encountered on Novell networks in that they may not work withlong file names. In builds of CAESAR II Version 4.00 up through and including980122, the file C2PIPENET.EXE is longer than 8.3 characters, and causes theinstallation to abort.

This error is caused when the installation can not write a file to the target hard disk. Inaddition to the Novell problem noted above, a lack of sufficient access rights will alsocause this error. On some networks, other workstations using the software have causedthis error.

Any build after March 1, 1998 will report the file which can not be installed, prior tothe termination of the installation process.

The software will not startup properly and indicates an ESL (External SoftwareLock) problem.

Check that the necessary ESL drivers have been loaded correctly. Refer to..\caesar\assidrv or ..\caesar\ssidrv for documentation on the drivers. Check the file“patch.ver” and insure the correct version (full run, limited run, dealer) has beeninstalled, and matches your ESL type.

To check that the drivers have been loaded properly, go to ..\caesar\assidrv (for red orwhite) ESLs and run “HINSTALL -info”. For green ESLs, go to ..\caesar\ssidrv andrun “CHECKVDD”.

Q-1

Page 5: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

The Main Menu starts up but attempting to enter the piping input immediately fails.

If this is an NT system, check the program directory for the files OPENGL32.DLL andGLU32.DLL. These files should not exist in the CAESAR II program directory, asthey are Windows 95 components. Delete these two files. (Windows NT providesthese DLLs as part of the operating system. The Windows 95 versions are notcompatible with Windows NT.)

Try a different input file. If the user takes a pre-3.24 input file and renames it from “_a”to “._a”, then the logic to upgrade the file to the new format is bypassed. This will crashthe input processor which uses the file name format to detect pre versus post 3.24versions.

This problem can also be caused by the lack of a configuration file, CAESAR.CFG orchanging the data directory to one containing an out-of-date configuration file.

Only a portion of the window can be seen, some parts or controls are cut off.

CAESAR II was designed to operate in 800x600 resolution with “small fonts”.“Large fonts”, or “custom fonts” may be too large for this (800x600) resolution. Eitherdecrease the font size or increase the screen resolution.

When attempting to use a module which uses “tab controls”, such as: MISC,C2SETUP, ROT, or PREPIP, some users may get an abort in a “debug” messagebox.

This is probably caused by an out of date COMCTL32.DLL. Ask the user to check thedate of COMCTL32.DLL, usually located in C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM, but whereverthe Windows directory is. The date on the one that works is 8/26/96 or newer, and isabout 378K in size. The one that doesn’t work has a date in 1995 and is about 178K.

The only people with this problem are running Win95 OSR1 (OEM Service Release1). They should get the latest service packs from the Microsoft WEB site.

Q-2

Page 6: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

Overview of CAESAR II Interfaces

There are several external interfaces in existence which transfer data between CAESAR IIand other software packages. These interfaces can be accessed via the TOOLS option ofthe main menu.

CADWorx (requies AutoCAD)AUTOCAD (DXF Output)COMPUTER VISION (mainframe)INTERGRAPH (mainframe)CADPIPE (requires AutoCAD)ISOMET (mainframe)PDMS (mainframe)PCF (Alias format)

Users interested in these interfaces should contact COADE for further information. Weanticipate other interfaces in the future. We will keep users updated via the newsletteror revised documentation.

List of CAESAR II Piping Codes

ANSI B31.1 (1998) November 30, 1999ANSI B31.3 (1999) April 15, 1999ANSI B31.4 (1998) April 30, 1999ANSI B31.4 Chapter IX (1998) April 30, 1999ANSI B31.5 (1992) August 31, 1994ANSI B31.8 (1995) December 7, 1995ANSI B31.8 Chapter VIII (1995) December 7, 1995ASME SECT III CLASS 2 (1998) July 1, 1999ASME SECT III CLASS 3 (1998) July 1, 1999U.S. NAVY 505 (1984)CANADIAN Z662 (9/95)BS 806 (1993, ISSUE 1, SEPTEMBER 1993)SWEDISH METHOD 1 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979)SWEDISH METHOD 2 (2ND EDITION STOCKHOLM 1979)ANSI B31.1 (1967)STOOMWEZEN (1989)RCC-M C (1988)RCC-M D (1988)CODETI (1995)NORWEGIAN (1990, Rev 1)FBDR (1995)BS7159 (1989)UKOOA (1994)IGE/TD/12 (1990)DNV (1996)

Q-3

Page 7: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

Restraints

Restraint Type Abbreviation

1 - Anchor ........................................................................................... A2 - Translational Double Acting ............................................ X, Y, or Z3 - Rotational Double Acting .........................................RX, RY, or RZ4 - Guide, Double Acting ................................................................ GUI5 - Double Acting Limit Stop ......................................................... LIM6 - Translational Double Acting Snubber ............XSNB,YSNB, ZSNB7 - Translational Directional ............................. +X, -X, +Y, -Y, +Z, -Z8 - Rotational Directional .................................... +RX, -RX, +RY, etc.9 - Directional Limit Stop .................................................. +LIM, -LIM10 - Large Rotation Rod ..................................... XROD, YROD, ZROD11 - Translational Double Acting Bilinear ............................ X2, Y2, Z212 - Rotational Double Acting Bilinear ......................... RX2, RY2, RZ213 - Translational Directional Bilinear ..................... -X2, +X2, -Y2, etc.14 - Rotational Directional Bilinear ................ +RX2, -RX2, +RY2, etc.15 - Bottom Out Spring ......................................... XSPR, YSPR, ZSPR16 - Directional Snubber .........................+XSNB, -XSNB, +YSNB, etc.

List of Setup File Directives

The following list represents the possible directives which can be controlled by the uservia the CAESAR II configuration file CAESAR.CFG. These directives can be changedby the user through the use of the CONFIGURE-SETUP program, accessed via MAINMENU option #9. Directives are listed in groups corresponding to the configurationprogram's menu options.

GEOMETRY DIRECTIVES

CONNECT GEOMETRY THRU CNODES = YES 34MIN ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .5000000E+01 36MAX ALLOWED BEND ANGLE = .9500000E+02 37BEND LENGTH ATTACHMENT PERCENT = .1000000E+01 38MIN ANGLE TO ADJACENT BEND PT = .5000000E+01 39LOOP CLOSURE TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 42THERMAL BOWING HORZONTAL TOLERANCE = .1000000E-03 92AUTO NODE NUMBER INCREMENT= .1000000E+02 109

COMPUTATION CONTROL

USE PRESSURE STIFFENING = DEFAULT 65ALPHA TOLERANCE = .5000000E-01 33HANGER DEFAULT RESTRAINT STIFFNESS = .1000000E+13 49DECOMPOSITION SINGULARITY TOLERANCE = .1000000E+11 50BEND AXIAL SHAPE = YES 51FRICTION STIFFNESS = .1000000E+07 45FRICTION NORMAL FORCE VARIATION = .1500000E+00 47FRICTION ANGLE VARIATION = .1500000E+02 48FRICTION SLIDE MULTIPLIER = .1000000E+01 46ROD TOLERANCE = .1000000E+01 59

Q-4

Page 8: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

COMPUTATION CONTROL (Cont.)

ROD INCREMENT = .2000000E+01 58INCORE NUMERICAL CHECK = NO 60DEFAULT TRANSLATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS= .1000000E+13 98DEFAULT ROTATIONAL RESTRAINT STIFFNESS= .1000000E+13 99IGNORE SPRING HANGER STIFFNESS = NO 100MISSING MASS ZPA = EXTRACTED 101MINIMUM WALL MILL TOLERANCE= .1200000E+02 107WRC-107 VERSION = MAR 79 1B1/2B1 119WRC-107 INTERPOLATION = LAST VALUE 120

SIFS AND STRESSES

REDUCED INTERSECTION = B31.1(POST1980) 32USE WRC329 NO 62NO REDUCED SIF FOR RFT AND WLT NO 53B31.1 REDUCED Z FIX = YES 54CLASS 1 BRANCH FLEXIBILITY NO 55ALL STRESS CASES CORRODED = NO 35ADD TORSION IN SL STRESS = DEFAULT 66ADD F/A IN STRESS = DEFAULT 67OCCASIONAL LOAD FACTOR = .0000000E+00 41DEFAULT CODE = B31.3 43B31.3 SUSTAINED CASE SIF FACTOR = .1000000E+01 40ALLOW USERS BEND SIF = NO 52USE SCHNEIDER NO 63YIELD CRITERION STRESS= MAX 3D SHEAR 108USE PD/4T NO 64BASE HOOP STRESS ON NO 57

FRP PROPERTIES

USE FRP SIF = YES 110USE FRP FLEXIBILITY = YES 111BS 7159 Pressure Stiffening= Design Strain 121FRP Property Data File= CAESAR.FRP 122Axial Modulus of Elasticity = .3200000E+07 113Ratio Shear Mod : Axial Mod = .2500000E+00 114Axial Strain : Hoop Stress = .1527272E+00 115FRP Laminate Type = THREE 116FRP Alpha = .1200000E+02 117FRP Density = .6000000E-01 118

PLOT COLORS

PIPES LIGHTCYAN 1HIGHLIGHTS GREEN 2LABELS GREEN 3BACKGROUND BLACK 5AXES LIGHTRED 15HANGER/NOZZLES BROWN 16RIGID/BENDS LIGHTGREEN 17NODES YELLOW 18STRUCTURE LIGHTRED 31DISPLACEDSHAPE BROWN 30STRESS > LEVEL 5 RED 24STRESS > LEVEL 4 YELLOW 25STRESS > LEVEL 3 GREEN 26STRESS > LEVEL 2 LIGHTCYAN 27STRESS > LEVEL 1 BLUE 28

Q-5

Page 9: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

PLOT COLORS (Cont.)

STRESS < LEVEL 1 DARK BLUE 29STRESS LEVEL 5 .3000000E+05 19STRESS LEVEL 4 .2500000E+05 20STRESS LEVEL 3 .2000000E+05 21STRESS LEVEL 2 .1500000E+05 22STRESS LEVEL 1 .1000000E+05 23

DATA BASE DEFINITIONS

STRCT DBASE= AISC89.BIN 70VALVE & FLANGE= CADWORX.VHD 90EXPANSION JT DBASE= PATHWAY.JHD 91PIPING SIZE SPECIFICATION ANSI88DEFAULT SPRING HANGER TABLE = 1 112SYSTEM DIRECTORY NAME SYSTEM 123UNITS FILE NAME= ENGLISH.FIL 124

MISCELLANEOUS CONTROL

OUTPUT REPORTS BY LOAD CASE YES 87DISPLACEMENT NODAL SORTING YES 89DYNAMIC INPUT EXAMPLE TEXT MAX 94TIME HIST ANIMATE YES 104OUTPUT TABLE OF CONTENTS ON 105INPUT FUNCTION KEYS DISPLAYED YES 106MEMORY ALLOCATED 6 NAUSER ID " " NAENABLE ODBC OUTPUT NO 125APPEND RE-RUNS TO EXISTING DATA NO 126ODBC DATAASE NAME <NONE> 127

<BELOW>

Q-6

Page 10: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

List of Materials

The CAESAR II material table contains 17 different isotropic materials. Properties andallowed temperature ranges for each isotropic material are listed below: (see Chapter 5of the CAESAR II Technical Reference Guide)

MATERIAL ELASTIC POISSON’S PIPE TEMPERATURENO. NAME MODULUSRATIO DENSITY RANGE______________________ (psi) _______________ (lb./cu.in) __ (deg.F) __1 Low Carbon Steel 29.5 E6 0.292 0.28993 -325 14002 High Carbon Steel 29.3 E6 0.289 0.28009 -325 14003 Carbon Moly Steel 29.2 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 14004 Low Chrome Moly Stl 29.7 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 14005 Med Chrome Moly Stl 30.9 E6 0.289 0.28935 -325 14006 Austenitic Stainless 28.3 E6 0.292 0.28930 -325 15007 Straight Chromium 29.2 E6 0.305 0.28010 -325 14008 Type 310 Stainless 28.3 E6 0.305 0.28990 -325 14009 Wrought Iron 29.5 E6 0.300 0.28070 -325 100010 Grey Cast Iron 13.4 E6 0.211 0.25580 70 100011 Monel 67%Ni/30%Cu 26.0 E6 0.315 0.31870 -325 140012 K-Monel 26.0 E6 0.315 0.30610 -325 140013 Copper-Nickel 22.0 E6 0.330 0.33850 -325 40014 Aluminum 10.2 E6 0.330 0.10130 -325 60015 Copper 99.8% Cu 16.0 E6 0.355 0.32290 70 40016 Commercial Brass 17.0 E6 0.331 0.30610 -325 120017 Leaded Tin Bronze 1 14.0 E6 0.330 0.31890 -325 1200

In addition CAESAR II supports material types 18 or 19 for cut short and cut long coldspring elements.

Material number 20 activates the CAESAR II orthotropic material model (i.e. Fiber-glass reinforced plastic pipe); default coefficient of expansion is12.0E-6in./in./°F.

Material 21 indicates “user defined” properties.

Material numbers over 100 are from the Material Data base and include allowable stressand other piping code data.

Q-7

Page 11: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

Intersection Types in CAESAR II

Q-8

CAESAR II TYPE B31.3 TYPE NOTES SKETCH

1 Reinforced Reinforced - Used to lower SIFs- Not a fitting- Modified Pipe

2 Unreinforced Unreinforced - Routine Intersection- Not a fitting- Modified pipe- Usually the cheapest

3 Welded Tee Welding Tee - Usually size-on-size- Governed by B16.9- Usually the lowest SIF- Usually Expensive

4 Sweepolet Welded-incontour

- "Sit-in" fitting- Forged fitting on a pipe

5 Weldolet Branch WeldedOn

- "Sit-on" fitting- Forged fitting on a pipe

6 Extruded ExtrudedWelding Tee

- Seldom used- Used for thick wall manifolds- Extruded from straight pipe

Fabricated Tee

Fabricated Tee

Insert

Fitting

Page 12: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-9

Code Stresses

Listed below are the “code stress” equations for the actual and allowable stresses usedby CAESAR II. For the listed codes, the actual stress is defined by the left hand sideof the equation and the allowable stress is defined by the right hand side. TheCAESAR II load case label is also listed after the equation.

Typically the load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are sufficient for codecompliance. However, CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases.Occasional loads are unknown in origin and must be specified by the user.

Longitudinal Pressure Stress - Slp

Slp = PD0/4t

ncode approximation

Slp = PDi2/(D

02 - D

i2) code exact equation, CAESAR II default

Operating Stress - unless otherwise specified

S = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < NA (OPE)

B31.1

Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)

B31.3

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)

Sb = [sqrt ( (iiM

i)2 + (i

0M

0)2 )]/Z

ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3

B1 * Pmax Do + B2 * Ma / Z < 1.5 Sh (SUS) 2tn

i Mc / Z < f (1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh) + Sh - Sl(EXP)

B1 * Slpmax + B2 * (Ma + Mb) / Z < 1.8 Sh and < 1.5 Sy. (OCC)

Page 13: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

B31.1 (1967) and Navy Section 505

Sl = Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < Sh (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < f (1.25Sc + 0.25Sh + (Sh-Sl))(EXP)

Slp + sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < k Sh (OCC)

B31.4

If FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained pipe)FAC | E α dT - υ S

HOOP| + S

HOOP< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

If FAC = 0.001 (buried, but soil restraints modeled)Fax/A - ν S

HOOP + Sb + S

HOOP< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)

If FAC = 0.0 (fully above ground)Slp + Fax/A + Sb + S

HOOP< 0.9 (Syield) (OPE)

(If Slp + Fax/A is compressive)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < (0.75) (0.72) (Syield) (SUS)

sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2 ) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

(Slp + Sb + Fax/A) (1.0 - FAC) < 0.8 (Syield) (OCC)

B31.4 Chapter IX

Hoop Stress: Sh <= F

1 S

y(OPE, SUS, OCC)

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 S

y(OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 S

y(OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:S

y= specified minimum yield strength

F1

= hoop stress design factor (0.60 or 0.72, see Table A402.3.5(a) of the B31.4Code)

Sh

= (Pi – P

e) D / 2t

SL

= Sa + S

b or S

a - S

b, whichever results in greater stress value

Se

= 2[((SL - S

h)/2)2 + S

t2]1/2

Q-10

Page 14: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-11

B31.5

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Fax/A + Sb + Slp < k Sh (OCC)

Sb = [sqrt ( (iiM

i)2 + (i

0M

0)2 )]/Z

B31.8

Se + Sl < Syield (OPE)

Sl = Slp + Sb < .75 (Syield) (SUS)

Se = sqrt ( Sb**2 + 4 St**2) < 0.72 (Syield) (EXP)

Se + Sl < .75 (Syield) * k (OCC)

B31.8 Chapter VIII

Hoop Stress: Sh <= F

1 S T (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Longitudinal Stress: |SL| <= 0.8 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se <= 0.9 S (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:

S = specified minimum yield strengthF

1= hoop stress design factor (0.50 or 0.72, see Table A842.22 of the B31.8 Code)

T = temperature derating factor (see Table 841.116A of the B31.8 Code)Note: the product of S and T (i.e., the yield stress at operating temperature) isrequired in the SH field of the CAESAR II input

Sh

= (Pi – P

e) D / 2t

SL

= maximum longitudinal stress (positive tensile, negative compressive)S

e= 2[((S

L - S

h)/2)2 + S

s2]1/2

Ss

= tangential shear stress

Canadian Z662

If FAC = 1.0 (Fully Restrained Pipe)

|E α dT - υ Sh| + S

h< 0.9 S * T (OPE)

If FAC = 0.001 (Burried, But Soil Restraints Modeled)

|Fax

/ A - υ Sh| + S

b + S

h< S * T (OPE)

(If Fax

/ A - υ Sh is compressive)

Page 15: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-12

Canadian Z662 (Continued)

If FAC = 0.0 (Fully Above Ground)

|Slp + F

ax / A| + S

b + S

h< S * T (OPE)

(If Slp + F

ax / A is compressive)

Sl = 0.5S

h + S

b< S * F * L * T (SUS, OCC)

SE = sqrt [S

b ** 2 + 4S

t ** 2] < 0.72 S * T (EXP)

RCC-M C & D

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < Sh (SUS)

iMc/Z < f (1.25 Sc + .25 Sh) + Sh - Sl (EXP)

Slpmax + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2 Sh (OCC)

Stoomwezen

Slp + 0.75i Ma/Z < f (SUS)

iMc/Z < fe (EXP)

Slp + 0.75i (Ma + Mb)/Z < 1.2f (OCC)

CODETI

Sl = Slp + Fax/A + Sb < Sh (SUS)

sqrt (Sb **2 + 4St **2) < f [1.25 (Sl + Sh)] - Sl (EXP)

Slp + Fax/A + iMa/Z + iMb/Z < Ksh (OCC)

Sb = [ Sqrt ((iiM

i)2 + (i

0M

0)2] /Z

Norwegian

Sl = PDi2 + .75 i Ma < Sh (SUS) Eff(D

02-D

i2) Z

iMc/Z < Sh + Sr - Sl (EXP)

PmaxDi2 + .75i (Ma + Mb) < 1.2 Sh (OCC)Eff(D

02-D

i2) Z

M = sqrt (Mx

2 + My

2 + Mz2)

Sr = Minimum of 1.25 Sc + 0.25 Sh; FrR

s-F

2; or F

r (1.25R

1 + 0.25R

2)

(The latter applies to temperatures over 370°c; 425°c for Austeniticstainless steel)

Page 16: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

Norwegian (Continued)

Fr

= Cyclic reduction factor

Rs

= Permissable extent of stress for 7000 cycles

R1

= Minimum of Sc and 0.267 Rm

R2

= Minimum of Sh and 0.367 Rm

Rm

= Ultimate tensile strength at room temperature

FBDR

Sl = Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z < Sh (SUS)

i Mc / Z < f [ 1.25 (Sc+Sh) - Sl ] (EXP)

Slp + 0.75 i Ma / Z + 0.75 i Mb / Z < k Sh (OCC)

BS 7159

If Sx is tensile:

( )sqrt S 4Sx2

s2+ < Sh (OPE)

and

( )sqrt S 4S2s2

φ + < Sh*EH/E

A(OPE)

or, if Sx is compressive:

S Sx xφ νφ− < Sh*EH/E

A(OPE)

and

Sx < 1.25Sh (OPE)

( )( )

( ) ( )( )S

P D

t

sqrt i M i M

Zxm

xi i xo o

= ++

4

2 2

( )( )

( ) ( )( )P D

t

sqrt i M i M

Z

F

Am

xi i xo ox

4

2 2

−+

(If Fx/A > P(Dm)/(4t), and it is compressive)

( )S

MP D

tm

φ =( )2

(for straight pipes)

( ) ( ) ( )= +

+

MP D

t

sqrt i M i M

Zm

i i o o

( )2

2 2

φ φ

(for bends)

Q-13

Page 17: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

BS7159 (Continued)

( ) ( ) ( )( )= +

+

MP D

t

sqrt i M i M

Zm

xi i xo o

( )2

2 2

(for tees) ,

D and are always for the Run Pipem t

Eff = Ratio of Eφ to Ex

UKOOA

σab (f2/r) + PD

m/ (4t) ≤ (f

1 f

2 LTHS) / 2.0

Where:P = design pressureD

m= pipe mean diameter

t = pipe wall thicknessf

1= factor of safety for 97.5% lower confidence limit, usually 0.85

f2

= system factory of safety, usually 0.67σab = axial bending stress due to mechanical loadsr = σa(0:1) /σa(2:1)σa(0:1) = long term axial tensile strength in absence of pressure loadσa(2:1) = long term axial tensile strength in under only pressure loadingLTHS = long term hydrostatic strength (hoop stress allowable)

BS 806

Straight Pipe< S

AOPE

fc

= sqrt(F2 + 4fs2) < S

ASUS

< SAEXP

fs

= Mt(d + 2t) / 4I

F = max (ft, f

L)

ft

= pd/2t + 0.5p

fL

= pd2/[4t(d + t)] + (d + 2t)[sqrt(mi2 + m

o2)] / 2I

Bends

< SAOPE

fc

= sqrt (F2 + 4 fs2) < S

ASUS

< SAEXP

fs

= Mt (d + 2t) /4I

F = max (ft, f

L)

Q-14

Page 18: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

BS806 (Continued)

ft

= r/I * sqrt[(miF

Ti)2 + (m

0F

To)2]

fs

= r/I * sqrt[(miF

Li)2 + (m

0F

Lo)2]

Branch Junctions

< SAOPE

fcb

= q * sqrt[fb

2 + 4fsb

2] < SASUS

< SAEXP

fb

= (d + t)*p*m/(2t) + r/I*sqrt[(miF

TL)2 + (m

oF

TO)2]

Fsb

= Mt (d + 2t) / 4I

q = 1.0 except for operating cases

= .5 or .44 bases on d2/d

1 ratio in operating cases

m = geometric parameter

EXP SA

= min[H*Sproof

ambient

+ H*Sproof

design

),

OPE SA

= Savg rupture

at design temperature

SUS SA

= min[.8*Sproof

, Screep

rupture

]

Det Norske Veritas (DNV)

Hoop Stress: Sh <= n

s SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Hoop Stress: Sh <= n

u SMTS (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Longitudinal Stress: SL <= n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Equivalent Stress: Se <= n SMYS (OPE, SUS, OCC)

Where:

Sh

= (Pi – P

e) (D – t) / 2t

ns

= hoop stress yielding usage factor (see Tables C1 and C2 of the DNV Code)SMYS = specified minimum yield strength, at operating temperaturen

u= hoop stress bursting usage factor (see Tables C1 and C2 of the DNV Code)

SMTS = specified minimum tensile strength, at operating temperatureS

L= maximum longitudinal stress

n = equivalent stress usage factor (see Table C4 of the DNV Code)

Se

= [Sh

2 + SL

2 - ShS

L – 3t2]1/2

Q-15

Page 19: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

Node Locations on Bends

• Bends are defined by the element entering the bend and the element leaving the bend. Theactual bend curvature is always physically at the “TO” end of the element entering the bend.

• The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the element defining (entering)the bend.

• The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.

• For stress and displacement output the “TO” node of the element entering the bend islocated geometrically at the “FAR” point on the bend. The “FAR” point is at the weldlineof the bend, and adjacent to the straight element leaving the bend.

• The “NEAR” point on the bend is at the weldline of the bend, and adjacent to the straightelement entering the bend.

• The “FROM” point on the element is located at the “NEAR” point of the bend if the totallength of the element as specified in the DX, DY and DZ fields is equal to: Radius * tan(Beta / 2 ) where “Beta” is the bend angle, and “Radius” is the bend radius of curvature tothe bend centerline.

• Nodes defined in the ANGLE # and NODE # fields are placed at the given angle on thebend curvature. The angle starts with zero degrees at the “NEAR” point on the bend andgoes to “Beta” degrees at the “FAR” point of the bend.

• Angles are always entered in degrees.

• By default, nodes on the bend curvature cannot be specified within five (5) degrees of oneanother or within five degrees of the nearest endpoint. This and other bend settings maybe changed through the MAIN MENU, CONFIGURE-SETUP processor. (See pp Q5-6)

• When the “FROM” node on the element entering the bend is not at the bend “NEAR” pointa node may be placed at the near point of the bend by entering an ANGLE # on the bendspreadsheet equal to 0.0 degrees. (See the following figure.)

• When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe spreadsheet, nodes areautomatically placed at the near and mid point of the bend. The generated midpoint nodenumber is one less than the “TO” node number on the element, and the generated near pointnode number is two less than the “TO” node number on the element. A near point shouldalways be included in the model in tight, highly formed piping systems.

The top-left figure below shows the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-right figure shows the actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The bottom-left figure shows the same geometry except that two nodes are defined on the bendcurvature at angles of zero and forty-five degrees.

Q-16

Page 20: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-17

Page 21: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

CAESAR II Combined Index

The following index is a “Combined Index”, consisting of the index entries from all threeCAESAR II manuals. In this “Combined Index”, entries preceded with a “U” are referencingthe “User’s Guide”, entries preceded with an “A” are referencing the “Applications Guide”,and entries preceded with a “T” are referencing the “Technical Reference Manual”.

Numerics180 degree return (fitting-to-fitting 90 deg.

bends)A2-63-D graphicsU5-383-D spaceT3-5

AAbsU8-18Absolute

Expansion loadT6-4MethodT5-72, T5-75

AccelerationFactorT5-68VectorT5-49, T5-58

Access protected dataT2-28Account numberT7-2AccountingT7-2

File T7-7MenuT7-3Summary reportsT7-2SystemT7-2

Accounting file structureT7-7Acoustic

Flow problemsT5-51ResonancesT5-85ShockT5-88VibrationT5-4WavesA7-29

Activate accounting tabT7-3Activate bourdon effectsT3-85Actual cold loadsU6-19Actual pressureT2-20AddT4-3Add f/a in stressesT2-11Add torsion in sl stressT2-11Added mass coefficientT6-33Adding snubbersT5-45AdvancedU8-27, U8-31Advanced parametersT5-82, U8-19Advanced parameters show screenU8-10Airy wave theoryT6-29Airy wave theory implementationT6-32AISC 1977 databaseT4-47AISC 1989 databaseT4-51AISC databaseU10-5

AISC output reportsU12-47AISC unity checks

Allow sideswayU12-42Allowable stress increase factorU12-41Bending coefficientU12-42Double angle spacingU12-46Fixity coefficientsU12-46Form factor qaU12-42Member typeU12-44Stress reduction factorsU12-41Structural codeU12-41

All cases corrodedT2-10Allow short range springsT3-32, T3-81Allow sideswayU12-42Allow user’s sif at bendT2-9Allowable

Load variationT3-31, T3-81StressT2-38, T3-54, T6-41, T6-78Stress tablesT3-59

Allowable stress increase factorU12- 41Allowable stressesU5-15Allowed travel limitT3-32AlphaT4-6Alpha toleranceT2-4, T3-8, U5-5Alpha tolerance valueT6-7Alternating pressureT5-87Ambient temperatureT3-61, T3-62, T3- 87, U5-5Analysis

TypeT5-49Analysis menuU4-6Analysis type (harmonic/spectrum/ modes/time-

history)T5-49Analytical modelT6-67Analyzing the dynamics job

EigensolverU8-33Mode shapesU8-33

Performing a harmonic analysisForcing frequencyU8-34Phase angleU8-34

Performing a modal analysisEigensolverU8-33Frequency cutoffU8-33Modes of vibrationU8-33Natural frequenciesU8-33Sturm sequence checkU8-33

Q-18

Page 22: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-19

Performing a spectral analysisMass participation factorsU8-35

Selection of phase anglesHarmonic resultsU8-34Harmonic stressU8-34

AnchorT3-24AnchorsA3-2, T3-100Anchors with displacementsA3-3Anchors, flexibleA3-5AngleT3-12, T4-23, T4-25Angle fieldA2-2Angle to adjacent bendA2-3Angular

Forcing frequencyT5-49FrequencyT5-57, T5-58StiffnessT3-74

Angular gimbalA5-26Animation

MotionU7-18Animation of dynamic resultsU9-14

Dynamic animationU9-14AnimationU9-15Dynamics review optionsU9- 15

ANSIA58.1T6-22, T6-25B16.5U12-23B36.10T3-6B36.10 Steel Pipe NumbersT3-6B36.19T3-6Nominal Pipe ODT3-6

API 560 (fired heaters for general refineryservices)U12-73

API 605 rating tablesU12-23API 610 (centrifugal pumps)U12-57API 617 (centrifugal compressors)U12-64API 661 (air cooled heat exchangers)U12-66API-650

delta tT3-45fluid heightT3-44nozzle heightT3-44nozzlesT3-43reinforcing 1 or 2T3-44specific gravityT3-44tank coefficient of thermal expansionT3-44tank diameterT3-44tank modulus of elasticityT3-45tank wall thicknessT3-44

Applicable wave theory determinationT6-30Applied load vectorT5-49ArchiveA8-33, U6-13ArchivingT9-12Archiving and reinstallingU1-8AreaT4-8ASCE #7 wind loadsU6-9

ASMEPiping codesT6-94Sect. IIIT2-12, T6-98Sect. III Piping CodeT6-98Sect. VIII Division 2T6-41

ASME III subsections NC and ND T6-100ASME Sect. IIIT2-12Australian 1990 databaseT4-59Auto node number incrementT2-13AutorunU2-22Auxiliary

DataT3-93Element dataT8-67ProcessorsT1-2

Auxiliary data areaU5-9Auxiliary data fields

Auxiliary screensU5-9Expansion joint

Effective diameter of bellowsU5-10Pressure thrust in expansion joints

U5-10Auxiliary element dataT8-66Auxiliary fields

boundary conditionsT3-23component informationT3-11imposed loadsT3-49piping code dataT3- 54

Available commandsT3-65, U6-5Available expansion joint end- typesT3-76Available spaceT3-30, T3-76AxesT2-17Axial

BendingT6-79Elastic modulusT2-21Expansion stressT6-101ModulusT3-9RestraintT3-61Shape functionT2-3StiffnessT6-8StressT6-74, T6-78, T6-101

Axial deflectionA5-4Axial member forceU12-46Axial strain

Hoop Stress (Ea/Eh*Vh/a)T2-21Axial tensile strengthT6-79, T6-114

BB1T3-18B2T3-18B31.1T6-94, T6-109

(post 1980)T2-11(pre 1980)T2-11reduced z fixT2-12

Page 23: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-20

B31.3T6-95sustained case SIF factorT2-8

B31.4T6-96B31.4 Chapter IX T6-97B31.8T6-98B31.8 chapver VIII T6-99BackfillU11-11BackgroundT2-17Ball JointsA6-5BandwidthU6-12Bandwidth optimizerT3-88Base hoop stressT2-10Base patternT4-18Basic element dataT8-64, T8-66

load casesU6-16loading caseT6-5material yield strengthT3-60operationU3-5

Batch modeT7-8Batch runU6-2Batch stream processorT7-8BeamsT4-28

FixT4-29FreeT4-29

BellowsT3-78, T6-9Allowed torsionT3-75

Bellows application notesT3-76Bellows IDA5-2Bellows, tiedA5-4BendT3-11

Axial shapeT2-3CurvatureT2-14Length attachment percentT2-14MiterT3-12NodeT3-21RadiusT3-12, T6-85

BendangleA2-2, A2-3auxiliary inputA2-4dataU5-9definitionA2-2length attachment percentT2-14radiusA2-2stress intensification factorsU12-5

Bending coefficientU12-42Bending stiffnessT6-8Bending stressU12-14BendsA2-1, T3-11Bends with trunnionsU12-7Bends, doubleA2-4Bends, single-flangedA2-4Bends, stiffenedA2-4Bends, teesT3-101

BilinearRestraintsA3-47SpringsU11-9SupportsA3-47, U11-9

Block operationsT3-93Bolts and gasketU12-20Bonney forge sweepoletsT3-18, T6-90Bottom-outA4-15Bottom-out springA4-23Boundary conditionsU5-6, U9-12Bourdon pressureT3-85BoxhT4-8BoxwT4-8BracesT4-30

FixT4-30FreeT4-30

BranchCombined stressT6-75ConnectionsT3-17, T3-18FlexibilitiesT6-15Pipe spreadsheetT3-20Stress intensificationT3-20Torsional stressT6-75

Branch error and coordinate promptsT3-85BreakT3-66Break commandT3-65BrowserU2-15BS 5500

nozzlesT3-45radio buttonT3-45

BS 7159T3-10, T6-113codeT3-18, T6-66, T6-74pressure stiffeningT2-20

BS 806T6-104, U12-617.3.1T6-104

Building elementsT4-15Building spectrum / time history load casesT5-25Building static load casesU6-6Building the load casesU3-10Buoyancy forceT6-31Buried pipe

displacementsU11-4exampleU11-13restraintsU11-3

Butt weldT3-18, T3-64Butt-welded teesT3-18BYT4-14

CCad interfacesT8-4CadcentreT8-63Cadpipe example transferT8-8Cadpipe interfaceT8-5Cadpipe logT8-18

Page 24: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-21

Cadpipe log file discussionT8-13Cadpipe/CAESAR II data transferT8- 17, T8-18CADWorx/PIPET3-68, U1-3

databaseT2-23, T3-67directoryT3-68linkT8-4

CAESAR IIfatal error processingT7- 10file guideT9-2gas thrust load calculationsA7-9initial capabilities (12/ 84)T10-2log fileT8-21neutral file interfaceT8- 63operational (job) data filesT9-12quick startU3-2underground pipe modelerU11-2version 1.1s features (2/ 86)T10-3version 2.0a features (10/ 86)T10-4version 2.1c features (6/ 87)T10-5version 2.2b features (9/ 88)T10-6version 3.0 features (4/ 90)T10-7version 3.1 features (11/ 90)T10-8version 3.15 features (9/ 91)T10-9version 3.16 features (12/ 91)T10-10version 3.17 features (3/ 92)T10-11version 3.18 features (9/ 92)T10-12version 3.19 features (3/ 93)T10-14version 3.20 features (10/ 93)T10-16version 3.21 changes & enhancements

(7/94)T10-18version 3.22 changes & enhancements

(4/95)T10-20version 3.23 changes (3/ 96)T10-22version 3.24 changes & enhancements

(3/97)T10-23version 4.00 changes and enhancements

(1/98)T10-26version 4.10 changes and enhancements

(1/99)T10-27Caesar.cfgT2-2Calculate actual cold loadsT3-81Canadian

Z184T6-100Z662T6-102

CaseU9-16Center of gravity reportU3-10

TutorialU3-10Change passwordT2-28Checking nozzle loadsA9-21Checking the installationU2-11Chopped strand matT2-20, T3-11, T6- 84,

T6-113Circumferential

(hoop) directionT3-57, T3-59

StressT6-74WeldT3-18Weld joint efficiencyT3-56, T3-59Weld strength factorT3-59, T6-110

Class 1Branch flexibilityT2-12, T6-13Flexibility calculationsT2-12Intersection flexibilitiesT6-13

Closely spaced mitered bendA2-8Closely spaced mode criteriaT5-67CNodeA3-6, A3-22, A3-32, T3-24, T3-96,

T5- 46Code

ComplianceT3-55, T6-18, T6-90, U8-5Code stresses for dynamicsU9-7Code-calculatedT3-20Code-calculated stressT3-21Code-calculated valuesT3-19CodesT3-55Codes and databasesT10-12Code-specific notesT6-94CODETI T6-111Cold

Allowable stressT3-55, T6-96Elastic modulusT2-37Load caseT6-88Load designT3-28Loads U6-19ModulusT3-62Spring A6-8, T3-8, T3-9, T6-4Spring elementT6-5SustainedT6-20

Column reportsU7-5ColumnsT4-32

FixT4-32FreeT4-32

Combination casesA7-30Combination load casesU6-16, U6-17Combination methodU8-18Combined stressT6-74Combining independent piping systemsT3-89Combining static and dynamic resultsT5-33CommandsT1-2, U6-5Compressed formattingT9-7CompressionT6-70Computation controlT2-3Computational interfacesT8-81Computed mass flowrateT5-96Computed mass flowrate (vent gas)T5-92Computervision interfaceT8-20, T8-21Computervision/CAESAR II data transferT8-21Concentrated forcesU8-2Concentric reducer modelingA6-3Concentric reducersA6-2

Page 25: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-22

ConclusionsA8-42ConfigurationT1-2, U2-12

ProgramT3-6SpreadsheetsT2-2

ConfigureSetupT3-102Setup routineT3-70ButtonT2-2

Configure-setup—geometryA2-3Connect geometry through CNodesA4-12, T2-13Connecting node displacementsA4-10Connecting nodesA4-10, A7-79, T2-13, T3-24,

U10-19Conservative cutoffT5-66Constant effort hangerT6-12Constant effort supportT6-12Constant effort support designA4-5Constant force valueT6-16Construction design factorT6-101Construction elementU5-5Control

KeysT3-98ParametersT1-2

Control informationT8-64Control parametersU8-5, U8-10, U8-13, U8-19,

U8-26, U8-31Controlling the dynamic solutionT5-3Convergence errorT2-4Convert input to new unitsT2-32Converting forces/moments in CAESAR II

global coordinates to WRC 107 localaxesA7-83

ConvolutionsT3-76Corroded effective section modulusT6-91Corroded pipelines, B31G

Calculating corroded areaU12-27Flaw LengthU12-27

Corroded stress calculationsT6-96CorrosionT2-10, T3-7CoversT3-79Cpu time usedT7-2Crane databaseT2-23, T3-67Create a new units fileT2-30Create tableT5-24Creating a more accurate modelA9-12Creep rupture design stress valueT3- 60Creep rupture stressT3-56Critical dampingT5-68Cross section areaT4-8Crotch RT3-17Crotch radiusT3-17Cryogenic piping dynamics exampleA7-36Cumulative usageU9-8Current dataT6-37

Current profileT6-31Curve boundaryT3-39Curved pipeT3-18Cut longT6-5Cut shortT3-8, T6-5Cutoff

See non-conservative, conservative, andoptimalT5-66

Cutoff frequencyU8-10Cyclic frequencyT5-57Cyclic reduction factorT3-59, T6-86, T6-96Cyclic reduction factor fieldsT3-62Cyclic stress rangeU8-2

DDamped harmonicsT5-51DampingT5-50, T5-68, U8-13Damping matrixT5-49Damping ratioT5-58, T5-75Data

DirectoryT3-102FilesT9-4, T9-12SetT9-5

Data fieldsU5-3Data matrix interfaceT8-52, T8-79Data processing - statT4-45Database definitionsT2-22Decomposition singularity toleranceT2-5, T5-82Default

codeT2-7restraint stiffnessT2-6rotational restraint stiffnessT2-6spring hanger tableT2-23translational restraint stiffnessT2-6

Defining global restraints - fixT4-34Defining response spectra profilesT5- 38Defining time history profilesT5-17Definition of a load caseU6-15Degree-of-freedom oscillatorT5-77DeleteT3-94, T4-3Delta xT3-3Delta yT3-3Delta zT3-3DensT4-6DensitiesT3-10, U5-8DensityT2-36Depth-decay functionT6-36Design

CADWorx/PIPEU1-3Design strainT2-20, T6-74Design stressT3-57Det Norske Veritas (DNV) T6-116Diagnostics menuU4-9Diagnostics-error reviewT7-10

Page 26: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-23

Diagonal damping matrixT5-58Diagonal stiffness matrixT5-58DiameterT3-6Diameter fieldT3-6Differences between the 1977 and 1989 AISC

codesU12-49Diffraction effectsT6-36Din nominal pipe odT3-6Din pipe schedulesT3-7DirectionT5-11, T5-14, T5-25, T5-38, T5-43Directional combination methodT5-79Directory structureT9-2Discontiguous systemsA7-79Discussion of resultsA7-45Displaced shapeT2-17DisplacementT3-48, T5-14

ComponentsT6-47LoadsT6-4RangeT6-18ReportsT2-25VectorT5-49, T5-58

Displacement load caseU6-17Displacement reportA7-16, A7-30Displacement reports sorted by nodesT2-25Displacement stress rangeA8-27Displacement submenuU7-14Displacement vectorA3-4DisplacementsT3-48, U5-12, U7-6, U9-5Displaying element informationT3- 100Distance to opposite-side stiffener or headT3-41,

T3-47Distance to stiffener or headT3-41, T3- 47Dlf curvesT5-88DLF spectrum generatorU8-23Double angle spacingU12-46Double sum method (DSRSS)T5-74Double-acting restraint (rotational)A3-18Double-acting restraintsA3-17Drag coefficientT6-39Driving frequenciesU8-5Driving frequencyT5-85, T5-87Dual gimbalA5-30Dummy leg, verticalA3-36DuplicateT3-94Duplicate dialog boxT3-94DxT3-3Dx,Dy,DzT4-14Dxf autocad interfaceT8-4Dxf fileT8-4DyT3-3Dynamic

AnalysesT5-61Control parametersT1-2Displacement criteriaT5-85

Earthquake loadingT3-87EarthquakesT6-22Equation of motionT5-49Example input textT2-26InputT1-2Input processorT5-47LoadT5-3Load factorT5-52, T5-54, T5-63, T8- 82,

T8-87Load factor spectrumT5-56LoadsT5-51ProblemT5-51

Dynamic amplitudeU8-2Dynamic analysis inputT5-2Dynamic analysis input processor

Dynamic analysis typesU8-7Dynamic input commandsU8-8Initiating dynamic inputU8-6Prerequisites for dynamic inputU8- 6

Dynamic animationU9-14Dynamic capabilities

Harmonic analysisU8-2Concentrated forcesU8-2Cyclic stress rangeU8-2Dynamic amplitudeU8-2Equipment start-upU8-2Fluid pulsationU8-2Forcing frequenciesU8-2Phase angleU8-2Rotating equipmentU8-2VibrationU8-2

Modal analysisU8-2Mode shapesU8-2Natural frequencyU8-2

Spectrum analysisU8-2Impulse analysisU8-2Relief valveU8-2Response spectrum methodU8-2Response vs. frequency spectraU8-2Sustained stresses in spectrum

analysisU8-2Time history analysisU8-3

Dynamic capabilities in CAESAR IIU8-2Dynamic example input textT2-26Dynamic imbalanceU8-12Dynamic load case numberU8-18Dynamic load factorU8-20Dynamic load specificationU8-5Dynamic output processorU9-2

Boundary conditionsU9-12Friction resistanceU9-12Nonlinear restraintsU9-12

Forces/stresses, dynamicsU9-8Global forces, dynamicsU9-7

Page 27: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-24

Harmonic resultsU9-2General resultsU9-3

Included mass dataU9-11% Force activeU9-11% Force addedU9-12% Mass includedU9-11Extracted modesU9-11Missing mass correctionU9- 11System responseU9-11

Local forces, dynamicsU9-6Mass modelU9-12

Lumped massesU9-12Mass participation factorsU9-9Modes mass normalizedU9-10Modes unity normalizedU9-10Natural frequenciesU9-10Report types, dynamics

Displacements, dynamic outputU9-5Report optionsU9-5

Restraints, dynamicsU9-5Maximum load on restraintsU9-5Maximum modal contributionU9-5Mode identification lineU9-5

Spectrum resultsU9-3Static/dynamic combinationsU9-3

Stresses, dynamicsU9-7Code stresses for dynamicsU9-7Stress intensification factorsU9-7Stress reportU9-7

Time history resultsU9-3Dynamic responsesU8-3DzT3-3

EE mod / axialT2-37Earthquake

EffectsT5-3LoadT5-53Load magnitudesT6-22LoadsT3-87SpectrumT5-68, U8-14Static load casesT6-22

Earthquake input spectrumSpectrum definitionsU8-14

Response spectrum tableU8- 14Shock definitionU8-14Spectrum dataU8-14Spectrum nameU8-14

Spectrum load casesEarthquakeU8-16El Centro earthquake dataU8- 17Independent support motionU8-17

Spectrum load cases exampleU8-17

Static/dynamic combinationsABSU8-18Combination methodU8-18Hanger sizing for dynamicsU8-18Occasional allowable stressU8-18Occasional dynamic stressesU8-18Occasional StressU8-18Piping codes for earthquakesU8-18SRSSU8-18Sustained static stressesU8- 18

EarthquakesU8-24Eccentric reducer modelingA6-4Eccentric reducersA6-2Edit menuU5-24EffT3-58Eff, cf, zT2-36Effective

diameterU5-10gasket modulusU12-23idT3-15massT5-78

EfillT4-16EgenT4-18EigensolutionT5-57, U8-5EigensolverU8-33Eigensolver algorithmT5-54EigenvalueT5-57EJMA (expansion joint manufacturers

association)U12-33El centroU8-15Elastic ModulusT2-38, T3-61, T3-62, T6-83Elbows - different wall thicknessA2- 13Elbows, pressure-balancedA5-32ElemT4-15Element

DuplicationT3-94ListT3-93RotationT3-94

Element lengthU11-4Element lengthsU5-3Element offsetsT3-5Elemental volume plotsT3-102ElevationT6-27Elevation table entryT6-25End connection informationT4-26End connectionsU10-6Ending frequencyT5-8Ending the input sessionA8-25Endurance limitT5-52Entering existing springs (no design)A4-7Entering the dynamic analysis input menuU8-6Entity informationT8-14Entry into the processorU9-2Entry into the static output processorU7-2

Page 28: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-25

Equationfor pipe under complete axial restraintT3-61for stressT3-61ModelingT6-104

Equipment and component evaluationU12-2Bend SIFs

TrunnionU12-6Bends with trunnions

TrunnionsU12-7Equipment checksU12-2Flanges attached to bend ends

BS-806U12-6FlexibilityU12-6OvalizationU12-6

Intersection SIFsU12-3Pressure stiffening

Flexibility factorU12-6Stress intensification factorU12-6

Stress concentrations and intensificationsPeak stress indexU12-7Stress concentration factorU12-7TrunnionU12-7

Equipment start-upU8-2Equipment vibrationT5-4Equivalent stress failureT6-70Equivalent wind pressureT6-25Error checkingU6-2

Commands, error checkingU6-5Errors, warnings, and notesU6-2

Error checking the modelU3-9Error code definitionsT8-13, T8-14Error handling and analyzing the jobU8-32Errors

Errors and warningsU3-9ESLU2-9, U8-32

driversU2-17installation on a networkU2-20menuU4-10

Estimated number of significant figures ineigenvaluesT5-82

Evaluating pump discharge loadsA9-2Evaluating vessel stressesT6-41Examples

Dynamic analysisA7-58Dynamic analysis of independent support

earthquake excitationA7-36Dynamic analysis of water hammer loads

A7-20Harmonic analysisA7-2Jacketed pipingA7-72Multiple load- case spring-hanger design

T3- 34Natural frequency analysisA7-2Nema sm23A7-95

Omega loop modelingA7-66Relief valve loadsA7-7Structural analysisA7-47WRC 107A7-82

Example transferT8-29Excitation frequencyU8-11Exe files - requiredT9-3Executing static analysisU3-12, U6-11Existing file to start fromT2-31Existing springsA4-7ExitU2-19Exit pipe end flow conditionsT5-97Exp. coeff.T2-38Expansion

AllowableT6-95, T6-101, T6-102Case allowable stressT3-62JointsT6-8Load caseT6-88StressT3-61, T3-62Stress allowableT3-60Stress rangeT6-18, T6-19StressesT6-18

Expansion coefficientT2-38, T3-62Expansion jointU5-10

ModelerT3-70, T3-74StylesT3-77

Expansion joint design notesT3-75Expansion joint ratingA5-10, U12-33

EJMAU12-33Maximum axial movementU12-33Maximum lateral deflectionU12-33Maximum rotationU12-33OutputU12-36

Expansion jointsA5-1, A5-2, T2-23, T3- 15,T3-84, T6-8, U5-5, U5-28

DatabaseT2-23ModelT3-70, T3-74

Expansion joints and rigidsT3-100Expansion load casesU3-10, U6-18Expansion stressesA8-27Exponential formatT3-3Extended

Operating conditionsT3-8, T3-9RangeT3-28

External software lockESL updatingU4-10Local ESLU2-20Network ESLU2-20

Extra thermal caseT6-6ExtractedT2-3, T5-77Extracted mode shapesT6-46Extracted modesU9-11

Page 29: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-26

FF1, rrgT2-38F2, rmgT2-39F3, rmminT2-39FacT2-37, T3-61FactorT5-25, T5-33Fatal error dialogU6-3Fatigue

Curve dataT3-64CycleT3-58EvaluationsT3-64FactorT3-58TestT6-90

Fatigue (FAT)U6-7, U6-16analysis of piping systemsT6-51analysis using CAESAR IIT6-50basicsT6-50capabilities in dynamic analysisT6-61curveU5-15curve dataU5-16curve dialogU5-16failureU9-8load casesU9-8loadingsU7-11stress typesU6-7, U8-11, U8-17, U9-8

Fatigue-type load casesU7-11FDBRT6-113Fetch lengthT6-28Fiberglass reinforced plasticT2-19, T3-9, T3-11,

T6-90, T6-111Fiberglass reinforced plastic piping systems

T3-85Fiber-matrix compositeT6-68File

Clean up filesT9-2CompatibilityT6-10

File menuU4-3, U5-22Files-accountingT7-7FilletT3-18Fillet weldT3-64Final CAESAR II dataT8-17Finite length expansion jointsT3-15Fitting

Flexibility factorT2-19Outside radiusT3-17

Fitting thicknessT3-13Fixity coefficients, AISCU12-46Flange databaseT3-66Flange leakage and stress calculationsT10-9,

U12-18Flange leakageU12-18

MethodologyU12-18Flange rating

ANSI B16.5U12-23

API 605U12-23Rating TablesU12-23

Leak pressure ratioGasket FactorU12-23

Flange ratingU12-23Flanged endsT3-67Flanges attached to bend endsU12-6Flaw lengthU12-27FlexibilitiesT6-45Flexibility

AnalysisT3-62FactorT2-19, T3-10, T3-12, T6-85MatrixT6-18OrientationT3-46

Flexible anchorsA3-5Flexible anchors with predefined

displacementsA3-6Flexible nozzle (WRC bulletin 297)A3-8Flexible nozzle w/ complete vessel modelA3-12Flexible nozzle w/ predefined displacements

A3-11Flexible nozzlesU5-19Fluid

Bulk modulusT5-96HammerT5-6

Fluid densityT3-10, T5-96Fluid loadsT6-31Fluid pulsationU8-2FnT3-58ForceT5-11, T5-24, T5-38, T5-58

Orthogonalization after convergenceT5-84SetsT5-59Spectrum analysisT5-56

Force response spectrum definitionsT5-23Force set #T5-26, T5-39Force setsU8-5, U8-24, U8-28, U8-30Force spectrum analysisT5-56Force spectrum methodologyU8-20Force spectrum nameT5-23ForcesT3-49, T3-75, U5-13Forces and momentsT3-49Forces at elbowsT5-6Forces, moments, displacementsT3-101Forces/moments submenuU7-15Forces/stressesU9-8Force-time profilesU8-28, U8-29Forcing frequencyU8-2, U8-34Form factor QAU12-42Free

Anchor/Restraint at nodeT3-35Free codeA4-13, T3-36Free end connections - freeT4-26French petrochemical codeT6-20FrequencyU8-13

Page 30: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-27

Array spacesT5-84CutoffT5-63, T5-65, U8-33

FrictionAngle variationT2-5CoefficientT3-26Normal force variationT2-4Restraint stiffnessT2-4Slide multiplierT2-5StiffnessT2-4Stiffness factorT5-62

Friction angle variationT2-5Friction effectsU8-4Friction normal force variationT2-4Friction resistanceU9-12Friction restraintsU8-4Friction slide multiplierT2-5Friction stiffnessT2-4, U8-4From node numberT3-3Frp

Alpha (e-06)T2-21AnalysisT6-81DataT9-6Modulus of elasticityT2-21Pipe densityT2-21Property data fileT2-20

Frp coefficient of thermal expansion(x 1,000,000 )T3-88

Frp laminate typeT2-20, T3-88Frp modulus of elasticityT2-21Frp pipe densityT2-21Frp pipe propertiesT2-19Frp property data fileT2-20Frp ratio of shear modulus/emod axialT3-88Ftg roT3-17Full runU1-9

GGT4-6GapT3-26Gasket factorU12-23Gas-specific heatsT5-90General informationA4-2General notesT8-12General notes for all codesT6-90General propertiesT4-3Generalized modal coordinatesT6-47Generate filesU6-5Generating CAESAR II inputA8-5Generation of the CAESAR II configuration

fileT2-2Generic databaseT3-67Generic neutral filesT8-63GenincT4-19GeninctoT4-19

GenlastT4-19Geometry directivesT2-13German 1991 databaseT4-57GimbalT3-78Gimbal jointA5-26Girth butt weldT6-90Glass reinforced plasticsT6-66Global

EditingT3-93LevelT3-33Load vectorT6-16Stiffness matrixT6-11X directionT3-3Y directionT3-3Z directionT3-3

Global element forcesU7-7Global forcesU9-7Global parametersU12-40Gram-schmidt orthogonalizationsT5-83Graphical outputU7-13Graphics updatesT10-8Gravitational acceleration constantT6-22Gravitational loadingT3-87Gravity loads - gloadsT4-39Grinnell springsT3-28Group modal combination methodT5-67Grouping methodT5-73Grp pipingT6-66Grp piping offshoreT6-74GuidesA3-20

HHangerU6-19

AlgorithmT6-11Auxiliary data fieldT3-23Between two pipesA4-12DataA4-3, T3-80Default restraint stiffnessT2-6DesignA4-2, A4-11, T6-10Design algorithmT6-11Design control dataU5-30Design control dialogT6-12Design control spreadsheetT3-32, T3-80Design with anchorsA4-13Design with support thermal movementA4-11Design with user-specified operating load

A4-14Hot loadsT6-10Run control spreadsheetT3-28TravelT6-10Type restraintT3-25

Hanger selectionActual cold loadsU6-19Additional hangerU6-19

Page 31: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-28

Design load casesU6-19Hanger sizing load casesU6-19Hot loadU6-18Operating load casesU6-19Recommended load casesU6-19Restrained weightU6-18Spring hanger designU6-18

Hanger sizingU6-19, U8-18Hanger sizing algorithmA8-26, T6-10Hanger tableT3-27, T3-82Hanger/can available spaceT3-30HangersA4-1, T3-27, T3-100, U5-20Hangers/nozzlesT2-16HardcopyU9-16Hardware requirementsU2-3HarmonicT5-4, U8-11, U8-34

AnalysisT6-27EquationT5-49LoadT5-85LoadsA7-2, T5-86MethodT5-4ProfileT5-4

Harmonic analysisT5-49, T5-51, T5-85, U8-2,U8-5

Harmonic analysis inputHarmonic displacementsU8-12Harmonic forcesU8-11Harmonic load definitionU8-11

Excitation frequencyU8-11Phasing of harmonic loads

DampingU8-13FrequencyU8-13Harmonic control parametersU8-13Harmonic forceU8-13Pressure waveU8-12Reciprocating pumpsU8-12Rotating equipmentU8-12

Harmonic analysis of this systemA7-4Harmonic control parametersU8-13Harmonic displacementsT5-14, U8-12Harmonic forceU8-11, U8-13Harmonic forces and displacementsT5-11Harmonic load vectorT5-49Harmonic loadsU8-11Harmonic resultsU8-34, U9-2Harmonic stressU8-34Header stress intensificationT3-20Heat exchangersU12-66HEI standard for closed feedwater heatersU12-71Help menuU4-11Help screenT3-4Help screens and unitsT3-3HighlightT3-101Highlight commandU5-36

HighlightsT2-17HingedT3-77Hinged jointA5-19Hinges, plasticA3-52Hoop

DirectionT3-57Elastic modulusT2-21ModulusT3-9StressT3-61, T6-74, T6-78Stress in the pipeT3-62Stress valueT2-10

Hoops‘U5-38Horizontal dummy leg on bendsA3-40Horizontal thermal bowing toleranceT2-15Horizontal threshold valueT2-15Hot

Allowable stressT3-57, T6-96Hanger loadsT3-36LoadT3-28, T6-10, U6-18Load designT3-29ModulusT3-62SustainedT6-20

Html help facilityU2-16Huber-von mises-hencky criterionT6- 70Hydrodynamic loading of piping systemsT6-28Hydrodynamic loadsT6-31Hydrostatic pressureT6-114Hydrostatic strengthT6-79, T6-114

IID manifold pipingT5-95ID of relief valve orificeT5-89ID of relief valve pipingT5-89ID of vent stack pipingT5-89ID relief exit pipingT5-95ID relief orifice or rupture disk openingT5-95ID supply headerT5-95Idealized

Allowable stress envelopeT3-58Envelope of combinationsT6-78Stress envelopeT6-88

Identical resultsT2-2IEEE 344-1975T5-71I-factorsT6-80IGE/TD/12U5-4, U5-16IGE/tD/12 codeT3-7, T3-13, T3-64Ignore spring hanger stiffnessT2-6Implementation of macro-level analysis for

piping systemsT6-74Importance factorT6-23, T6-26Imposed stressesT6-67ImpulseT5-6, U8-26Impulse analysisU8-2Impulse profileT5-6

Page 32: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-29

In- and out-of-plane fixity coefficients ky andkzU12-46

IncT4-16, T4-19, T4-24, T4-27, T4-38, T4-40Include

Missing mass componentsT5-76Piping input filesT3-89Pseudostatic (anchor movement)

componentsT5-76Include missing mass components T5-76Include pseudostatic (anchor movement)

components T5-76Include structural filesU5-34Included forceT5-65Included massT5-63Included mass dataU9-11Including structural modelsT3-91Inclusion of missing mass correction during

spectral analysis resultsT6-46IncmatidT4-17, T4-19Incore numerical checkT2-5Incore solutionU6-11IncrementT5-8, T5-12, T5-44IncsecidT4-17, T4-19InctoT4-17, T4-19, T4-24, T4-27, T4-38, T4-41Independent shockT5-71Independent support motionA7-58, T5-55,

T5-56, T5-76, U8-17Independent support motion load casesT5-79Index numbers, structural steel inputU10-5Inertia coefficientT6-39In-plane bending momentT6-75, U12- 47In-plane large bending momentU12-47In-plane small bending momentU12- 47In-plane stress intensificationT6-102In-plane stress intensification factorT3-21Input

Data cellsT3-3, T3-55DynamicT9-12EchoT3-97FieldsT1-2GraphicsT3-98SoilT9-12StaticT9-12StructuralT9-12

Input items optionally effecting sifcalculationsT3-17

Input listingU9-12Input menuU4-5Input overview based on analysis categoryU8-9Input plottingT3-98Input presentation - plot, list, statT4- 42Input reviewA8-20Inputting constant effort supportsA4-6InsertT4-3

Insert weldoletsT3-18InstallationU2-2, U2-4Installation directoryT2-2Installation menu optionsU2-4Installation processU2-4Installed load caseT6-11, U6-17Installed weightT6-11Insul thkT3-7InsulationT3-7Insulation densityT3-10, U5-8InterfacesT1-2, T8-2Interfaces addedT10-12Intergraph

DataT8-42InterfaceT8-26

Intergraph dataafter bend modificationsT8-46after element sortT8- 39after tee/cross modifications T8-40after valve modificationsT8-41

Intergraph interfaceT8-23Intermodal correlation coefficientT5- 74Internet Explorer 4U2-16Interpolation parametersT2-5Intersection modelT3-16Intersection stress intensification factorsU12-3IntersectionsT3-18

JJacketed PipeA6-6Jacketed piping

SystemsA7-72Jacobi sweep toleranceT5-82JacobusT8-63JIS nominal pipe odT3-6JIS pipe scheduleT3-7Joint endtypesT3-74

KKauxT3-89Kaux menuU5-31Kaux menu items

Include structural input filesU5-34Review sifsU5-31Special execution parametersU5-31

Kaux-include structural filesU10-6Keulegan-carpenter numberT6-33Kinematic viscosityT6-39Korean 1990 databaseT4-62

LLabelsT2-17Laminate

PropertiesT6-72

Page 33: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-30

TypeT2-20, T3-11, T3-88, T6-84, T6- 85Large

LoadsA7-72Large job includesT3-90Large rotation rods

(basic model)A3- 42(chain supports)A3-44(constant effort hangers)A3-46(spring hangers)A3-45(struts)A3-47

LastT4-14, T4-17, T4-19, T4-24, T4-27, T4-38,T4-41

Lateralbearing lengthU11-4control stopsA5-18deflectionA5-4forceT6-22

Leak pressure ratioU12-23Length of manifold pipingT5-96Length of relief exit pipingT5-96Length of the vent stackT5-89Liberal stress allowableT3-86License types

Full runU1-9LeaseU1-9Limited runU1-9

Lift coefficientT6-39Lift forceT6-31Lift-offA4-15Limit stopsA3-22Line drawingU5-36Line pressureT5-89Line temperatureT5-89Linear multi-degree-of-freedom systemT5-76LinersT3-79LIQT interfaceT8-81Liquid vent systemT5-94LISPT8-4ListT4-43List optionT3-92List utilityT3-90List/edit facilityT3-92ListingT9-13Load

DurationT5-67, T5-75Forcing frequencyT5-68ProfilesT5-59RangeT3-28VectorT6-47

Load caseT5-33, U7-2, U7-3, U7-4, U7- 11,U7-13, U7-14, U7-17, U7-18, U8-11,U8-15, U8-26, U8-35, U9-3, U9-5,U9-8, U9-9, U9-10, U9-11, U9-15,U10-6, U10-27, U12-12

Load case listU6-7Load casesU3-2, U3-13, U5-5, U5-7, U5-20,

U5-23, U6-6, U6-7, U6- 11, U6-12,U6-13, U6-17, U6-18

Basic load casesU3-11Combination load casesU3-11, U6-16Example of load casesU6-17Expansion load caseU6-18Occasional load casesU6-18Operating load casesU6-17Recommended load casesU3-10Stress categoryU6-15Stress typesU6-16Sustained load caseU6-18Types of load casesU3-11Types of loadsU6-15

Load cyclesU6-17Load duration (time history or dsrss method)

(sec.)T5-67Loading conditionsU5-7LoadsT4-36Local

element forcesU7-8flexibilitiesT6-13forcesU9-6member dataU12-44stressesT6-41

Location factorT6-101Log fileT8-23Longitudinal

Design stressT6-86StressT2-10, T6-74

Longitudinal weld joint efficiencyT3- 55, T3-58,T3-59

Loop closure toleranceT2-14, T3-85Lumped massesU8-9

MMacro-level analysisT6-72Main menuU4-2

AnalysisMenu itemsU4-6

FileU3-2Default data directoryU4-3Input file typesU4-4New commandU4-3Open commandU4-3Select an existing job fileU4- 4

InputData entryU3-6Input menu itemsU4-5

Main show menuU7-14Make units fileT2-29Manifold pipe end flow conditionsT5- 97

Page 34: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-31

Manifold pipingT5-95Marine growthT6-36MarklT6-108MassT5-43

FlowrateT5-92, T5-96MatrixT5-49Normalized mode shapeT5-77

Mass and stiffness modelU8-5Mass modelU8-9, U9-12Mass participation

factorsU8-35, U9-9reportA7-14, A7-30

MaterialAddT2-34Coefficient of thermal expansionT4-6DatabaseT2-34, T9-2DeleteT2-34DensityT4-6EditT2-34Elastic propertiesU5-8Fatigue curvesU5-15, T3-64FilesT2-20ID numberT4-5Identification - MATIDT4-5Name T3-9, U5-7Number U5-7PropertiesT3-9Yield strengthU12-42, U12-46

MaterialsT3-9, T3-78MatidT4-5, T4-17, T4-19Matrix of modal massT5-77Max. no. of Eigenvalues calculatedT5-62Maximum

Shear theoryT2-8Maximum allowed bend angleT2-14Maximum allowed travel limitT3-32, T3-82Maximum desired unity checkU12-43Maximum table frequencyT5-23Mechanical resonancesT5-85Member end nodeU12-44Member start nodeU12-44Member typeU12-44Member weight loadT4-38Membrane stressU12-14Memory allocatedT2-26Menu

AccountingT7-3ItemsT1-2

Menu commandsU5-22Miche limitT6-30Micro

Level analysisT6-66ScaleT6-67

Mill toleranceT3-7

Mini-level analysisT6-71Minimum

Wall mill toleranceT2-6Yield strengthT3-60Yield stressT3-61

Minimum allowed bend angleT2-14Minimum angle to adjacent bendT2-14Minimum desired unity checkU12-43Minimum temperature curve (a-d)T2- 37Minimum wall mill tolerance (%)T2-6MiscellaneousT2-25, T10-9Miscellaneous changesT10-12Miscellaneous data group #1T8-73Miscellaneous ModelsA6-1Miscellaneous modificationsT10-8Missing

Force correctionT5-78MassT5-63, T6-46Mass combination methodT5-79Mass correctionT5-76, T5-78, U9-11Mass data reportT6-48Mass ZPAT2-3

Miter pointsT3-12Mitered bend, evenly spacedA2-7Mitered bend, widely spacedA2-10Mitered bendsA2-7MitersT3-12Miters, closely spacedA2-7ModalU8-9

Combination methodT5-72CombinationsT5-72ComponentsT5-71ExtractionT5-52, T5-57MatrixT6-46

Modal analysisU8-2Modal analysis input

Control parametersCutoff frequencyU8-10Modes of vibrationU8-10

Lumped massesU8-9Modes of vibrationU8-9Natural frequenciesU8-9System responseU8-9

Mass modelU8-9Modes of vibrationU8-9Natural frequenciesU8-9System responseU8-9

Modal combination method (group/ 10%/dsrss/abs/srss)T5-72

Modal extractionT5-57Mode identification lineU9-5Mode shapeT5-57, T5-60, T5-85, U8-2, U8-33Model - expansion joint menuT3-71Model menuU5-27

Page 35: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-32

Model menu itemsExpansion jointsU5-28Hanger design control dataU5-30TitleU5-29ValveU5-28

Model modifications for dynamic analysisU8-3Control parameterU8-5DynamicsU8-5

Conversion from static inputU8-5Mass and stiffness modelU8- 5

Friction effectsU8-4Friction restraintsU8-4Friction stiffnessU8-4Nonlinear restraints in dynamicsU8-3

Dynamic responses, nonlineareffectsU8-3

Nonlinear supportsU8-3Static load case for nonlinear

restraintU8-3Specifying loadsU8-5

Code complianceU8-5Driving frequenciesU8-5Dynamic load specificationU8-5Force set specificationU8-5Harmonic analysisU8-5Load casesU8-5Natural frequenciesU8-5Occasional stressesU8-5Point loadsU8-5Shock resultsU8-5Static resultsU8-5

Model rotation, panning, and zoomingT3-98Modeling

friction effectsT6-16reducersA6-2spring cans w/ frictionA4-24techniquesT1-2

Models, complexA5-4Models, simpleA5-4ModesU8-33Modes mass normalizedU9-10Modes of vibrationT5-54, U8-9, U8-10, U8-33Modes unity normalizedU9-10Modified theoriesT6-36Modifying mass and stiffness modelU8-13,

U8-19, U8-26, U8-28, U8-31Modifying mass lumpingT5-43Modulus of elasticityT3-9, T6-68, T6-71Modulus ratioT3-62MomentsT3-49, T3-75Morrison’s equationT6-31MotionU7-18Movement capabilityT3-76MuT3-26

Multi-degree-of-freedom systemT5-68Multiple can designA4-8Multiple load case designT3-33Multiple load case design optionsT3- 83

NN1T4-13, T4-16, T4-18, T4-24, T4-26, T4-37,

T4-40NameT4-7, T5-17Name of the converted fileT2-33Name of the input file to convertT2-32Name of the units file to useT2-32Natural frequenciesU8-5, U8-9, U8-33, U9-10Natural frequencyT5-57, T5-77Navy 505T6-104Near/far point methodA3-36Nema example pt69mA7-95Nema SM23

Steam turbinesCumulative equipment calculations,

NEMA SM23U12-50Nozzel calculations, NEMA

SM23U12-50Nema turbine exampleU12-51Neutral fileT8-79Neutral file interfaceT8-63New units file nameT2-31NfillT4-12NgenT4-13No rft/wlt in reduced fitting sifsT2-12No. hangers at locationT3-32No. of hanger-design operating load casesT3-81No. of iterations per shift (0-pgm computed)

T5-83No. to converge before shift allowed (0-not

used)T5-83Nodal coordinate dataT8-79, T8-80Nodal degree of freedomA3-3Nodal displacementsT6-16NodeT2-14, T3-12, T3-24, T4-11, T5-38, T5-45

NumberT3-3, T3-12, T3-19, T3-24Node fieldsA2-2Node numbersT3-101, U5-3NodeincT4-14NodesT2-16, T3-95Nominal pipe schedulesT3-6Nominal pipe sizeU5-4Non-conservative cutoffT5-66Non-extractedT5-78Nonlinear

Code complianceT6-18Piping code complianceT6-18RestraintT6-18

Nonlinear code complianceT6-18

Page 36: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-33

Nonlinear effectsU8-3Nonlinear restraint statusU8-3Nonlinear restraintsU6-13, U9-12Nonlinear supportsU8-3Non-zero displacementsA3-3Norwegian (TBK 5-6) (1990, rev. 1)T6-112Norwegian codeT6-110Note dialogU6-4Novell file server ESL installationU2- 20Novell workstation ESL installationU2-20Nozzle

Auxiliary data fieldT3-23, T3-38, T3- 43DataU12-12DiameterT3-41, T3-44, T3-46FlexibilityU12-17Flexibility - WRC 297T3-38FlexibilitiesT3-23Load summation reportA7-100LoadsU12-13Node numberT3-40, T3-43, T3- 46Results for pt69mA7-99ScreenU12-16SpreadsheetA3-12Vessel analysisT6-44Wall thicknessT3-41, T3-44

NozzlesT3-100NRC

Benchmark problemsA7-58Spectrum exampleA7-58

NRC example NUREG9A7-58Nuclear Regulatory Guide 1.92T5-72Number formatsT3-4Number of points in the tableT5-23Number to converge before shift allowedT5-83

OOccasional

AllowableT6-95, T6-101, T6-102Dynamic stressesU8-18Load cases U6-18Load factorT2-7, T2-8, T6-96StressU8-2, U8-5, U8-18

Ocean currentsT6-33Ocean wave particularsT6-29Ocean wavesT6-28ODBC driversU2-15Off-diagonal coefficientsT2-5Offset element methodA3-36Offset gimbalA5-26OffsetsU5-21OffsettingT6-4Old spring redesignA4-9Omega loopA7-66On curvature methodA3-36

On-diagonal coefficientT2-5Online documentationU2-19Operating

AllowableT6-101AnalysisT6-18CaseT6-10Case vertical displacementT6-10

loadT3-33Load case T6-17, T6-88Load fieldT3-33LoadsT3-29PressureT3-63TemperatureT3-61, T3-62Thermal casesT3-33

Operating conditionsTemperatures and pressuresU5-4

Operating load, user-specifiedA4-14Optimal cutoffT5-66OrdinateT5-22OrientT4-24Orifice flow conditionsT5-97OrthogonalT3-26Orthotropic material modelT6-83Out-of-plane bending momentU12-47Out-of-plane large bending momentU12-47Out-of-plane small bending momentU12-47Outplane bending momentT6-75Outplane stress intensificationT6-102OutputT9-13

MenuU4-7PlottingU7-13ProcessorT5-59Reports by load caseT2-25Table of contentsT2-25

Output from the liquid relief load synthesizerT5-96

Ovalization, bendsU12-6Overburden compaction multiplierU11-11OverviewA1-2, T1-2, T4-2, U2-2Overview of CAESAR II interfacesT8-2Overview of structural capability in CAESAR

IIU10-2Overview of the dynamic analysis input

processorU8-6

PPad thkT3-17PanningU5-35Partition of y matrixT6-47PDMST8-63Peak pressureT3-63Peak stress indexU12-7Percent of iterations per shift before

orthogonalizationT5-84

Page 37: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-34

Performing the analysisU8-32Performing the static analysisA8-26PeriodT5-57PhaseT5-12, T5-14Phase angleT5-12, T5-14, U8-2, U8-12, U8-34PhasingU8-12Pipe

DensityT3-9, T3-10Element exposed areaT6-25Element spreadsheetT3-5, T3-49, T3- 50,

T3-51, T3-52, T3-54, T6-8Nominal diameterA2-2Outside diameterT3-46Section dataT3-6Section propertiesU5-4SizeT2-22SpreadsheetT3-71, T3-79Stress analysisT6-66

Pipe and hanger supportA4-10Pipe stress analysis of FRP pipingT6-66Pipenet interfaceT8-86, T8-87PipesT2-16Piping

CodesT3-55DimensionsU10-13Element dataT6-39Input plot utilityT4-42JobU10-6MaterialsT3-9, U5-7Screen referenceT1-2Size specificationT2-22SpreadsheetT3-54Spreadsheet dataT3-2System modelT5-51

Piping codes for earthquakesU8-18Piping inputU3-5

Alpha toleranceU5-5Ambient temperatureU5-5Construction elementU5-5DensitiesU5-8Expansion jointsU5-5GenerationU3-5Input spreadsheetU5-2Insulation densityU5-8Material nameU5-7Material numberU5-7Nominal pipe sizeU5-4Rigid elementsU5-5Sif & teesU5-6Specific gravityU5-8Stress intensification factorsU5-6Thermal strainsU5-5

Plant spaceT8-63Plastic hingesA3-52

Plastic pipeT3-9PlateT3-76PlotT4-42, U5-35Plot colorsT2-16Plot functions

Highlight commandU5-36Line drawingU5-36Panning, zooming, and rotatingU5- 35Range of nodes to plotU5-36Render and wire frame plotsU5-36Volume plotU5-36

Plot screenT1-2Plotting

Static output reviewU3-13TutorialU3-8

Point loads T4-36, U8-5PoisT4-5Poisson effectT6-69Poisson’s ratioT2-21, T2-37, T3-9, T3-61,

T3- 62, T4-5, T6-71, T6-83, T6-101PolarT4-8Polar moment of inertiaT4-8, T4-46Practical applicationsT6-81Predefined

Nuclear Regulatory Guide 1.60T5- 55Uniform building codeT5-55

Predefined displacementsA3-6Predefined el centroT5-55Predefined hanger dataT3-36Preparing the drawingA8-3PressureT3-9

Hoop stressT6-101PeaksT5-86PulsesA7-21, T5-85, T5-86StiffeningT2-3, T6-96Stress multiplierT3-18ThrustT6-9WaveA7-28

Pressure ratingT3-76Pressure stiffeningU12-6Pressure thrustA5-2, U5-10Pressure vs. elevation tableU6-8Pressure waveU8-12Pressure-balanced tees and elbowsA5-32PressuresT3-9Pricing factorsT7-3Primary membrane stressT6-42Primary stress indexT3-18Print alphas and pipe propertiesT3-85Print forces on rigids and expansion jointsT3-84Printer/listing filesT9-8Printing an input listingT3-96Problem solutionA7-31Procedure to perform elastic analyses of

nozzlesT6-43

Page 38: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-35

Proctor numberU11-11Product demosU2-16Product informationU2-19Program improvementsU1-10Program supportU1-5

Technical support phone numbersU1-5TrainingU1-5User assistance A1-2, T1-2

PRO-ISOexample transferT8-55interfaceT8-53interface (standard)T8-52

PRO-ISO/CAESAR II data transferT8-58Proof stressT3-56, T3-60Providing wind dataU6-8Pseudostatic

Combination methodT5-79DisplacementT5-56ResponsesT5-79

Pseudo-static hydrodynamic loadingT6-31Publication datesT3-55PulsationT5-4Pulsation loadsT5-85Pulse table generatorT5-23Pulse table/DLF spectrum generation T5-57,

U8-21, U8-28PvarT3-63

QQuality assuranceT10-11Quick startU3-2

RRadiusT3-11RandomT5-3Random profileT5-3RangeT3-101, T5-22

CommandT3-102OptionT3-102

Range commandU5-36Ratio of gas-specific heats (k) gas constant (r)

(ft.lbf./lbm./ deg.r)T5-90Ratio shear mod

EmodT2-21Rayleigh dampingT5-68RCC-M Subsection C and DT6-110Reciprocating pumpsU8-12Recommended load casesU6-17Recommended load cases for hanger

selectionU6-18Recommended proceduresU11-12Reduced intersectionT2-11, T6-90ReducersA6-2Re-enabling the autorun featureU2-22

ReferencesT6-40, T6-49, T6-88Refractory lined pipeT3-7Reinforcing padT3-17, T3-41Relief

Exit pipingT5-95Valve thrust load analysisT5-88ValvesA7-10, T5-6, T5-95

Relief loadAnalysisT5-88

Relief load synthesis T5-88, U8-20for gases greater than 15 psigT5-88for liquidsT5-94

Relief load synthesizerU8-28Relief loads spectrum U8-20

Force sets for relief loadsEarthquakesU8-24Relief valvesU8-24Skewed loadU8-25Water hammerU8-24

Relief load synthesisDynamic load factorU8-20Force spectrum methodologyU8-20Relief valveU8-20Thrust loadsU8-20

Spectrum definitionsDLF spectrum generatorU8- 23Spectrum dataU8-23

Spectrum load casesImpulseU8-26Time historyU8-26

Relief valveU8-2, U8-20, U8-24, U8-28Relief valve example problem setupA7-10Relief valve loading - output discussionA7-14Relief valve or rupture diskT5-95Relief valve thrust load analysisT5-88Remaining strength of corroded

pipelines,B31gU12-27Remove passwordT2-28RenderU5-36ReplaceT4-3Report optionsU7-6Report typesU9-5Reset plotT3-99Resetting element strong axis - angle, orient

T4-23Re-setting loads on existing spring hangersT3-37Residual responseT6-48Resize membersU12-42Response spectra profilesT5-17Response spectrumT5-53Response spectrum / time history profile data

point inputT5-22Response spectrum methodU8-2Response spectrum tableU8-14

Page 39: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-36

Response vs. frequency spectraU8-2Restrained weightT3-36, T6-10, U6-18Restrained weight runA4-13Restraint

Auxiliary dataU10-20Auxiliary fieldT3-24LoadsT5-85ReportA7-17, A8-37SettlementA3-28SummaryU7-7TypeT3-24

Restraint between two pipesA3-32Restraint between vessel and pipe modelsA3-33Restraint, single-dimensionalA3-26Restraint/force/stress reportsA7-30RestraintsA3-1, T3-23, T3-100, U5-11, U7-6,

U9-5Restraints on a bend at 30 and 60 degreesA3-35Restraints on a bend at 45 degreesA3-34Restraints submenuU7-15Restraints, rotational directionalA3-25Restraints, single-directionalA3-19Re-use last eigensolutionT5-71Review existing units fileT2-29Reviewing the static resultsA8-29Reynolds numberT6-33RigidT5-78

Body motionA7-80Element applicationT6-2ElementsT3-14, T3-84, U5-5Fluid weightT6-2Insulation weightT6-2Material weightT6-2ModesT5-63RodT3-32Support displacement criteriaT3-31, T3-82WeightU5-10Y restraintsT3-36

Rigids/bendsT2-16Rod incrementT2-4Rod toleranceT2-4RotateT3-94RotatingU5-35Rotating equipmentU8-2, U8-12Rotating equipment report updatesT10-8Rotation rodT3-25Rotation rods, largeA3-42Rotational directional restraints with gapsA3-25Rotational optionT3-85RotationsT3-99Run control data spreadsheetT3-33Rupture diskT5-95Rupture disk openingT5-95Rx (cosx, cosy, cosz) or rx (vecx, vecy, vecz)

T3-25

Rx, ry, or rzT3-25

SSample inputU10-8ScT3-55SchneiderT2-12ScratchT9-12ScreensU5-9Se isometric viewT3-100Sea spectrumT6-28Seam-weldedT3-7, T3-13Section IDT4-7, T4-17, T4-19Section identification T4-7Section modulus calculationsT3-13Segment informationT8-14SegmentsA7-74, A7-75Seismic

AnalysisU8-2Anchor movementsT5-56LoadsT5-53Spectrum analysisT5-53ZoneT6-24Zone coefficientT6-23

Selection of phase anglesU8-34Serial numberU2-5Set/change passwordT2-28Setting

Defaults - DEFAULTT4-10Nodes in spaceT4-10, T4-11

Setting up the spring load casesT6-11Setup optionT3-94Sh fieldsT3-57ShapeT4-41Shape factor, windU6-8Shear modulus of elasticityT2-38, T3- 9, T3-88,

T4-6Shft option disabledT3-98, T3-99Shft option enabledT3-99Shock

definitionU8-14displacementT5-59load caseT5-56resultsU8-5spectraA7-58, U8-2

Short range springsT3-32Sidesway, AISCU12-42SIFT2-7, T3-10, T6-90

(IN)T3-18(OUT)T3-18CurvesT6-104FactorT6-100

SIFs & teesT3-16, U5-6SIFs and stressesT2-7Simple “bottomed-out” springA4-23

Page 40: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-37

Simple bellowsA5-2Simple bellows with pressure thrustA5-2Simple hanger designA4-3Simplified ASME Sect. VIII Div. 2 elastic nozzle

analysisT6-45Single

Can designA4-4Directional restraintT3-32Element insertT3-65Gimbal expansion jointT3-78Hinged expansion jointT3-77Unrestrained expansion jointT3-77

Single and double flanged bends or stiffenedbendsA2-4

Single-Directional Restraint and GuideA3-27Single-Directional Restraint with Predefined

DisplacementA3-26Single-directional restraintsA3-19Singular stiffness matrixA7-80Sinusoidal formsT5-49Skewed double-acting restraintA3-29Skewed loadU8-25Skewed Single-Directional RestraintA3-31Slip jointA5-24SliponT3-76Slotted hinge jointA5-21, A5-22Slotted hinge joint (comprehensive)A5-22Slotted hinge joint (simple)A5-21Slug flowT5-6

Specifying the loadForce sets, slug flowU8-28Force-time profileU8-28Load cases, slug flowU8-28Relief load synthesizerU8-28Relief valveU8-28Water hammerU8-28

Slug flow analysisU8-2SnubbersU8-10Snubbers, staticA3-51Software revision proceduresU1-6Soil

factorT6-22model numbersU11-9propertiesU11-2stiffnessesU11-2supportsU11-9

Sorted stressesU7-10South African 1992 databaseT4-60Spatial

Combination methodT5-71, T5-72ComponentsT5-71

Spatial or modal combination firstT5-71Special element informationU5-5

Special execution parametersT3-50, T3-84, T6-2,U5-31

Specific gravityT3-10, U5-8Specifying hydrodynamic parametersU6-10Specifying loads, dynamicsU8-5Specifying the loadsU8-9, U8-11, U8- 14,

U8-20, U8-28, U8-29SpectrumT2-3, U8-35Spectrum

analysisT5-53, T5-68, U8-2dataU8-14, U8-23definitionsU8-23, U8-28load casesU8-16, U8-25, U8- 28, U9-3nameU8-14resultsU9-3time history profileT5-25

Spectrum/time history force setsT5-38Speed of soundA7-21Spreadsheet overviewU5-2Spring

RateT6-11TablesT3-27

Spring can modelsA4-15Spring can models with “bottom-out” and “lift-

off” capabilityA4-15Spring cans with frictionA4-24Spring design requirementsT6-10Spring forcesT3-76Spring hanger designU6-18Spring hanger model with rodsA4-19Spring hanger model with rods, “bottom-out,”

and “lift- off”A4-19Spring rate and cold loadT3-37Spring, bottomed-outA4-23Square root of the sum of the squares (srss)

T5-72, T5-75SrssU8-18Standard airy wave theoryT6-32Standard structural element connections - beams,

braces, columnsT4-28Start nodeT5-12, T5-15, T5-26, T5-43Start runU6-2Starting CAESAR IIU3-2Starting frequencyT5-8StatT4-45Static

Earthquake loadsT6-22LoadT6-48Load caseT5-61Load case builderT6-25Output processorT5-85Seismic loadsT6-22SuperpositionT6-19Thermal criteriaT5-85

Page 41: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-38

Static analysisAnalyze commandU3-12

Static analysis fatigue exampleT6-52Static analysis output listingA8-34Static load case for nonlinear restraint status

T5-61Static load case numberU8-18Static load cases

Building static load casesU6-7Limitations of the load case editorU6-6Recommended load casesU6-6Stress typesU6-7

Static output plotU10-22Static output processor

132 column reportsU7-5Animation of static solutionU7-4, U7-5Commands in static outputU7-4Initiating the static output processorU7-2Output options in plotted resultsU7- 13Plotting staticsU7-5Report optionsU7-2Report titlesU7-2Show commandU7-14Table of contentsU7-12View-reportsU7-4

Static output reviewU3-13Plotting static outputU3-13

Static resultsU8-5Static seismic loadsT6-22Static snubbersA3-51Static solution methodologyU6-11

ArchiveU6-13Incore solution

BandwidthU6-12Nonlinear restraintsU6-13

Static analysisStiffness matrixU6-11

Static/dynamic combinationsU8-18, U8-26,U8-28, U8-31, U9-3

StifT3-26StiffnessT3-26Stiffness characteristicsA4-15Stiffness factor for frictionT5-62Stiffness matrixT5-49, U6-11Stokes 5th order wave theoryT6-29, T6-32Stokes wave theory implementationT6-32StoomwezenT6-110Stop nodeT5-12, T5-15, T5-44Straight pipeT3-18Strain continuityT6-68Strain equilibriumT6-68Stream functionT6-33Stream function wave theoryT6-29Stream function wave theory implementation

T6-33

StressT2-17CalculationT3-61, T6-96CategoryU6-15Cconcentration factorU12-7Concentrations and intensificationsU12-7CyclesT3-58Intensification factor scratchpadT10-9Intensification factorsT3-12, T3-19, T3-20,

T3-21, T6-85, U5-6, U9-7Intensification factors/teesU5- 18IntensityT6-42Reduction factors cmy and cmzU12-41Reduction factors, AISCU12-41ReportA7-17, U9-7Stiffening due to pressureT3-87SubmenuU7-17TypesU3-11, U6-6, U6-7, U6-16, U6-17,

U8-17Stress increase factor

AISCU12-41StressesT6-68, U7-9, U9-7Stresses in the fiber-matrix interfaceT6-70Stress-strain relationshipsT6-71StrongT4-8Strong axis moment of inertiaT4-8, T4-46Structural

Classification optionsT6-26codeU12-41code, AISCU12-41

DatabaseT2-22, T4-46Element keywordsT4-2ElementsT4-40PreprocessorA7-47SteelA7-39Steel checks - AISCU12-40Steel modelerT1-2, T4-42Steel plotT4-42

Structural steel exampleU10-8, U10- 12, U10-24Structural steel inputU10-2

AISC database, structural steel inputU10-5Connecting pipe to structureU10-19

Connecting nodesU10-19Displaced shapeU10-21

Editing structural steel inputU10-4End connections,structural steel inputU10-6Format of structural steel inputU10- 3Include in piping jobU10-6

Include a structural modelU10-6Kaux-include structural filesU10-6

Index numbers, structural steel inputU10-5Initiate structural steel input

Structural element preprocessorU10-2Initiating structural steel inputU10-3

Help functionsU10-3

Page 42: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-39

Keywords in structural steel inputU10-4Running structural steel inputU10-6Static output plotU10-22

Range commandU10-23StructureT2-16Structure dimensionsU10-14Structure nodesU10-14Sturm sequenceT5-80Sturm sequence checkU8-33Subsonic velocity gasT5-94Subsonic vent exitT5-94Subspace sizeT5-82Supply headerT5-95Supply header pipe wall thicknessT5-96Supply overpressureT5-95SupportA1-2Sustained

AllowableT6-95, T6-101, T6-102AnalysisT6-18StressT3-61, T3-62, T6-19, T6-96Stress limitT3-60

Sustained load casesU 3-10, U6-18Sustained stressesA8-27, U8-2, U8-18Sustained stresses and non linear restraintsT6-19Swedish codeT6-106Swedish method 1 and 2T6-108SyT3-60Sy data fieldT3-56System

DampingT5-68, T5-76Directory nameT2-23Mass matrixT5-76OverviewA8-2RedesignA9-24ResponseU8-9, U9-11RequirementsU2-3Stiffness matrixT5-76

System and hardware requirementsU2-3

TTangent intersection pointA7-66, T3- 12Tank node numberT3-44Tapered transitionsT3-18Task barU2-8Technical discussion of liqt int erfaceT8-81Technical discussion of pipenet interfaceT8-87Technical notes on CAESAR II hydrodynamic

loadingT6-33Technical reference manualU1-4Technical supportA1-2, U1-5TeeT6-90Tees, pressure-balancedA5-32TemperatureT2-38, T3-8

De-rating factorT6-101

Differential multiplierT6-86TemperaturesT3-8Ten percent methodT5-73Theoretical cold loadT3-37, T6-11Thermal

BowingT2-15Expansion coefficientT2-4, T2-21, T3-8,

T3-61, T3-62, T3-88Expansion/pipe weight reportT6-2Load caseU6-18ShakedownT6-4StrainsU5-5Support movementA4-11

Thermal bowing delta temperatureT3-86Thermodynamic entropyT5-94Thermosetting plastic materialT6-66Thicknesses, diameter, length, material

numberT3-101ThrustT3-15, T5-88

at the end of the exit pipingT5- 96at the end of the manifold pipingT5-97at the vent pipe exitT5-93at valve pipe/vent pipe interfaceT5-92loadsU8-20

Tie barA5-4, A5-15Tie rod model, comprehensiveA5-18TiedT3-77Tied bellows (simple vs. complex model)A5-4Tied bellows expansion jointA5-6, A5-8Tied bellows expansion joint (complex

model)A5-8Tied bellows expansion joint (simple model)

A5-6Tied single expansion jointT3-77Tied universal expansion jointT3-78TimeT5-24, T5-58

History analysisT5-6, T5-57, T5-59, T5-68,U8-3

History animationT2-26History load casesT8-82, T8-87, U8-16,

U8-30, U9-3StepT5-67

Time historyT5-57, U8-26, U8-29, U8- 35Force-time profilesU8-29Load profilesT5-17Profile definitionsU8-29ResultsU9-3VibrationU8-29

Time vs. forceU8-29Time-dependent

accelerationT5-77applied forceT5-77displacementT5-77velocityT5-77

Page 43: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-40

TitleU5-29Title pageT3-79TOT4-13, T4-16, T4-18, T4-24, T4-27, T4-37,

T4-40ToT3-3To node numberT3-3Toolbar buttonsT1-2Tools

AccountingT7-3Material databaseT2-34Multiple job analysisT7-8

Tools menuU4-8Topographic factor parametersT6-26TorsionT6-92Torsional

MomentT6-75Spring ratesT3-75StiffnessT6-8StressesT6-90

TrainingU1-5Transient

LoadT5-53Load casesT5-59PressureT5-93

Transient pressure rise on valve closingT5-93,T5-97

Transient pressure rise on valve openingT5-93,T5-97

TranslationalOptionT3-85RestraintT3-26StiffnessT3-74

TranslationsT3-99Transverse stiffnessT6-8TrunnionU12-6, U12-7T-univT3-78Turbine tripA7-20TutorialA8-1, A9-1

Center of gravity report, tutorialU3-10Plotting, tutorialU3-8Sample model input, tutorialU3-6

TypeT3-11, T3-24Type fieldT3-11

UUbcT5-18Uk 1993 databaseT4-63UKOOA codeT3-10, T6-115UKOOA specification and recommended

practiceT6-66, T6-74Ultimate loadU11-9Ultimate tensile strengthT3-60Umbrella fittingT5-90Unbalanced pressure forceT5-5, T5-86

Underground pipe/buried pipeBilinear supportsU11-9

Bilinear springsU11-9Soil supportsU11-9Ultimate loadU11-9Yield displacementU11-9Yield stiffnessU11-9

Convert input commandU11-8Element lengthU11-4

Buried pipe displacementsU11-4Lateral bearing lengthU11-4

MeshingLateral bearing meshesU11-7

Overburden compaction multiplierU11-11BackfillU11-11Backfill efficiencyU11-11Proctor numberU11-11

Soil model numbersU11-9Spreadsheet

Buried element descriptionsU11-3Underground pipe modelerU11-2

Buried pipe restraintsU11-3Soil propertiesU11-2Soil stiffnessesU11-2

ZonesU11-5Lateral bearing regionsU11-5

Underlying theoryT6-66Uniform

Building codeT5-18, T5-69LoadT4-38Loads-UNIFT4-37Support excitationT5-55

Uniform load caseU6-17Uniform load in g’sT3-87Uniform loadsT3-50, U5-13Uniform loads - unifT4-37Units

Conversion DataT8-78File nameT2-23File operationsT2-29Specification - UNITT4-4

Units conversion dataT8-77Units file nameT2-23Units file operationsT2-29Units specification - unitT4-4Universal expansion jointsA5-10Universal joint (comprehensive tie rod

model)A5-16Universal joint with lateral control stopsA5-18UnskewT3-94Unsupported axial lengthU12-46Unsupported length (in-plane bending)U12-46Unsupported length (out-of-plane bending)

U12-46

Page 44: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000Q-41

UntiedT3-77Untied universal expansion jointT3-78Update historyT1-2Updates and license typesU1-9Usage factorU9-8Use FRP flexibilitiesT2-19Use FRP sifT2-19Use out-of-core eigensolver (y/n)T5- 84Use pd/4tT2-10Use pressure stiffeningT2-3Use schneiderT2-10Use WRC 329T2-9User

Defined spectraT5-55IDT2-26

User assistanceTechnical support phone numbersU1-5TrainingU1-5

User IDT2-26User’s guideU1-4User-DefinedT4-8User-defined SIFs anywhere in the piping

systemT3-18UtilitiesT4-42U-univT3-78Ux,uy,uzT4-38

VValveU5-28

/Flange databaseT2-23Orifice gasT5-94Pipe/vent pipe interfaceT5-92

Valve orifice gas conditionsT5-94Valve/flange databaseT3-66Valves and flangesT2-23Vector of modal forceT5-77Velocity vectorT5-49, T5-58Velocity vs. elevation tableU6-8Vent

Pipe exitT5-93Pipe exit gasT5-94StackT5-91

Vent pipe exit gas conditionsT5-94Version and job title informationT8-63Vertical dummy leg on bendsA3-36Vertical in-line pumpsU12-63Vertical leg attachment angleA3-39Vessel attachment stresses/WRC 107

Input data, WRC 107U12-10Nozzel loads, WRC 107

Curve ExtrapolationU12-13Interactive ControlU12-13

Nozzle data, WRC 107U12-12Nozzle loads, WRC 107U12-13

Reinforcing padU12-9Stress summations, WRC 107

Analyze-stress summationU12-14Bending stressU12-14Membrane stressU12-14

Vesselcenterline direction cosinesT3- 47centerline direction vector x, y, zT3-41dataU12-11diameterT3-41, T3-46material no. (optional)T3-42material numberT3-47node number T3-39, T3-41, T3-46reinforcing pad thicknessT3- 41, T3-46temperatureT3-47temperature (optional)T3-42type — cylinder (0) or sphere (1)T3-46wall thicknessT3-41, T3-46

Vessel, pipe and hanger supported fromA4-10Vibration T5-51, U8-2, U8-29View/edit fileT2-31ViewsT3-100Volume plottingT3-100, U5-36Von mises theoryT2-8Vortex sheddingT6-27

WWall thicknessT2-6Wall thickness/schedule fieldT3-6Warning dialogU6-4Water hammerA7-21, U8-24

Specifying the loadForce sets, slug flowU8-28Force-time profileU8-28Load cases, slug flowU8-28Relief load synthesizerU8-28Relief valveU8-28Slug problemsU8-28

Water hammer analysisU8-2Water hammer loading - output discussionA7-30Water hammer/slug flow (spectrum)U8-28Wave dataT6-38Wave spreadingT6-28Wave theoriesT6-31Weak axis moment of inertiaT4-8, T4- 46WebsiteU2-18Weight analysisT3-36Weld idT3-18, T6-90Weld joint efficiencyT6-96WeldedT3-76Welding Research Council Bulletin 297U12-15Widely spaced mitered bendA2-10Wind

EffectsT5-3

Page 45: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000 Q-42

Exposure optionsT6-26ForceT6-25LoadT3-7LoadsT6-25PressureT6-25Shape factorT4-40, T6-25SpeedT6-25

Wind dataASCE #7 wind loadsU6-9Methods of wind loadingU6-8Pressure vs. elevation tableU6-8Shape factorU6-8Velocity vs. elevation tableU6-8

Wind loadsT6-25Wind loads - windT4-40Wind shape factorT3-52Wind/waveU5-14Wind/wave loadsT3-51WindowsA3-24Windows server installationU2-20Wire frameU5-36WnT3-76Woven rovingT6-113Woven roving constructionT6-84WRC 107T2-5, T6-43, T10-8WRC 107 (vessel stresses)U12-8WRC 107 stress summationsU12-13WRC 297A3-8, T6-45, T10-9, U12-15

Nozzle flexibilityU12-17Nozzle screenU12-16

WRC 329T2-11, T6-13, T6-90WRC 329/330T6-90WRC axes orientationU12-9Wt/schT3-6

XX (cosx, cosy, cosz) or x (vecx, vecy, vecz)T3-25X , y, or zT3-24Xrod (cosx, cosy, cosz) or xrod (vecx, vecy,

vecz)T3-25Xrod, yrod, zrodT3-25

YYield

Criteria theoryT2-8StrengthT4-6StressT2-8, T2-38, T3-56, T6-96

Yield displacementU11-9Yield forceA3-52Yield stiffnessU11-9Young’s modulusU12-42, U12-46Young’s modulus of elasticityT4-5YsT4-6

ZZero

Period accelerationT5-55Weight rigidsT6-2

Zero length expansion joints A5-19, A5- 21,A5-26, T3-15

Zone definitionsU11-5ZoomingT3-99, U5-35ZPA time history output casesT5-68

Page 46: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide - 1/2000

CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual

The CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual is intended to serve as a publicly availableverification document. This manual discusses (briefly) the current industry QA stan-dards, the COADE QA standard, a series of benchmark jobs, and instructions for usersimplementing QA procedures on their own hardware.

The benchmark jobs consists of comparisons to published data by ASME and the NRC.Additional test jobs compare CAESAR II results to other industry software programs.

For additional information on the CAESAR II Quality Assurance Manual, pleasecontact the COADE sales department.

Mechanical Engineering News

As an aid to the Users of COADE software products, COADE publishes MechanicalEngineering News several times a year. This publication contains discussions on recentdevelopments that affect users, and technical features illustrating modeling techniquesand software applications.

This newsletter is sent to all users of COADE software at the time of publication. Backissues can be acquired by contacting the COADE sales staff.

Additional COADE Software Programs

CADWorx - An AutoCAD based piping design/drafting program with a bi-directionaldata transfer link to CAESAR II. CADWorx allows models to be createdin ortho, iso, 2D, or 3D modes. CADWorx template specifications,combined with built in auto routing, auto iso, stress iso, auto dimensioning,complete libraries, center of gravity calculations, and bill of materials,provides the most complete piping package to designers.

CodeCalc - A program for the design or analysis of pressure vessel components.CodeCalc capabilities include: tubesheets, rectangular vessels, flanges,nozzles, Zick analysis, and the standard internal/external thickness andpressure computations on heads, shells, and cones.

PVElite - A comprehensive, GUI based program for the design or analysis of talltowers and horizontal vessels. Additional modules for nozzles, flanges,baserings, and WRC107 are provided.

TANK - A program for the design or rerating of API-650/653 storage tanks. Theprogram includes API-650 Appedices A, E, F, M, P, and S, as well as API-653 Appendix B. Computations address: wind girders, conical roofdesign, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion allowance.

Q-43

Page 47: 154025223 Rumus Caesar PDF

COADE, Inc.

12777 Jones Rd., Suite 480

Houston, Texas 77070

Phone: (281)890-4566

Fax: (281)890-3301

E-mail: [email protected]

WWW: www.coade.com

C A E S A R I I ™

Q U I C K R E F E R E N C E G U I D E

V E R S I O N 4.20

( L A S T R E V I S E D 1/2000 )