15.3 World History

Fascism Rises in Europe

Italy

• Fascism– Militant, political, loyalty to state, extreme

Nationalism– Censorship, indoctrination, secret police– Middle class, military, industrialists support– Racist

Benito Mussolini

– March on Rome 1922– Legally comes to power– Il Duce– Never as “total” as Stalin or Hitler

Germany

• 1923– Hitler joined National Socialist German Worker’s

Party (NAZI)– Swastika– Storm troopers (Brown Shirts)– Der Fuhrer (leader)– Munich Beer Hall Putsch– Prison

Mein Kampf

• My Struggle• Aryan race superiority• Master race• Jews, Slavs, Gypsies were inferior• Lebensraum (living room)

1929-1933

• Great Depression• People began to listen to Nazi party for hope• Rallies• Campaigning• Krupp and Thyssen gave money• 1932 ran for President, came in second• Hindenburg appoints Hitler Chancellor in 1933• Comes to power legally

1933

• Hitler calls for new elections• Reichstag burns down• Blames communists• Nazis win election• Article 48 enacted• Totalitarian state• SS formed (protection squad) • Gestapo (secret police)

Nazi Life

• Economy controlled• Factories• Re-armament• Unemployment dropped• Propaganda• Book burning• Hitler Youth• Victory to the strong

Stage 1 of HolocaustEXCLUSION

• Anti semitisim• Scapegoats– THE PLAN-• Exclusion• Expulsion• Enclosure• Extermination

• Enabling Act• Dachau built

Stage 1 of HolocaustEXCLUSION

• Boycott• Posters• No jobs• No school• Swastikas• Stars• 37,000 fled; 525,000 stayed

Stage 1 of HolocaustEXCLUSION

• Nuremburg Laws– Forbade marriage– No longer citizens

• Kristallnacht 11/9/38– Night of Broken Glass

Other Countries Fall to Dictators

• Hungary• Poland• Yugoslavia• Albania, Bulgaria, Romania• CZECHOSLOVAKIA only DEMOCRACY